Chapter 1 Crime No absolute definition, based on cultural/societal norms, actions which are considered harmful to an individual or an institution, based

ed on actions or lack or actions (negligence); a Violation of the criminal code Criminal Code Defines what a crime is along with its punishments

Decriminalization vs. Legalizing Cultural Perspective: Pot: Illegal in Canada but in Amsterdam police tolerate it

Red Light District in Amsterdam vs. Canada CANADA: Prostitution is not illegal but every part of it is: 1) living under the avails of prostitution (making money), 2) communicating (services to a client and net cost), 3) Brothel sex trade workers who have sex in their house more than once, it is considered a body house AMSTERDAM: You just have to be within the particular geographical location and then there are no laws against it. Honor Killings Legal in some places (Pakistan, Egypt, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru), illegal in Canada: cases legally charged as murder USA vs. Canada (Capital Punishment) Texas, California and some other states still havet eh death penalty, Canada abolished it in the 1970s Neighborhood reaction to crime Park dale: Never buy a bike, itll get robbed in a week; no point in calling police because they cant do anything about it (cost/benefit analysis) vs Forest Hill call the police, devastated, even though the police cannot do anything they are on a mission to bring justice.

Neighborhoods have different perspectives on crime/justice Singapore vs. Canada on petty crime: Jaywalking, spitting on the ground etc, petty crimes are very illegal

Historically: The designation of particular behaviors changes with time Homosexuality illegal prior to 1969 Currently decriminalized Prohibition of sales/Consumption of alcohol Abortion Currently decriminalized Assaults Re-categorized to include various types of sexual assaults and aggravated assault (1980s); Pushing someone or beating/raping someone was in the same category; Husband Exemption Act: Prior to 1982 you could not be charged for raping your wife Terrorism act, Domestic violence

New Laws Environmental Laws No one was aware of the shit being put into the ground, dug up etc Corporate Crimes: Marta Stewart (for insider reading) and Bernie Madoff(NYC, USinvestment) and Earl Jones (Montreal, Canada investment Scandal)

TWO CHARACTERISTIC OF LAW VIOLATION: (1) Actus Reus (Action) The requirement of an act The prosecutor has to prove that someone committed an act which is in violation of the criminal code must do some overt conduct ie. Threatening with a knife, or yelling out death threats, or stealing need to commit to the act (2) Mens Reus (Mental Capacity) the intention to commit to an act Decided to rob bank before making a plan, you had intend guilty mind The above two law requirement of law violation but there are some exceptions: a) Manslaughter unintentionally killing someone ie. bar room brawl The individual still needs to be punished but not to the same capacity b) Negligence causing death ie. leaving child in car Difference Between First and Second Degree Murder 1st A road map showing they planned it | 2nd Not enough evidence to stick Not all violent behavior are considered to be illegal o Sporting events Violent in nature but defined as entertainment (Hockey, UFC) o Self Defense If you are in immediate danger o Job/Responsibility Police, Military o Battered woman syndrome not the same as self-defense , BWS is generally a history of abuse; described a feeling or belief that if she doesnt do anything she may die; syndrome implies a mental deficiency

Issues Regarding Domestic Violence Not a term on its own, still grouped under assault as a general term Domestic violence overviews 1980s Toronto K courts courts specifically geared towards understanding domestic cases If you plead guilty and are good for 12 months, you dont go through the justice system ^ Potential reasons why it is difficult for the majority of women to report or leave domestic abusive partners

Deviance - Behavior that departs from social normal but isnt always a crime. Culturally constructed. Ie Homosexuality, tattooing, drinking