UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA SABAH FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCE

DIPLOMA IN SCIENCE
PHY360 LABORATORY REPORT
TITLE : HEAT PUMP GROUP MEMBER : 1. Ahmad Ismi Zulfadli Bin Ishak (2010852022) 2. Audrina Shirley Norbert (2010431408) 3. Mohammad Shafiq Bin Mohd. Kamari (2010608212) 4. Dayangku Nur Faizah Bt. Pg Mohammad (2010823448) 5. Atiqah Binti Arimi (2010688464) GROUP : AS1206A1 DATE : 16th JANUARY 2013 LECTURER : MISS SHIRLEY ARVILA ANDREW

TITLE Heat Pump

OBJECTIVES 1. To measure pressure and temperature in the circuit and in the water reservoirs on the condenser side and the vaporizer side alternatively. 2. To calculate the energy taken up and released, also the volume concentration in the circuit and the volumetric efficiency of the compressor.

APPARATUS Heat pump, lab thermometer, heat conductive paste, hot-/cold ai blower, tripod base, stopwatch, support rod-PASS-, Universal clamp with joint, glass beaker tall, glass rod.

THEORIES
Pressures and temperatures in the circulation of the heat electrical compression heat pump are measured as a function of time when it is operated as a water-water heat pump. The energy taken up and released is calculated from the heating and cooling of the two water baths. The vaporisation and condensation of the working substance may be observed through the sight glasses of the heat pump. As the restrictor valve controlled by a thermostat lets through varying quantities of working substance, the scene is not always uniform. The energy flow Q on the condenser and vaporiser side is calculated from the heating and cooling of the water bath.

c = Specific heat capacity of water mw = Mass of the water = Temperature change per unit time

RESULTS

Condenser: initial temperature of water = 27

Time (minute) Pressure (bar) Water temperature (1) Temperature inlet (ci) Temperature outlet (co)

5 10 15 20 25 30

8.5 10 11.5 12.4 13 13.5

30 31 40 44 45 51

38 42 45 49 52 53

34.5 40 44 47 51 52

Table 1.1: The data sheet of Condenser

Vaporiser:
Time (minute) Pressure (bar) Water temperature (1) Temperature inlet (ci) Temperature outlet (co)

5 10 15 20 25 30

3.2 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.1 2

11.5 9.5 8.5 7.5 6 5

13 10.9 9 8 7 6

13 10.9 9 8 7 6

Table 1.2: The data sheet for vaporiser

CALCULATION
Energy Release (Condenser)

(4.18 x 103 J/kgoC) x (4.8 kg) x (40-27 oC) =260,832 J

Energy Taken Up (Vaporiser)

(4.18 x 103 J/kgoC) x (4.8 kg) x (27-10.9 oC) =323,030.4 J

Volume concentration in the circuit: Pressure on the vaporiser side at: t = 10 min P0 = 0.25 MPa Pressure on condenser side at: t = 10 min P = 1.0 MPa

Vaporiser heat flow, Qo =

, 1 3 145 (396.33256.358)

= 145 W

V = .

= (79.91)

= 82.78 Cm3/s Volume concentration = 139.87 Cm3/s

From table 1 H1 : 396.33 kJ/kg H3 : 256.358 kJ/kg V = 0.07991 m3/kg = 79.91 l/kg

82.78 123

0.673 100 67.3%

Vg = Vg.

= 123 cm3/s

60

GRAPH PF TEMPERATURE VS TIME

50

40

Temperature/oC

Water Temp(2) Temperature Inlet, (v1) Temperature Outlet (vo) Water temperature(1) Temperature inlet (c1) Temperature Outlet (co)

30

20

10

0 0 5 10

Time/min 15 20 25 30 35

DISCUSSION
Based on the graph plotted for the temperature at the inlet i ,outlet o and water temperature 1 of the condenser as a function of the operating time, it shows a continuous upward curves in interval of 5 minutes for 30 minutes duration. The findings also shows that each inlet, outlet and water temperature increased over time along with the pressure measured. It can be seen that the water temperature have lowest value than inlet and outlet temperature, followed by outlet temperature and inlet temperature has the most highest value. Compared with the given theoretical graph, it also shows that the temperature of inlet, outlet and water temperature will be increasing over time. Thus this experimental result are inclined with the theoretical result of heat pump operation, showing that condenser acts as a hot coil which aid in providing the condensing temperature so that it is warmer than room temperature. This situation will create a temperature gradient for spontaneous heat flow away from the condenser, brought about as a result so that the refrigerant to liquefy and loss the latent heat that it had gained from the cold component. Based on www.geo4va.vt.edu (n.d.) the refrigerant's vaporizing temperature is chosen such that it is significantly colder than the target temperature of the compartment to be refrigerated. This creates a temperature gradient for spontaneous heat flow to the evaporator, vaporizing the refrigerant, which thereby gains latent heat from the cold compartment. Likewise, the condensing temperature is chosen such that it is warmer than room temperature. This creates a temperature gradient for spontaneous heat flow away from the condenser, causing the refrigerant to liquify and thereby lose the latent heat that it had gained from the cold compartment. In this way, heat is pumped out of the refrigerator. Typical pressure and temperature conditions for such a refrigerator are illustrated in Figure 1.1, below.

Figure 1.1 Typical pressure and temperature conditions for such a refrigerator (www.geo4va.vt.edu ,n.d.) A heat pump has an air-conditioner properties with one extra valve that allows the condenser (hot coil) and evaporator (cold coil) to reverse places in the winter.It can move thermal energy against a thermal gradient at the expense of an external source of power, usually a mechanical compressor (Kavanaugh, n.d). In this system the heat will spontaneously flows from warmer places to colder spaces. A heat pump can move heat in the opposite direction. A heat pump can absorb heat from a cold space and release it to a warmer one. Heat pumps use a refrigerant as an intermediate fluid to absorb heat where it vaporizes, in the evaporator, and then to release heat where the refrigerant condenses, in the condenser. The refrigerant flows through insulated pipes between the evaporator and the condenser, allowing for efficient thermal energy transfer at relatively long distances (Kavanaugh, n.d). In reversible heat pumps, a reversing valve allows the flow direction of the refrigerant to be changed. Figure below shows the reversing valve of heat pump.

Figure 1.2 The reversing valve of a heat pump (Kavanaugh, n.d) In heating mode, the outdoor coil is an evaporator, while the indoor is a condenser. The refrigerant flowing from the evaporator will carry the thermal energy from outside air indoors, after the fluid's temperature has been augmented by compressing it. The indoor coil then transfers thermal energy to water, which is then used to heat the building via radiators or underfloor heating. The heated water may even be used for domestic hot water consumption. The refrigerant is then allowed to expand, cool, and absorb heat to reheat to the outdoor temperature in the outside evaporator, and the cycle repeats.

In the cooling mode, the valve slides to a position that allowed the compressor hot gas to flow through the top port to the left bottom port to the water coil. Thus, the heat pump will act like the air-conditioner described in the previous page. The valve also permits the refrigerant to travel from the indoor air coil to the compressor in cooling and from the water coil to the compressor in heating. The compressor through the top port to the indoor air coil through the right bottom port of the reversing valve. Thus the air circulated by the indoor fan will be heated. After passing through the expansion device, the refrigerant enters the outdoor coil at a low temperature. Because the temperature of the refrigerant is low, heat can be transferred from the water to the refrigerant inside the evaporator. (Kavanaugh, n.d)

CONCLUSION
As conclusion, the aim of the experiment is to measure pressure, temperature and vaporiser heat pump cycle. This system allows a heat pump to be observed as it cycles through evaporation, compression, condensation and expansion. It serves two purposes which is heating and cooling. From our experiment the results obtained for the air-water heat pump the vaporiser has increased based on temperature and pressure meanwhile for the water heat pump the condenser has decreased based on temperature and pressure. This due to assumption made that from the work done is converted to heat.

REFERENCES

1. www.geo4va.vt.edu (n.d.). www.geo4va.vt.edu. Retrieved January 11, 2013, from www.geo4va.vt.edu: http://www.geo4va.vt.edu/A3/A3.htm 2. Kavanaugh S. (n.d.). www.geokiss.com. Retrieved January 11, 2013, from www.geokiss.com: http://www.geokiss.com/consumerinfo/HowG&WSourceHeatPumpsWork.pdf