Unit 19 adverb and adverbial phrases

Vocabulary: bandanna

vocabulary

Floor (the gas pedal) accelerate the car Shatter: to break into small pieces Outdistance: to run, go faster than other people

Civility: a high level of civilized behavior

Pledge: to make a public promise to do something Dawn on ( someone): to realize, understand something

A blow was struck for (something) : the cause received great help

Comprehension questions

Why did the Greens try to escape from the criminals? Why were the Greens attacked? Why did Nicholas's parents offer to donate his organs? What happened to the Greens after they returned to the U.S: ?

Your opinion

Would you act as compassionately as Nicholas's parents? Why? When the italian talk show host said, you have given us a lesson in civility, what did he mean?

Grammar notes
You can REDUCE OR CHANGE certain adverb clauses to adverb phrases:

Adverb clause with BE:

While they were in Italy, they had trouble.

While in Italy, they had trouble. When I am traveling, I keep a journal. When traveling, I keep a journal. When Tim was in the U.S. , he visited Orlando. When ___ the ____, Tim _______ ______

Grammar notes

Adverb clause without verb BE:

Before we left, we visited Rome.

Before leaving, we visited Rome. After they investigated, the police identified the criminals. After investigating, the police identified the criminals Before Tom went to the U.S., he visited Mexico. ______ ______ to the U S , Tom visited Mexico.

Grammar notes

It's also possible to change adverb clauses into ADVERBIAL PHRASES ( without subordinators)

While they waited at the hospital, they were worried. Waiting at the hospital, they were worried.

After they heard the news, they decided what to do.

Hearing the news, they decided what to do. After I arrived home, I made a call. ______ _____, I made a call.

Grammar notes

When can you change/reduce adverb clauses into adverb phrases or adverbial phrases?

ONLY IF THE SUBJECTS OF BOTH CLAUSES REFER TO THE SAME PERSON OR THING !

While the Greens were driving, they enjoyed the landscape.

While _______, they enjoyed the _______. While the Greens were driving, the children played joyfully.

Grammar notes

So far we saw reductions or changes IN SENTENCES WITH ADVERB CLAUSES OF TIME NOW LET'S SEE CHANGES IN SENTENCES WITH ADVERB CLAUSES OF REASON:

Since they were accused by the police, they had to appear in court. Accused by the police, they had to appear in court.

As he saw the guns, he chose to escape.

Seeing the guns, he chose to escape.

Grammar notes

Try to change these sentences using adverbial phrases:

Because I was unable to find the answer, I used wikipedia.

______ unable to find the _____, I used _______. As I noticed the serious problem here, I told the boss.
________ the serious_____ here, I told the boss.

Grammar notes

BE CAREFUL !

If the original adverb clauses is in the present perfect or past perfect, use HAVING+ p.p.
Because I've visited Italy, I saw the colosseum. Having visited Italy, I saw the colosseum. Since I had saved $ 3000, I could go to Europe.

Having saved $ 3000, I could go to Europe.

As I had studied a lot, I got a good grade.

____ _____ a lot, I got a ____ ______.

extra

Upon or On + -ing in an adverb phrase has the same meaning as WHEN:

Upon realizing what had happened, they stopped the car.

On realizing what had happened, they stopped the car.

When they realized what had happened, they stopped the car.

COMMUNICATION PRACTICE
EXERCISE 6 VOCABULARY:

Good faith: showing honest intentions

Off the record: Something not to be published Viable: possible Cease fire: stop the fight

warm up: when people and government have very strong disagreements like in Venezuela, what is the best way to solve this problem? Why?

Use complete answers !

2 Mr Tintor could demonstrate good faith by...

3.- The president's aide spoke

4.-... LISTEN CAREFULLY TO THIS SECTION AND WRITE DOWN THE ADVERB PHRASES O ADVERBIAL PHRASES YOU HEAR:

(FIRST PIECE OF NEWS ONLY)

ANSWERS

ASKED WHETHER HE WOULD ATTEND NEXT WEEK'S PEACE CONFERENCE IN GENEVA,... INTERVIEWED ABOUT MR AMALDE'S COMMENTS, ...

Exercise 7 what does the picture show? If you had been Damini's keeper, what would you have tried to save her?

SAMPLE LANGUAGE FOR RESPONDING

REMEMBER : USE ADVERBS PHRASES OR ADVERBIAL PHRASES :

Having observed Damini's behavior, I would have tried to... a few years ago, I saw on tv a report about a dog that.... after watching its companion was not moving, the dog tried to I noticed that upon realizing I had the leash in my hand, my dog got very excited and happy because... It was evident that while walking with me in the

Exercise 8

Who are some people known for their compassion? What are some examples of compassionate acts?

Who deserves compassion? Why?

What situations inspire compassion in you?