THE OREDIGGER

The student voice of the Colorado School of Mines

Volume 94, Issue 24 April 21, 2014
COURTESY PENNY PETTIGREW

News

Lecutrer discusses vascular-targeted drug delivery

Features 4
COURTESY CARRIES

The true story of Saving Mr. Banks

Alum to speak on her time in space

Jessica Deters Staff Writer
Interested in aerospace? Ever wanted to know what living on the International Space Station is like? Penny Pettigrew, ISS Payload Communications Manager at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center and Mines graduate, will return to Mines this Friday, April 25 to talk to students about her career at NASA as well as her journey to NASA. Pettigrew will give two talks on April 25. The rst talk entitled Im Not an Astronaut, but I Get to Play One at Work will take place at 12:00 p.m. in Coolbaugh 209. Pettigrew will focus heavily on her experience and responsibilities at NASA. She will oer her insight into and experience with International Space Station, Microgravity Science, and supporting the astronauts who live and work on the ISS in real time. This talk is geared toward anyone interested in learning more about what happens on the ISS. At 4:00 p.m. on April 25 in Brown Building W250, Pettigrew will give a second talk entitled From Mines to NASA: The Hurdles and Triumphs of Following a Dream. Pettigrew will oer insight into the challenges and triumphs she has incurred balancing a NASA career with being a mom. Pettigrew is currently living out her dreams as a Rocket Scientist and a mom to her 8-year old daughter

Mines alum Penny Pettigrew sits in pilots seat in a NASA space shuttle simulation.

Sports 7

Baseball sets program record

City discusses 19th St. and HWY 6

Jacqueline Feuerborn Staff Writer
Anyone who has crossed the intersection at 9th Street and Highway 6 will know what a hazard it is. Very few people know how to properly use the intersection and there are regularly accidents there. As a response to this, the City of Golden has decided to make some changes. This led to a meeting on Monday, April 14, 2014. People from all over Golden, but particularly from near 19th Street, gathered at the Fossil Trace Clubhouse to talk about the intersection. The primary goal of the meeting was to hear what locals felt about the intersection and how it should be changed. This is incredibly useful because it shows that the City of Golden is concerned with what its residents think about any potential building plans. The entire meeting was engineered to try and hear what the people thought. This was done by having large sheets of paper on the walls with various questions on them. Golden residents were given sticky notes that they could write on and then post to the walls. There were other questions that were structured more like a vote and in those cases, residents were given stars to place next to the option that they preferred. There were also representatives scattered through the room, all willing to answer questions and tell you about the Citys plans. The rst sheet of paper asked: List three things about the current intersection that you nd the most problematic. The majority of the people who commented on this section discussed the safety issues associated with the intersection. Two of the biggest of these are the blinking yellow trac lights and the red lights. There is a serious problem with people running red lights when driving down Highway 6. Drivers will simply breeze right through them, seemingly with no care at all. This can be incredibly hazardous and is one of the leading causes of accidents at the intersection. The other big problem is

Aspen. This talk is geared toward those interested in hearing about balancing a job in a STEM eld with having a family. Equality Through Awareness, ETA, is sponsoring both talks. ETA focuses on promoting diversity in physics and other science elds. The club meets once a week to discuss issues involving diversity and brings in speakers once a month to present on various topics relating to diversity.

Opinion 8
COURTESY MARTIN LIEBERMAN

Minds at Mines asks about summer plans

the misunderstandings surrounding yellow ashing lights. No one is quite sure what they mean so they just do whatever they want. Flashing yellow lights mean proceed with caution and they occur when pedestrians have

the right of way to cross. This means that when pedestrians are crossing, cars must stop but if there are no pedestrians then they are free to turn. Most people do not understand this so will either drive dangerously close to pedestrians or sometimes yell at pedestrians from their car windows. The dangers posed to pedestrians and bikers where some of the things residents were most concerned about. Next, they wanted to know what people used the intersection for. The primary responses said that they used it as a means to get to and from work and home but there were also people who said they used it to get to downtown Golden. There were even some other Mines students who showed up and said they use it to get to school, as anyone who lives at Mines Park has to. Continued at Planning meeting on page 3

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Ramiro Rodriguez, Staff Writer

Evanston, Illinois - Northwestern University scientists have discovered the material that is the best at converting waste heat into electricity. An interdisciplinary team, led by inorganic chemist Dr. Mercouri Kanatzidis, has found that the crystal form of tin selenide conducts heat so poorly that it is the most efcient thermoelectric material discovered. Tin selenide has a ZT metric (a ratio of electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power to thermal conductivity) 2.6. The group responsible for the discovery point to countless commercial uses for the information due to two third of energy input being lost to waste heat on average. Marlborough, MA - Researchers from the biotechnology company Advanced Cell Technology have successfully generated stem cells from adults. The process is the same as the cloning process that made Dolly the sheep in 1996. An human egg was stripped of its DNA and had the DNA of a donor inserted in, resulting in a hybrid capable of dividing. The embryo then has stem cells removed and is treated with numerous agents to develop into specic types of cells. The groups research also points to the largest determiner of working nuclear transfer is the quality of the donor eggs.

Nanjing, China - Researchers at the Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics have discovered that dragging saltwater over a piece of graphene can generate electricity. The process generates a voltage charge by the electron distribution becoming steadily unbalanced from an even state at the top of the graphene to an unbalanced one at the bottom. The initial testing of a single drop of seawater generated 30mV. Further testing shows that increasing the amount of water or increasing the velocity at which the water is dragged along graphene both increase the voltage, which means that the process is scalable.

Auckland, New Zealand - By recreating the setting from the Aesops Fable story The Crow and the Pitcher, researchers from the University of Auckland have determined that corvids determined the causal relationship of the situation as well as 5-7 year olds. The crows were presented with tubes half lled with water and a piece of meat as well as small rocks and objects of the same appearance that would aect water level dierently. The crows were able to determine what needed to be dropped in to get the meat, as well as variants of the experiment seeing if the crows could determine whether they could see water level rising faster with a wide or narrow base.

Oredigger Staff
Lucy Orsi Editor-in-Chief Emily McNair Managing Editor Taylor Polodna Design Editor Connor McDonald Webmaster Amos Gwa Business Manager Arnaud Filliat Copy Editor Katerina Gonzales Content Manager Jared Riemer Content Manager Karen Gilbert Faculty Advisor

Headlines from around the world

Ramiro Rodriguez, Staff Writer
Intuit, the company responsible for making TurboTax, has been linked to a grassroots campaign against a long-standing proposal called Return Free to allow taxpayers the option to use prelled tax returns from the IRS instead of having to ll out the forms or using a tax preparation service. Agents working for the public relations and lobbying rm JCI Worldwide have worked to convince community leaders to write op-eds that Return Free would be harmful to members of their respective communities. The lobbying rm listed Intuit as a client, until it had been contacted on the matter by independent newspaper ProPublica and has since called the listing a mistake. New York has become the 11th state to join the pact to award its electoral college votes to whatever presidential candidate wins the national popular vote. The pact and accompanying movement aim to increase voter representation by removing undue emphasis on swing states and states with early primaries. As of New Yorks entry into the interstate pact, the pact members have 165 electoral college votes. Should the pact have 270 votes, the presidential election will be effectively decided by popular vote. Ukraine has submitted information to the European Union that aims to prove that the actions of paramilitary groups following Russias annexation of Crimea were funded and directed by the Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Sta of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (GRU) as well as caused by Russian special forces that were deployed in Ukrainian territory. The Ukrainian missive contains accounts of known GRU sta leading militant group attacks, the training of separatist groups in armed resistance, the identication of GRU agents who participated in the 2008 Georgian attacks being inside of Ukrainian borders, as well as separatists using equipment that is otherwise exclusively used by the Russian army in addition to the use of military tactics typical to the GRU. Following the success of funding the Jamaican bobsledding teams most recent Olympic trip, the community behind DogeCoin has now funded a NASCAR driver. 67,500,000 of the memebased cryptocurrency ($55000) has been sent to Josh Wise so that he can compete in Talladega and possibly two other races depending on the results of an online poll. He will be racing as #98 and featuring a DogeCoin image in support of the community which he has ingrained himself in quickly through interviews with Dogecoin supporters online and has begun learning how to mine for Dogecoin. An investigation by the House Energy and Commerce Committee has revealed internal documents which show that General Motors was fully aware of a defect with ignition switches in small cars that has led to a recall following thirteen deaths. Knowledge of the defect dates to 2001 despite a recall being issued earlier this year when engineers were attempting to pinpoint an issue in the switches that would cause the engine to stall and make the brake system, steering, and airbags fail. The committee now aims to discover how early executive became aware of the defect and whether or not the slow action could constitute criminal negligence on the part of General Motors.

Local News
The Department of Mining Engineering is hosting an open house for their Excavation Engineering and Earth Mechanics Institute (EMI) on April 25 from 2:30 to 5:30 pm. The department is inviting all members of the Mines community to the event, which will showcase the little known asset at the school. The open house will celebrate past, present, and future projects. Vandals have been placing rocks on Powers Boulevard in Fountain. These rocks have damaged over a dozen vehicles, but there have not been any injuries. The vandals face felony charges due to the cost to x the damaged vehicles. The Boulder County District Attorneys oce has reported that $3,500 in donations have been collected to try to nd the person who placed poisoned meatballs in city parks. At least 3 dogs have fallen ill after eating the meatballs laced with rat poison. The Colorado Bureau of Investigation is currently testing the meatballs. Students from the School in the Woods in Black Forest have discovered orange re fungus. This is the rst time that the fungus had been seen in the state. The fungus was growing on charred land and this is only the third time this fungus has been found in the US. The llama that roamed the campus of Trinidad State Junior College has been found dead. A veterinarian is in the process of nding the cause of death. However, the police have been questioning four men about the incident, and one of the men was a part owner of the llama.

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April 21, 2014

Chris Robbins Staff Writer

Effects of diffusion The potential of clathrates

data, and then analyze the results. Nothing like what Lyng and the rest of the group had hypothesized, their results indicated that there is a strong connection between increasing activation energies of the detonation and the diffusive effects of the detonation wave and its energy. This correlation exists for each specific subgroup, or family, of detonation waves possible in the predetermined problem domain. Another interesting aspect of this connection is that when these diffusive effects are taken into account, the normally unstable waves resulting from detonation will actually return to a state of stability. Lyng titled this effect viscous hyperstabilization, the discovery and properties of which became the main focus of this study, as from here it was hypothesized that, for all nonzero viscosity measurements, this effect would always be present as long as the diffusive effects on the waves are considered. At this point in time, not much else is known and provable regarding viscous hyperstabilization, but according to Lyng it is very much a fundamental open problem referring to the theory behind the methodology. Lyng expressed strong interest in continuing his study into this field, stating that the use of singular perturbation theory coupled with this model may yield very interesting and useable results.

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Hope Sisley Staff Writer

Advances in drug delivery Planning meeting

Hope Sisley Staff Writer
On March 7, Mines hosted Dr. Omolola Eniola-Adefeso, the director of chemical engineering at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. She spoke on vascular-targeted drug delivery - that is, the transport of medical drugs directly to the wall of the blood vessels at a specific point in the body, using a man-made carrier with a built-in drug-release trigger. The carriers are modelled after white blood cells. By using targeted delivery to treat something such as cancer, the doctors ensure that the drugs - which are often toxic to humans - are sent straight to the tumor without harming the patients other cells. This localization of drug delivery requires efficiency, and in order to make delivery as efficient as possible, the behaviour of the carrier must be well known. This behaviour depends on the type, shape, and size of the carrier, as well as the properties of the target (the wall of a blood vessel, in this case) and the rheology of blood, which is a complex fluid. Red blood cells (erythrocytes) tend to concentrate in the center of blood flow, while other cells are pushed to the vessel walls. Because the walls are the target, the drug carrier must behave like these other cells, not like an erythrocyte. Furthermore, the nature of the target and the delivery path depends on the disease being treated. Arteriosclerosis, for instance, involves large blood vessels, while cancer involves capillaries, the tiniest blood vessels of all. Different sizes of blood vessel will have different flow regimes, and will be able to accommodate different sizes of drug carrier. Thus, EniolaAdefeso set out to determine how the size of the carrier affects the efficiency of drug delivery. As a proxy for delivery efficiency, the researchers tested the adhesion of carrier particles to epithelial cells in the midst of human blood flow. First Eniola-Adefeso and her colleagues tested a larger blood vessel. They found that, in general, larger particles bind better than smaller (for example, ten microns in diameter as opposed to 0.1 micron). This relationship held true at a higher rate of input, but at higher speeds five microns was better than ten. To negate the effects of gravity, the tests were repeated upside-down, and yielded the same results. Because arteriosclerosis is caused by plaque building up on the wall of blood vessels, it can cause flow separation or create regions of flow stagnation; these irregularities were simulated and found to favor carriers of five microns as well. Next, Eniola-Adefeso and her colleagues conducted the same tests in a capillary-sized blood vessel, simulating microvessels in a cancer tumor. While five microns was found to be too big, leading to collisions with red blood cells, the efficiency of the very tiny particles (fractions of microns in size) was not improved from that seen in the large vessel. The small particles fit easily between the erythrocytes, so they are unable to leave the flow, while particles one and two microns in size get pushed to the wall by shear forces in the flow. Two microns was found to be the best diameter for efficient adhesion. As the concentration of the carrier is increased, adhesion increases across sizes, but not at a one-to-one return, and not to the same degree for all sizes. The next suite of tests involved the fluid itself. These tests had involved slightly-diluted human blood; the same tests were run with a cellfree saline buffer solution, and the presence of blood cells was found to be the controlling factor on behavioral differences between carrier sizes. In order to determine which cells exactly were having the greatest effects, serum containing each of the three main cell types found in blood was tested. Platelets, which cause clots and scabs to form in the event of injury, were found to have no effect. Red blood cells favored two microns, while detrimenting the efficiency of five microns; this effect was greater in pulsed flow. White blood cells (leukocytes) gave similar (though much less pronounced) results in steady flow, but in pulsed had a negative effect on adherence for all carrier sizes. This is because the particles stick to the leukocytes as well as to the blood vessels wall, and as the leukocytes roll by they rip the carrier particles off of the walls. The type of ligand, or binding protein, used on the carrier does not affect this behaviour, so EniolaAdefeso determined that the solution was to simply add more ligand to the particles so that they will adhere more strongly to the vessel wall. At this stage in the experiment, the researchers are testing different shapes of carrier. The ones used in all of the tests so far have been spherical; rod-shaped carriers, however, are better carriers. The more elongate the particle, the better a carrier it makes, with the difference between shapes being greater in larger particles. Eniola-Adefeso is currently testing discoid carriers. When the tests were run in living lab mice, the two-micron carrier was again found to be most efficient. Other concerns which will be tested in the future include the effects on carrier behaviour of the type of blood involved - in other words, whether mice can be considered an accurate proxy for humans in these experiments and the effects of density, as all the tests described in Eniole-Adefesos talk were density-neutral. As the variables are narrowed down, slowly she and her colleagues are moving towards a drug-delivery system that will be more efficient than any in existence, ensuring that ill people the world over can get the best treatment possible.

In the study of the stability of detonation waves, it is often common practice to ignore the effects of diffusion and still construct an accurate enough representation of the waves in question. But what happens when these diffusive effects are not neglected, and how do they affect these waves? As part of a collaborative study, Dr. Gregory Lyng of the University of Wyoming Department of Mathematics sought answers to these questions and shared some of his findings at this weeks AMS Colloquium. Before setting about finding the answers to these questions, however, the first thing Lyng had to consider was how to go about quantifying the effects of these diffusive properties. To accomplish this, numerical Evans-function techniques were chosen as the main model, and the particular set of waves studied were those defined as viscous, strong detonation waves. This limited the possible wave sets down to only those that modeled the combination of actively reacting gases (i.e. through detonation or explosion) as well as satisfied the Navier-Stokes equations. Once this initial problem setup was complete, it was then possible to implement these numerical tests, collect

Dr. Alberto Malinverno, an expert in quantitative marine geology from Columbia University delivered a talk on a unique substance from the bottom of the ocean which could someday be an energy source for humanity... but which could also drastically worsen the effects of anthropogenic climate change. The substance is a clathrate, or gas hydrate - methane molecules trapped within the crystal structure of ice. Clathrates are unstable at surface pressure and temperature conditions, preferring low temperatures and high pressures. Because of these unique stability conditions, clathrates are found at depth in places where the temperatures are cold: in permafrost, and at the ocean floor near continental margins, where organic carbon in the sediments provides the methane. Gas hydrates are widespread across the globe. They are thought to hold about twenty percent of all organic carbon on Earth. As Malinverno explained, gas hydrates can dissociate when temperatures rise, releasing large amounts of greenhouse gases (causing extensive submarine landslides in the process) and potentially leading to runaway global warming. On the other hand, they could also be exploited as an energy resource. Therefore, it is important that clathrates be better studied and under-

stood. Malinverno has sailed as a logging scientist on several expeditions of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP). He has used these cruises to gather data on clathrates, which are brought up from the ocean floor in drill cores. The methane begins to dissociate even before reaching the surface, which can cause drilling explosions; it also changes the character of the sediment, leaving it soupy or moussy. Pressurized cores can be taken, which prevent outgassing and preserve the clathrates. Wireline logs can also be used to examine clathrates at depth, as the methane is an electrical insulator and increases the resistivity of the sediment, just like conventional gas. The source of the methane in gas hydrates is from methanogenic bacteria in the sediments. This can be determined from Malinvernos studies because biogenic gas is isotropically light compared to thermogenic gas formed in rocks like the gas produced from natural gas wells. The bacteria need only carbon and water to perform the reaction. As the carbon is converted to methane and carbon dioxide, there is a corresponding decrease in particulate carbon in the sediments. The rate at which this decrease occurs may be dependent on the ambient temperature, or on the age of the carbon - that is, how long the particles have been buried - but the process is still very poorly under-

stood. Malinverno explained that clathrates tend to form heterogeneous deposits, being preferentially concentrated in sands but not in fine-grained muds, despite the fact that particulate carbon tends to concentrate in muds and be absent from sands. So long as a clathrate is within its stability zone, the methane cannot come out of solution unless the concentration and solubility of the methane correspond exactly, making migration difficult except within very narrow conditions. As a three-percent supersaturation of gas is necessary to form a gas hydrate, it is likely that the methane migrated from the muds into the pore spaces in the sands first, then formed clathrates. This hypothesis is supported by evidence from the Gulf of Mexico, where Malinverno and his colleagues found sand intervals containing clathrates which were bracketed above and below by finegrained, clathrate-free zones; beyond were fine-grained intervals with gas hydrates present. This implies that transport of the methane depleted the gas from the sands surrounding area, but only to a certain extent. Malinverno concluded that these findings are still preliminary. Future research will concentrate on microbial methanogenesis and gas hydrate formation, he said. In this way, this unique and important substance can come to be understood and, perhaps someday, used to benefit humanity.

Jacqueline Feuerborn Staff Writer

This is convenient to know which turns are used the most on the intersection but because it was a local Golden meeting, it did not take into account the people that are commuting longer distances and just passing through Golden. The third question asked residents what the three most important things that they should focus on when changing the intersection. Most residents brought up solutions to the same things that concerned them in the first question. It seemed to be important to everyone that pedestrians and bikers would be safe from drivers. As well as, changes to the turn lanes so that there would no longer be the hazardous yellow flashing light. There were also concerns about noise during construction. This was especially concerning because many of the people at the meeting live in the the area right by the intersection so would be the most impacted by any noise. Overall though, the improvements focused on safety because it is such a dangerous intersection. Questions four and five were both voting style questions. Five asked people whether they would prefer faster construction with more possible disturbances or slower work with less disruptions. People were able to vote on this by placing stars in either category. Overall, it seemed as though people would prefer a faster construction time even though it may be more disruptive to their routine. Question four asked if people preferred easier access to the area on 19th to the West, the residential areas and Mines Park, or to the East, Campus and access to downtown Golden. This was a tricky question because many of the people at the meeting lived in the residential area but commuted to downtown. This is also concerning to students who

live at Mines Park because they need easy access to Mines Park but also to Campus. No matter what happens one of these areas will be more disrupted so the city will undoubtedly have a hard time choosing which one because residents were not keen to see either one impacted. Once residents had expressed their opinions for all of the questions and left sticky notes and stars all over the questions on the wall, they were asked to fill out a survey. This survey asked residents how they were most likely to receive information about the construction and how they would prefer to hear it. They also asked what peoples priorities were in regards to construction, with options like landscaping, public art, easy access to communities, pedestrian crossings and more. There was also an option at the bottom of the survey to include your name and email. Anyone who filled in this information would be placed on a mailing list so that they could receive any news about the construction and any dates and times for follow up meetings. The City is not yet at a point where they are ready to begin construction but they have begun gathering important information about priorities and there are already a few plans in the work. There is no doubt that the intersection at 9th Street and Highway 6 will be changed soon, but there is no concrete idea yet about what it will be changed to. Overall, it was a very useful meeting that allowed the City of Golden to get a better feel for how the local residents felt about the possible changes to the intersection at 9th Street and Highway 6. The city was able to gather some very important information that should help them to make a better and more informed decision about how to change the intersection. Residents of the area and anyone who is interested will be very intrigued to see how the planning moves forward.

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Geek Week
of the
ity Through Awareness, a program for women in physics). I was a SWE officer once. Im a Sigma Pi Sigma officer. Im in the McBride program. I feel like Im missing something. Oh, Im on the waltz team this year. This is why I dont sleep. How long have you wanted to be the Geek of the Week? October 2010. Ive always wanted to be Geek of the Week. When I started being content manager I started editing all of the articles and realized that Geek of the Week looked like fun. I wished I could answer all of those questions. Its finally my turn. What are your plans after Mines? After Mines I am starting a masters degree in astronomy at the University of British Columbia (in Vancouver) in September. Im hoping to look at theoretical astrophysics, hopefully relativistic theoretical astrophysics. After my masters I plan on doing a PhD either at UBC or somewhere else. What are you most excited for about graduating? Sleep. No, but I am really excited to get to go to astronomy graduate school and go into my specific area of interest. I am also excited to be around other people who are excited about the same research topics I am, because there is not really a lot of astrophysics at Mines. I am excited to get to hang out with other astrophysicists. Also, I am taking the entire summer off. I am just going to sit around and do nothing. I am going to make a scrapbook from last summer. It is going to be great. Whats been your favorite class at Mines? The rest of the department is going to kill me for saying this, but Classical Mechanics. I pulled two all-nighters, and I learned a ton of stuff. I found it interesting the whole time. Best memory at Mines? A lot of times in my McBride classes are really notable, but I think the thing that stands out to me most is CuWIP (Conferences for Undergraduate Women in Physics) 2014. [I loved] my experience as momma duck all through Salt Lake City, and dramatically reading Cosmo at midnight. More generally, [I loved] getting the chance to kick back with a bunch of other physics majors in an environment where we didnt have a ton of homework. Any traumatic memories? There are so many! When I thought I was going to get a C in quantum [mechanics]. That was pretty traumatic. For half a semester I could not get the hang of Mark Lusks tests, so I spend that half a semester convinced I was getting a C in quantum. And then, in turn, I was terrified I was never going to be a physicist if I got a C in quantum. No one would ever want me for grad school! (Everything turned out okay.) Would you consider yourself a geek? Sometimes I think no, and then I go on a tangent about some obscure aspect of the American Civil War or something like that. So, I think yes, but not in a traditional, Mines sense. I dont care about scifi. I dont care about comic books or video games. But, Im kind of a humanities nerd. What do you do for fun outside of the classroom? Do I have fun outside of the classroom? Most of my fun time outside of the classroom is spent doing administrative things for the groups Im involved in. I plan events for ETA. Im working on snacks for the Sigma Pi Sigma induction ceremony right now. Its spent on organization and working on things that I need to do for my other groups. I dont spend a lot of time doing whatever I want. Thats why the summers going to be so fabulous. Favorite fictional character? Anne Shirley of Anne of Green Gables. She understands me on a deep, fictional level. My parents gave me a copy of Anne of Avonlea when I was six or seven, and it is inscribed to Our Anne. I was the biggest drama queen as a kid. I was pretty much Anne for a long time. Favorite movie? Do I have a favorite movie? Movies are weird for me because I like a lot of movies, but I cant say that I have a single favorite. Im really partial to Bringing Up Baby. Its a screwball comedy. Its about a leopard and another leopard. One of them is a tame pet leopard and the other is a crazy, man-eating circus leopard. They get mixed up, and there are groups looking for the crazy, circus leopard and groups looking for the tame leopard. They are running all around, and its very

f e a t u r e s

april 21, 2014

... Deborah Good, Senior: Engineering Physics

funny. Im also partial to His Girl Friday, particularly when I was on The Oredigger, because its all about a newspaper. Favorite quote? I do have a favorite quote. I usually apply it when TA-ing. Its from Wolfgang Pauli. It is not only not right, it is not even wrong. It was my Physics I TA-ing motto. What did you enjoy most about being a Physics 100 TA? I really like grading. Its a super unpopular opinion, but I like grading both exams and studios. Its a little stressful when you do the first few, but then you get your system and get going. Its kind of relaxingexcept when they fail entirely. Thats depressing. Our average one semester was an eight out of 20. We were like, Did we suck at TA-ing or was the test just hard? Did they not study? Its not fun when they do really, really poorly because you find yourself questioning what youve done. But, in general, I really enjoy grading. Whats on your bucket list? I have a bucket list! I want to take a train across the U.S. I want to spend at least a year working in an actual foreign country. I know Im moving to Canada but I dont count Canada on the same level. I want to get a dream job. I dont know exactly what that is. I do not want to go so far as to say I want to get this dream job or that dream job. But I want to have a job where Im like, that is exactly what I want. I really want to see the world. Honestly, I want to see a lot less of the Southern Hemisphere, but I really want to see most of the Northern Hemisphere. What would your advice be to younger student? Go to office hours. Most of the professors at Mines are not out to get you, and you will do much better because you will understand things better and you will be on their good side when it comes time to grade if you go talk to them. Be a person they know about. It will also make letters of recommendation easier later in your career. Dont be invisible.
JESSICA DETERS / OREDIGGER

Jessica Deters Staff Writer

After two months at Mines, senior Deborah Good knew she wanted to some day be the Geek of the Week. However, in those two months Good began writing for The Oredigger, and then became an editor and finally was selected as editor-in-chief for the 2013-2014 school year. She always saw her being Geek of the Week as a conflict of interest, but the dream lived on. Now that Good has completed her editor-in-chief duties and is preparing to graduate, that dream can finally come true. Why did you choose Mines? I knew I wanted to be a physics major. I also wanted to be able to live at home because I turned 16 right before I started at Mines. My parents were not crazy about the idea of me going far, far away. But mostly because I knew I wanted to be a physics major and there was no reason to go somewhere exotic when there was a great physics school ten minutes from my house. What was it like starting college at 16? Much less exotic than people think it is. It just meant that I couldnt drive other people until I was a sophomore, and I had to get a permission slip for field session. But, other than that, it really did not affect me. I had always hung out with people older than me anyhow, so it was not like I suddenly had a new friend group. What made you want to be a physics major? I was really into space as a kid. I went to a science center day camp and I got talking more seriously about how to go into a career in astronomy or science related to space with one of the counselors. She said that if I wanted to study astronomy I should get a degree in physics. Then I realized that if you tell people you want to be an astrophysicist, they look at you like youre slightly insane, but theyre very impressed. In your time on campus, what have you been involved with? Predominantly Ive been involved with The Oredigger. I spent years reading Geek of the Week, so Im glad its no longer a conflict to interest for me to be Geek of the Week. Ive been heavily involved in The Oredigger and in ETA (Equal-

Cooking Corner: Chocolate Zucchini Cake

Jacqueline Feuerborn Staff Writer
Chocolate Zucchini Cake is a delicious treat that is undeniably good. Most people would think that any kind of cake that has a vegetable in it just can not be tasty but they would be wrong. Zucchini is a very mellow vegetable so it has little to no inherent taste. Chocolate, on the other hand, has a very strong flavor. The combination of the two flavors will make an amazing chocolatey cake that has no taste of zucchini. The purpose of the zucchini is just to make the cake moist and a little gooey and it does this perfectly. cup butter cup oil 1 cups sugar 2 eggs 1 tsp vanilla cup soured milk (1/2 milk and Tablespoon of vinegar) 2 cups flour 1 tsp baking soda 1 tsp baking powder 4 Tbsp cocoa powder tsp cinnamon tsp ground cloves 2-3 cups grated zucchini 1 cup chocolate chips Beat butter, oil, sugar, eggs, vanilla and soured milk together very well. Add flour, baking soda, baking powder, cocoa powder, cinnamon and cloves to the creamed mixture. Beat well. Stir in zucchini. Pour into 9x13 pan. Sprinkle chocolate chips over the batter and bake 30 minutes at 325 degrees. Remove and let cool. Cut and enjoy! An extra upside of Chocolate Zucchini Cake is for when moms call home to see what vegetables are being eaten, to ensure a nutritious diet is being followed. All a mom needs to know is that you ate zucchini, they do not need to know that the zucchini was inside of a cake when it was being consumed. So anyone looking for a tasty treat and trying to convince their mom that they are eating healthily, without actually doing it, should simply make a Chocolate Zucchini Cake. This cake is incredibly good when shared with friends but it is

Good has wanted to be Geek of the Week since October 2010.

also excellent when hoarded away and kept for just one person.
JACQUELINE FEUERBORN / OREDIGGER

Chocolate Zucchini Cake is an undeniably tasty treat!

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april 21, 2014

Saving Mr. Banks only tells part of the story

Hope Sisley Staff Writer
In the tradition of 2004s Finding Neverland (the story behind the creation of Peter Pan) comes Saving Mr Banks, the story behind the creation of Mary Poppins. The film tells two stories simultaneously: that of Mary Poppins creators childhood, and that of Walt Disneys battle to secure the film rights from her. The fact that the majority of the audience know how the story ends does not stop the film from being entertaining or engaging even delightful. But, as with most Disney productions, the events shown in the movie have been cleaned up a bit, and some of the darker aspects were left out altogether. Nearly everyone knows the word supercalifragilisticexpialidocious, and nearly everyone knows it came from the 1964 Disney musical Mary Poppins; most readers will now have stuck in their heads the song that gave rise to one of the longest words in the Oxford dictionary. What most people do not know, however, is that the musical was based on a book, and whats more, the book does not include that word. Richard and Robert Sherman, who composed the music for the film version, invented the word, along with several others. The author of the Mary Poppins book series cared very little indeed for the Sherman brothers inventive vocabulary. Much of Saving Mr Banks focuses on the clash of personalities between her and the composers hired to musical-ify her masterpiece. The remainder shows flashbacks of her childhood, making her appear sympathetic and providing reasons for why she was the way she was. An Australian woman named P.L. Travers wrote the first Mary Poppins novel in 1934. At the time, she was living in England with a woman who may or may not have been her lover. Her life had been a bumpy one, colorful and often unpleasant. Saving Mr Banks does a good job getting this across, while leaving out some of the more sordid details. P.L. Travers was born Helen Goff, the daughter of an heiress and an incompetent, alcoholic bank manager, who died when Helen was only seven years old. Most of the film focuses on this period in her life. After Helens mother attempted suicide in the wake of Helens fathers death, her primary caregiver was a great aunt, not a hired nanny as portrayed in the film, and it is this aunt on whom much of Mary Poppins original character is based. In the books, Mary Poppins, the magical nanny for whom the series and the film are named, is quite different from the kindly, nightingale-voiced Julie Andrews of the film adaptation. She is described as frightening, plain in appearance (very much unlike Julie Andrews!), and the books are often dark. Travers never intended to publish her novel, only doing so after a friend showed it to a publisher, who was immediately enthralled. She went on to write six Mary Poppins books. A friend, in interview, described Travers as a complicated, profoundly unusual woman. This is putting things lightly. Travers was a compulsive liar, preferring theatrics to the truth. For years, her own closest friends had no idea she had been born in Australia. She was as controlling over her books as she was over the Disney film, dictating everything about them to the publisher, down to the typeface in which it was set. She also wrote erotic poetry. In 1939, Travers adopted a baby. She had attempted to adopt her 16-year-old maid some years earlier, unsuccessfully, resulting in her firing the maid. Now, she agreed to adopt twin boys from a poor Dublin family who could not support their seven children. When she arrived to collect the boys, however, she refused to take both. Instead, on the advice of her astrologer, she took one of them, Camillus, and left the other with the family. The novelty of being a mother wore off quickly for Travers. As soon as Camillus was old enough, she sent him to boarding school. She never told the boy that he was adopted, much less that he had a twin. He discovered the truth when his twin brother tracked him down at age seventeen. The results were disastrous. He felt, rightly, betrayed - cheated, as he put it in an interview. His daughter says Camillus never, never, never got over it. Indeed, while Travers was signing her contract with Disney, her son was in prison for DUI. Fortunately, Camillus existence is never mentioned in Saving Mr. Banks, or it would be difficult to empathize with Travers, even with Emma Thompsons superb, harsh, yet vulnerable portrayal of Travers (for which she ought to have been nominated for an Oscar). As shown in the film, Walt Disney decided to make Mary Poppins into a movie at the request of his daughter, Diane. Travers hated Disneys works long before he approached her to purchase the rights to her book. She disliked sentimentality, so it was no surprise she turned him down when he came knocking. It would take over fifteen years before Mary Poppins, the movie, was to become a reality. The offer Travers accepted was $100,000 cash, 5% of all profits, and the right to approve the script before production went forward. It was any authors dream. It was also the only way that Disney could fulfill his promise to his daughter. The events portrayed in the film, the discussions between Travers, the Sherman brothers, and the Disney scriptwriter, Don DeGradi, took ten days. Richard Sherman describes that time as two weeks I would hate to go through again. Though Travers seems deeply unpleasant in the movie, Sherman promises that she was much worse in real life. The Sherman brothers went on to win the Academy Award for best score for Mary Poppins, however. The song Feed the Birds remained Walt Disneys favorite of the Shermans compositions til the day he died; it was also the only one Travers liked. (The Sherman brothers most well-known composition, however, is Its a Small World After All.) Robert, the elder of the brothers, was a decorated war hero, a fact alluded to in the film, and the brothers achieved great success with Disney; Mary Poppins was only the beginning for them. Sadly, where Travers is concerned, the real-life version

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of this story does not have a happy ending. Though its true that Travers cried at the films premiere, it was not (as the Mr. Banks filmmakers would have the audience believe) because it brought back memories of her childhood or somehow helped her to reconcile with her tragic past. It was because she hated it so much that it made her feel, as she later wrote to her lawyer, that she would never write - let alone smile - again. After the premiere, Travers went to Disney and told him the cartoons must be deleted from the film. Pam, replied Disney, the ship has sailed. That would be the end of their negotiations. Travers eventually learned to live with Disneys masterpiece at least because it ensured her continued financial wealth. She never sold the rights to the rest of her books, however, despite requests. When, in the 1990s, a stage version was made of Mary Poppins, Travers agreed only on condition that the Sherman Brothers would not be involved and that only British writers be allowed to work on it. In the end, her sour personality took its toll. According to the New York Times, Travers own grandchildren said she died not loving anyone and nobody loving her. This is one case in which the viewer wishes that Disney Studios rose-colored glasses could change reality instead of merely painting it in a prettier light. 4 out of 5 stars. Rated PG-13 because even Disney cannot hide the fact that P.L. Travers was a class-A b*tch.
COURTESY SCREENRANT.COM

Saving Mr. Banks only tells part of Travers story. Travers eventually learned to live with Disneys masterpiece - at least because it ensured her continued financial wealth.

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2014-15 USG Election Results

Student Body President and VP Lauren Schumacher/Colin Marshall Noah Langford/Andrew Raygoza Write-in Board of Trustees Representative Gerald Miller Tyrel Jacobsen Sydney Rogers Write-in At-Large to the Institution Jonathan Paz Write-in At- Large to the Community Karen OBrien Holly Stuart Write-in At- Large to the Faculty Patrick Marshall Write-in Senior Class President Samuel Fritkin Connor Dickey Write-in Senior Class Reps Kayler Rietcheck Ben Traquair Trace Tomme Write-in Junior Class President Stuart Farris Write-in Junior Class Reps Austin Williams Max Sanjohanser Ryan Lanham Cameron Liss Write-in Sophomore Class President Kellen Wartnow Jerrod Crook Write-in Sophomore Class Reps Amber Brusak Jessie Burckel Andy Bartleet James Davis Nicholas Hammelev Write-in 594 (71.6%) 220 (26.5%) 16 (1.9%) 355 (43.2%) 236 (28.7%) 214 (26.0%) 17 (2/1%) 682 (95.7%) 31 (4.3%)

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509 (68.0%) 220 (29.4%) 20 (2.7%) 741 (96.9%) 24 (3.1%) 200 (53.1%) 171 (45.4%) 6 (1.6%) 282 (34.7%) 269 (33.1%) 233 (28.7%) 29 (3.6%) 174 (96.1%) 7 (3.9%) 117(32.6%) 88 (24.5%) 71 (19.8%) 70 (19.5%) 13 (3.6%) 120 (81.1%) 25 (16.9) 3 (2.0%) 116 (32.0%) 113 (31.1%) 70 (19.3%) 30 (8.3%) 23 (6.3%) 11 (3.0%)

Correction to Opinion from GSG Representative

Benjamin Goertz Guest Writer
This correction is intended to clarify some editing issues with my previous article from last week. The tittle Opinion from GSG Representative and subtitle of GSG on SA Fee was done last minute by the Oredigger Sta from my original title which can be found at oredigger.net. This was purely an opinion piece written by myself and it reected my views. It was not nor has ever been my intention to represent all of GSG through this article. Unfortunately, this was not made clear in the new title and arrangement selected by the Oredigger and could be misconstrued as an ocial position when seen next to the opinion written by a USG voting member. Additionally, I would like to note between the transition from page 1 to page 3 the content of The document Institutional Plan for Student Fees, amended by the Board in May of 2013 was left out and I feel this reference is important for students to have.

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april 21, 2014

Baseball sets records with sweep of Regis

Katerina Gonzales Content Manager
With Saturday afternoons 6-4 win over the Regis Rangers at Jim Darden Field, the Oredigger baseball team set a program record for conference wins at 18. The Diggers are on a streak of success and have now won 15 of their last 20 games. The sweep of Regis brings their record to 20-17 overall and 18-12 in the RMAC. Mines took Thursdays game 7-6, Fridays 15-4, and Saturdays doubleheader 6-2 and 6-4. Thursdays 7-6 victory came on a walkoff from a fielders choice hit by A.J. Schillinger, as Logan Smith ran home on an errant throw by the Regis pitcher, one of six errors committed by the Rangers. Smith had reached on an error to leadoff the inning, and was advanced by a Josh Martinez bunt and a Cody Marvel walk. Overall offensively, Marvel and Schillinger led the team with two hits apiece, while Zach Bothwell drove in three runs. On the mound, Peter Herrin struck out four batters in his two and a third innings pitched, and picked up his first win of the season. Both he and Nick Vitulli had hitless relief appearances to relieve Ben Gilman. On Friday, the Oredigger bats exploded for 15 runs on 17 hits, including a seven-run first inning. That first inning, along with much of the game, was fueled by singles, except for Evan Browns RBI double to right center field. A.J. Valerio picked up his first pitching win of the season in five innings of work, while Will Phillips, James Wurster, Brandon Storm, and Kellen MacDonald all provided solid relief in the remaining innings. Nate Olinger picked up his fifth win of the season in Saturdays opener, pitching a seven-inning complete game. Olinger allowed two runs on five hits, and struck out one without giving up a walk in the series-clincher. The offense supported him from the get-go, with three runs in the first, another in the third, and two more in the sixth. Both Cody Marvel and Rey Chavarria had multi-hit games, while Marvel and Olinger drove in two runs apiece. Both teams played errorless baseball in the opener. Going for the sweep, Mines got off to a good start in the second game by scoring two runs in the first on Olinger and Schillinger singles. The Diggers scored another run in the fourth, and Regis offense was silent until the sixth inning, when they scored three to tie it up. Mines responded by scoring three more of their own in the

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KATERINA GONZALES / OREDIGGER

Josh Martinez awaits a pitch during a gloomy game against Regis this past weekend.
bottom of the inning, using singles from Evan Brown and Josh Martinez to drive runners home, as well as a double play. Tommy Rodgers started the game, and had a decent outing with two runs allowed in five innings, but with the game getting tied in the sixth, Nick Vitulli ended picking up the win, while Peter Herrin recorded his second save. With the fourth win, Mines not only captured a program record for conference wins, but senior Char-

Metro sneaks past Mines Mt. SAC Relays

Jared Riemer Content Manager
The Colorado School of Mines softball team squared off against RMAC rival Metro State (25-11, 19-8 RMAC) in a four game set this weekend (two Friday and two Saturday) and after dominating the first game of the series, dropped the next three to fall to 16-21 on the season and 12-20 in conference. In the first game of the series, Mines defeated the Roadrunners 9-1 in five innings. Sophomore Kristen Prudhomme took the mound and had a great outing, giving up just one earned on three hits in five innings of work, striking out three and walking one. Offensively, senior Gianna Duncan led the team with a career best four RBIs while going 2-for-3 with a double and a single. Freshman Paige Noehring scored twice and was 3-for-3 in the game, while senior Courtney Derus (2-for-3) and junior Cassie Ford (2-for-2 with a walk and a home run in the fourth) both added two RBIs. Metro avoided the shutout in the fourth scoring when Aubree Maul recorded an RBI single after Kaylynn Harmon doubled to start the inning. Game two was a 12-4 six inning rout by Metro, ending what was a 10 game losing streak to Orediggers dating back to 2011. The Lady Orediggers started the scoring in the first with a tworun home run by Ford, but Metros Harmon answered with her own homer in the bottom of the inning to tie the game at 2. Harmon homered again in the third, this time a grand slam to put the Roadrunners up for good. Metro scored in five of the six innings and Prudhomme finished with a line of four innings pitched, giving up nine runs (seven earned), with two walks and two strikeouts. Noehring had two RBI on 2-for-4 hitting and ford went 2-for-3 with a home run and two RBI. In the first game of Saturdays double header, Mines fell just short losing 6-5 after failing to tie the game with the bases loaded and just one out in the seventh inning. Prudhomme took the loss giving up six runs (four earned) in six innings of work with one walk and one strikeout. Noehring was 2-for-3 and scored twice, while Derus knocked in two runs thanks to a first inning two run blast. Mines scored first in the opening frame jumping on top 3-0, but Metro tied it up in the bottom half of the inning. Mines once again took the lead in the fifth when a throwing error scored freshman Kara Walling, but Metro scored twice the in the bottom of the inning and again in the bottom of the sixth to lead 6-4. The Orediggers got one run back in the final frame, but stranded three to fall 6-5. The final game of the series was a 9-4 loss. Prudhomme (14-19) pitched a complete game, but gave up nine earned thanks to two home runs, striking out three. Duncan had two RBIs going 2-for-4, and senior Melissa Marshall went 2-for-4 with a home run. Freshman Rebecca Fallon recorded an RBI with a fifth-inning sac fly that cut the lead to one run, but in the bottom half of the fifth, Metro plated three and grabbed one more in the sixth for insurance. Noehring added a hit running her hitting streak to 10 games, while going 1-for-4 in the game and 8-for-14 for the series. The Orediggers dropped the series 3-1, and will finish up their regular season this weekend (April 26-27) at home in Golden against New Mexico Highlands.

lie Basil also earned his 200th hit of his collegiate career in the fourth inning. Mines has two regular-season series left and plays Colorado Christian University this week on the road.

Chris Robbins Staff Writer

Bryan Clay Invite

Jared Riemer Content Manager
The Colorado School of Mines mens and womens track teams had a busy week competing in three different events over the past week on a west coast swing. While some of the team was at the Mt. SAC Relays, a few runners headed to Azusa Pacific University in Azusa, California to compete in the Bryan Clay invitational. In the 5000, senior Andrew Epperson finished second out of the 70 runner field, while Derek Alcorn finished 12th and junior Ryan Bull 23rd. Epperson finished with a provisional time of 14:36.36, while Alcorn and Bull ran 14:50.03 and 14:59.39 respectively. In the womens triple jump, senior Kayla

Members of the Mines track and field squad departed for Mt. San Antonio College this past weekend for the Mt. SAC Relays, one of the larger events the Orediggers have competed in this season. Leading things off on Thursday, Phil Schneider took 27th place in the Mens 10,000-meter Invitational division, while in the Mens 10,000-meter Olympic division Andrew Epperson took eighth place, Sean Gildea 12th, and Derek Alcorn 17th. The Mens 10,000-meter Open event saw Nathaniel Williams finish in 18th, while the Womens 10,000-meter Open had Chloe Gustafson placing fifth to finish off Thursdays events. Austin Roup kicked off Fridays events by finishing 30th in the Mens Hammer Throw event while Hannah Schuster took 30th in the Womens 1500-meter Open to lead off Fridays events. Frank

Socha grabbed 25th in the Mens 1500-meter Open, while Ian Rozier and Matt Drotar took 40th and 57th respectively in the Mens 400-meter Dash Open. Garrett Hoch finished 13th and Patrick Weaver 35th in the Mens 800-meter run open, while the Mines A relay team of Drotar, Rozier, Weaver, and Hoch came home ninth in the Mens 4x400-meter Relay Open. In the Mens 3000-meter Steeplechase competition, Tyler Curtis finished sixth overall, while in the Mens 5000-meter Run, Sean Gildea finished sixth, Marty Andrie eighth, and Seth Topper 27th. The Mines A relay team took tenth place in the Mens 4x400 Relay Open to finish up Mines portion of the competitions. After this and several other events in California this weekend, the CSM track team will return to Golden next weekend to compete in the CSM Pre-Conference Open on Friday, April 25 and Saturday, April 26.

JV Golf gets to shine

Jared Riemer Content Manager
Colorado School of Mines golf sent their JV team to CSU-Pueblo to compete in the Wolf Pack Invitational. With a storm rolling through on Monday, the event was postponed until Tuesday and shortened to just 36 holes. Play started early Tuesday morning, and when the dust settled at the end of 36 holes, Mines sat in seventh place out of ten. Leading the team finishing in a tie for tenth place, was sophomore Nick Berry. Berry shot an even-par 71 for his first round and a two over 73 for (+2) overall in the event. Fellow sophomore Conrad Smith finished (+7) in a tie for nineteenth and freshman Taylor MacKay and David Schack finished (+9) and (+13) respectively. Team Scores 1.Colorado Mesa Univ. 291 279 570 +2 2.West Texas A & M Univ. 289

282 571 +3 3.Colorado St-Pueblo 288 284 572 +4 7. Colorado School of Mines JV 303 296 599 +31 Mines Scores T-10. Nick Berry 71 73 (144) +2 T-19. Conrad Smith 75 74 (149) +7 T-26. Taylor MacKay 79 72 (151) +9 T-39. David Schack 78 77 (155) +13

Johnson placed ninth with a leap of 11.62m and sophomore Michelle Rigsby came in at 21st with a jump of 10.94m. Rigsby placed 51st in the 100m dash and a jump of 5.50m in the long jump landed Rigsby in 14th. Johnson finished 18th in the 100m hurdles. Amanda Giles (freshman) placed 19th in the womens Javelin Throw with a toss of 35.25m Austin Shaffer (sophomore) competed in the mens 400m dash and placed 20th with a time of 49.87, while Seun Ogunmodede placed fifth in the long jump with a leap of 6.80m. In the hammer throw, Austin Roup (junior) and sophomore Jacob Hollister finished ninth and eleventh with respective throws of 55.82m and 53.62m.

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o p i n i o n

april
Sudoku X Puzzle - Hard

Minds at Mines
How Mines students spend their summers
Katerina Gonzales Content Manager
With summer less than three weeks away, school becomes more dicult yet more important to focus on. Yet, the plans for the summer months can be a motivator to get through the last few midterms, projects, and homework assignments. Whether going on their departmental Field Camps, gaining experience on the job, or doing things for fun, Mines kids know how to have a great summer. This week Minds at Mines asked, What are you doing this summer?

This summer, after Field Session, I will be in the magical land of Kansas through my research internship. I will be doing a good deal of self-reecting, pondering what to do after graduation. Rosie Leone

www.sudoku-puzzles.net
Sudoku X Puzzle - Sudoku - also known as Number Place - is a logic-based, combinatorial numberplacement puzzle. The aim of Sudoku is to enter a number from 1 through 9 in each cell of a grid, most frequently a 99 grid made up of 33 subgrids. Each row, column and region must contain only one instance of each number. This Sudoku variant is called Sudoku X, Diagonal Sudoku or Kokonotsu. In Sudoku X the main diagonals must also contain the digits 1 through 9. Im interning with Shell in Houston. I dont know what Im doing, but its geophysics related. Im really excited. Stuart Farris

www.sudoku-puzzles.net

More Puzzles:

Save the date

Friday, April 25th, 2014 from 2:30 5:00 PM

You are cordially invited to attend the Department of Mining Engineering, Earth Mechanics Institute (EMI) Open House on April 25th, 2014 from 2:30 to 5:00 PM.
Im living out of my car by a river while digging holes in Kafadar. Thomas Conklin

Please come out and visit our unique, internationally known excavation engineering and rock mechanics testing and research facility as we celebrate past, present, and future research projects! Food and soft drinks will be served!

Im riding my bike from Durango to Moab. Dallas Hall

N

Earth Mechanics Institute 1312 Maple Street Golden, Colorado 80401 (Access the EMI from Maple Street)
Editorials Policy The Oredigger is a designated public forum. Editors have the authority to make all content decisions without censorship or advance approval and may edit submitted pieces for length so long as the original meaning of the piece is unchanged. Opinions contained within the Opinion Section do not necessarily reect those of Colorado School of Mines or The Oredigger. The Oredigger does not accept submissions without identication and will consider all requests for anonymity in publication on a case-by-case basis. Submissions less than 300 words will receive preference.

For parking info please visit: www.mines.edu/ MapsDirectionsParkingInfo

Maple St.

Geology Museum

D E PAR T M E N T O F M I N I N G E N G I N E E R I N G
C O L O R A D O S C H O O L O F M I N E S

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