Professional Documents
Culture Documents
(Vol. 5; 2012)
!!" 1#$#%1&#'
Spatial turn: On the Concept of Space in Cultural Geography and Literary Theory
Ernest W. B. Hess-Lttich (Bern, Switzerland)
<hess@germ.unibe.ch>, <www.germanistik.unibe.ch/personen/hess/>
The paper discusses the impact of the spatial turn (topographical turn, topological turn) in the field of (German) literary studies, indicated by such terms as 'literary cartography', 'mapping', 'literary topography', 'heterotopes of literature' etc. These terms have been adopted from other disciplines in which they operate in quite different terminological networks. The paper, therefore, follows the development of this approach back to its roots in earth sciences (especially geo-spheres) and summarises the changes of the notion of space from traditional geography to current socio-cultural anthropology. This includes looking at its metaphorical application to other spheres of knowledge. Space as a literary concept is confronted with the use of the term in its original context and the consequences of the 'spatial turn' in the current debate in literary theory in the German speaking countries. But instead of outlining the tradition of such approaches since the 18 th century in Germany, the paper draws the attention to the approach of Jurij M. Lotman, who understands text as a culture-specific code for space, and symbolic space in literature as a result of culturally specific uses of signs. The comparison between the notions of space in cultural geography and literary theory also allows for a critical comment on some approaches which may be useful for 'literatourism' but do not suffice for the semiotic integration of topological relations into Lotman's concept of text, which allows literary texts to be read as media of cultural self-interpretation and symbolic models of spatial perception. Keywords: concepts o space, spatial turn in cultural geograph!, literar! theor! and te"tual anal!sis, #. $otman%s approach
(Vol. 5; 2012)
!!" 1#$#%1&#'
phenomenological approaches, #uri7 9. $otman regards the s!mbolic space o literature as a result o a culturall! speci ic usage o signs . $otman percei+es an analogous relationship between the narrati+e te"t as an a0stract model o realit! and the respecti+e 'world +iew( o a gi+en culture. :e then carries o+er his semantic model o space into a pragmatic, i.e. cultural and historical conte"t. 9! contribution ollows this discussion, pursuing it, howe+er, be!ond the disciplinar! borders as ar as its origins within the space8oriented earth sciences. -t summaril! recaps changes o the notion o space rom traditional geograph! up to the contemporar! cultural geograph!. Spatialisation o social circumstances (and their +isualisation) and the (o ten metaphorical) transmission o this approach to other areas o knowledge (c . Bourdieu,s des e ets de lieu as an e"ample or a ,space trap,) also appertain. /urthermore, the occupation o literar! sciences with space is con ronted with space concepts rom earth sciences. -ts ;<th centur! roots, as well as the continuance in irst phenomenological, and later semiotic approaches right up to the conse)uences o the so8called spatial turn in toda!=s debate o literar! theor! shall be re+ealed. -n the attempt o creating a s!nthesis, possible points o contact between literar! (respecti+el! literar! and te"tual theoretical) and culture geographical space concepts shall be probed. 0dditionall! (in recourse to /oucault,s 'histoire d,espace(), the premises or a contemporar! understanding o ,space, under the sign o a balance o tension o globalisation and regionalisation, o non8located medial networks and local assertion o identit! shall be pro iled in order to inall! e"pose literar! te"ts as media o cultural8speci ic codes and s!mbolisations o ,space,. &he resumpti+e comparison o culture geographical and literar! theoretical conceptualisations o spatial relations also ensures the base or a critical re lection o numerous contemporar! e orts, which occasionall! ma! be suitable or 'literatouristical illustration(, but do not alwa!s ul il the theoretical demands, which the! ormulate themsel+es. -n contrast, the recognitional potential o a cooperation between culture geographical and literar! topographies seems hitherto to ha+e been e"hausted 7ust as little as that o a semiotic integration o topological relations in (literar!) te"ts as model shaping s!stems (in the sense o #uri7 $otman), which re erence the world +iew o a respecti+e culture as abstract (aesthetic) models o realit!. -nso ar as literar! te"ts can be read as media o culture speci ic sel 8 interpretation and as testimonies o altered (and changeable) perceptions o space, the interest in literar! spaces also gains in rele+ance or a topical conceptualisation, or instance, o intercultural >erman studies.;
/or her help in ac)uiring materials in the ramework o her pro7ect - would like to thank lic. phil. 0nna >ermann (?ni+ersit! o Bern)@ or his critical reading rom a natural scienti ic point o +iew - would like to thank the geologist Aro . 2r.8-ng. 2ieter 2. >enske (?ni+ersit! o $iechtenstein and Bordhausen ?ni+ersit! o 0pplied Sciences). /or his translation o the paper - would like to thank 1e+in 9c$oughlin. * &his contribution results rom a lecture which - held on the CD rd 6ctober CEEF in &allin (4stonia) in the rame o a con erence acilitated b! the 4uropean ?nion on 'Spatialit! and Gisualisation o 5ulture8/Bature8HelationshipsI &heoretical 0spects (Huum 7a ilme looduskultuurisI teooriast)(, a >erman +ersion o which was published CE;E in the Jearbook o intercultural >erman Studies ( Jahr0uch 1eutsch als 2rem3sprache DK LCEEFMI ;;N8;C<). &he interest in the sub7ect was irst stimulated b! the cooperation between the sections on 4e3ia !tu3ies and )n5ironmental !tu3ies o the 6erman 7ssociation of !emiotic !tu3ies , the results o which were published in a special issue o 8o3i9as:Co3e on 1ie 8artographie 3es Verh.llten. +r.c9enschl;ge <=ischen "atur% un3 8ultur=issenschaften : The Cartography of the 1isguise3. +ri3ging !cience an3 ,umanities (>enske, :ess8$3ttich, O :uch eds., CEEP). ). *. +. ,ess%-.ttich/ !patial Turn
www.meta8carto8semiotics.org This work is licensed under this Creative Commons License
(Vol. 5; 2012)
!!" 1#$#%1&#'
&
(Vol. 5; 2012)
!!" 1#$#%1&#'
&he pro7ection o the social on the ph!sical (the so8called 'ac)uired( space) leads to the ob7ecti+ation o the socialI in the end, the ph!sical ob7ecti+ated social space congeals into cogniti+e structure.
'Belebte und unbelebte Batur und >eist sind also in der geographischen Substanz +erschmolzen. 2arin liegt die innere 4inheit der >eographie begr3ndet und die &atsache, daT diese weder Batur8 noch >eisteswissenscha t allein sein kann( (Bobek O Schmith3sen ;FNF, p. ;;D). 0 reconstruction o the transition o geographical spatial concepts since the ;FCE,s here remains undone * c . or this purpose e.g. $ippuner (CEEK). ). *. +. ,ess%-.ttich/ !patial Turn
www.meta8carto8semiotics.org This work is licensed under this Creative Commons License
(Vol. 5; 2012)
!!" 1#$#%1&#'
- Bourdieu assigns (albeit metaphoricall!) the role o a mediator, who successi+el! turns the social structures into thought patterns and predispositions, to the structures o Vac)uiredV space, he himsel alls into the trap o space as he abstracts them (i.e. the ,naturalised, social structures) rom the sub7ects acting within those structures and thereb! runs the risk o concluding rom the localisation o social agents in the ph!sical space to their positions within social space. &his could, howe+er, lead directl! to a decoupling o social di erences rom social practices ( or a critical re+iew (c . $ippuner, CEEK, p. ;QP@ $ossau O $ippuner, CEEN, p. CEC ). &his is onl! to be a+oided b! a s!stematic re lection on the sign s!stem in which the social practice mani ests itsel I o te"ts and te"tures that inherit s!mbolic unctions in social s!stems. &he matter o the anal!sis would thus be the spaces, which are lingualised in the broadest sense, i.e. which are a+ailable as ,te"ts, (c . >arz O 1raimer eds., ;FFN@ :ard ed., CEEC@ :ess8$3ttich, ;FF<). -n place o the +ague term 'ac)uired ph!sical space,( an e"act di erentiation o the semantic acets o the pol!semous concept ,space, must come into beingI something reminiscent o an 0nglo8Sa"on inspired cultural and anthropological geograph!, that distinguishes between space and place (as ph!sicall! and sociall! construed or semioticall! mani ested spaceI c . 1no" O 9arston, CEE;) or in the sense o a space8structure research, which understands ,space, as a ,container,, a s!stem o site8relations o material ob7ects@ a categor! o perception, an element o action or as an arte act o societal construction processes (c . .ardenga O :Rnsch eds., ;FFK, p. KD). -n m! opinion, it is onl! then that an understanding between the representati+es o the scienti ic and the humanistic approach can be reached * with regard to their common purpose in the modernised cultural geograph!I seeing space as a material ob7ect with all its attendant ph!sical and ecological constraints and as te"t, or, as the case ma! be, discourse, and inall!, as a sign s!stem.
The tradition of aesthetic reflection on space is naturally longer and can not be reprocessed here. For Lessing's early sign-theoretically motivated differentiations in Laokoon cf. exemplarily Hess-Lttich (1984). ). *. +. ,ess%-.ttich/ !patial Turn
www.meta8carto8semiotics.org This work is licensed under this Creative Commons License
(Vol. 5; 2012)
!!" 1#$#%1&#'
and ,absolute, dimensions in 0le"ander Hitter,s momentous collected edition on $andscape and space in stor!telling (-an3schaft un3 @aum in 3er )r<;hl9unst L;FPKM) through to >erhard :o mann,s irst attempt at a t!polog! o literar! space in !pace( )pic !ituation( "arrate3 @eality L;FP<M, which according to Batascha .3rzbach (CEE;, p. ;EQ), is 'heute noch rele+anteLsM Standardwerk zur narrati+en Haumdarstellung L...M mit einer dominant phSnomenologischen 0usrichtung La standard re erence on narrati+e space description e+en toda! L...M with a dominant phenomenological orientationM(, - shall rather mention a semiotic conceptualisation o literar! space, which pro+es b! ar more open to interdisciplinar! connectors than the a orementioned approachesI b! means o #uri7 9. $otman,s stud! o the s!mbolic space in literature as a result o culturall! determined sign utilisations. $otman,s model o space is primar! language based (and has hence been marginall! noticed b! literar! studies at best). :owe+er, it integrates semantic, pragmatic, -e0ens=elt, as well as historico8cultural dimensions. $iterar! te"ts as 'sekundSr modellbildende S!steme Lsecondar! model building s!stemsM( ($otman ;FPCI CC) generate spatialit! (in contrast to $essing) as a media and genre encroaching orm ( 6estalt). .ith that he surpasses the horizon o literar! studiesI or him aesthetic ob7ects * regardless i te"ts (in a proper sense), pictures, printings or buildings * as parts o a semiotic s!stem design models o possible worlds. &herein, space works as a sign s!stem through which social realit! can be constructed. /or the relation o literar! and ph!sical space this implies that 'Strukturen des Haumes eines &e"tes zum 9odell der Struktur des Haumes der .elt werden Lstructures o the space o a te"t become the structure model o world spaceM( ($otman ;FPCI D;C). .ith that the prospect o new approaches arises, or instance, on geography of literature that stri+es to link literature and cartograph! (c . >enske, :ess8$3ttich, O :uch eds., CEEP), the initial )uestion beingI '.o spielt $iteratur, und warum spielt sie dortW L.here does literature take place and wh! thereWM( (Aiatti, CEE<, p. CE). 0ccording to Aiatti, its premise readsI '4s gibt Ber3hrungspunkte zwischen iktionaler und realer >eographie. $iteraturgeographie geht da+on aus, L...M daT eine re erentielle Beziehung zwischen der inner8 und auTerliterarischen .irklichkeit besteht L&here are meeting points between ictional and real geograph!. $iterar! geograph! assumes LXM that a re erential relation between the inner8 and e"traliteral realit! e"istsM( (ibid., p. CK). &his ma! well be seminal or some literar! +enues, as the! are presentl! being proceeded with at the Swiss /ederal -nstitute o &echnolog! (or as in /ranco 9oretti,s 7tlante 3el @oman<o )uropeo 1#00%1B00), that is or certain te"ts, not remotel! or all, howe+er. 6ne ma! think, or instance, o 1a ka,s no+el The Castle, which, at best, allows or a placing eD negati5o (Stockhammer, CEEK, p. DCK). &he iron! here resides in the act that a sur+e!or o all people attempts to e"trapolate a working location, which depri+es all topographic mapping and onl! emerges in the medium o language. &here ore, the (Uurich based) approach is hardl! to be subsumed strictu sensu under the so8called topographical turn as it does not re lect the emblematic constitution o realit!, which accompanies mapping. &hus, the critical )uestion is not completel! un7usti ied, as to which literar! topograph! can be traced in te"ts * as ar as the! e"hibit actual topographicall! locatable topon!ms at all * i one is to sketch in the rele+ant place names (2Rring, CEE<, p. K<F). .hen Sigrid .eigel (CEEC) misinterprets the topographical turn as an impulse to ocus on places not as narrati+e topoi but as concrete, geographicall! identi iable places, she downright misses its essence which in+ol+es the cultural representation o spatialit!, be it in maps (Stockhammer ed., CEEK) or in literar! te"ts (BRhme ed., CEEK). Bow, i cartograph! and literature are in+ol+ed in a connection to each other it becomes apparent 'daT die 1arte zur beglaubigten -maginationsmatri" 3r HSume in &e"t8 und Bildmedien wird, au die sie sich
). *. +. ,ess%-.ttich/ !patial Turn
www.meta8carto8semiotics.org This work is licensed under this Creative Commons License
(Vol. 5; 2012)
!!" 1#$#%1&#'
beziehen Lund sich so eineM 2!namik der 1onstitution +on HSumen entwickelt Lthat the map becomes the certi ied imaginational matri" or spaces in te"t and picture media which the! re er to and that a d!namic o spatial constitution is de+elopedM( (23nne, CEEK, p. PN). &here ore, the term topography is to be concei+ed, respecti+el! di erentiated, more precisel!. -t no longer merel! in+ol+es place descriptions ( or which there was an own terminological in+entor! as earl! as in ancient rhetoric) but also the art o ,mapping,, i.e. the process o map manu acturing b! means o graphic signs, on the one hand and the (meton!mical) description o the product without re erence to its representati+e, constructed character on the other hand (9iller, ;FFK, p. D). 0s a conse)uence, according to the 0merican literar! critic :illis 9iller, the )uestion emerges as to how topographical descriptions work in poems, no+els or philosophical te"ts. 9iller detects a relation between the e"ecution o per ormati+e acts * e.g. b! naming places, landscapes, ri+ers, lakes * and the demarcation o territories and thereb! boundaries. -t is language that creates the acts hereI '&he topograph! o a place is not something there alread!, waiting to be described, constati+el!. -t is made, per ormati+el!, b! word or other signs, or e"ample, b! a song or a poem( (ibid. p. CPQ). .hile onl! the topographical turn ocuses on the representation orms o space, the topological turn mo+es the description o spatial structures, relations, positional concerns to the ore. Hoad maps, or instance, are no representation o a transport network in the topographical sense, but pro+ide in ormation on topological positional respects (c . >3nzel, CEE<, p. CCQ). &he algebrai ication o geometr! now allows or an abstraction o the graphic representation or the calculation o spatial relations. 4rnst 5assirer alread! detected this process in the case o $eibniz (5assirer, CEEQ, p. N<F)I
'2ie .iderspr3che, die sich aus Bewtons Begri des absoluten Haumes und der absoluten Ueit ergeben hatten, werden +on $eibniz dadurch beseitigt, daT er beide statt zu 2ingen, +ielmehr zu 6rdnungen macht. Haum und Ueit sind keine Substanzen, sondern +ielmehr ,reale Helationen,@ sie haben ihre wahrha te 6b7ekti+itSt in der ,.ahrheit +on Beziehungen,, nicht in irgendeiner absoluten .irklichkeit L&he contradictions which emerged rom Bewton,s notion o the absolute space and the absolute time are eradicated b! $eibniz in that he constitutes the two rather as s!stems than as things. &ime and space are not merel! substances but rather ,real relations,. &he! ha+e their +eracious ob7ecti+it! in the ,truth o relations, not in an! absolute truthM.(
:ere, the circle to $otman, who au fon3 designed the irst literar! topolog!, is closed. :e was interested in how literar! (cultural) applications o spatial models were implemented or non8spatial contentsI '2ie Sprache der rSumlichen Helationen ist eines der grundlegenden 9ittel zur 2eutung der .irklichkeit L&he language o spatial relations is one o the undamental means or interpreting realit!M( ($otman, ;FPC, p. D;D). -t contains the e"pressions or which 'rSumlich konkrete Sach+erhalte 3ber semiotische 6perationen als &rSger 3r nicht8 rSumliche Sach+erhalte ungieren Lspatial concrete circumstances act as carriers or non8 spatial circumstances +ia semiotic operationsM( (1rah ;FFF, p. N). -t is rom $otman,s literar! topolog! that the Aassau based literar! scholar :ans 1rah deri+es his classi ication scheme o a semiotics o space and di erentiates the geographical, topological, percepti+e, narrati+e and conceptional aspect in respect o its semanti ication and unctionalisation. &he metaphorical implementation o signs or spaces thereb! ser+es to depict non8spatial circumstances b! means o rhetorical strategies (c . ibid. p. N). &he di erent characteristics o the spatial turn or its conse)uences in literar! theor! ha+e there ore led to entirel! di erent perspecti+esI (i) the phenomenological perspecti+e traces the modalities o spatial relation, which are mani ested in sub7ecti+e attitudes o narrator and characters, and deduces space as product o human perception, which allows or conclusions concerning respecti+e e ecti+e social standards and cultural +alues@ (ii) the cartographical perspecti+e proceeds rom nameable relations o re erence between inner8 and outer8 literar! realit! and in that mis7udges the constructional character o space in literature@
). *. +. ,ess%-.ttich/ !patial Turn
www.meta8carto8semiotics.org This work is licensed under this Creative Commons License
'
(Vol. 5; 2012)
!!" 1#$#%1&#'
(iii) the topographical perspecti+e percei+es literar! space as imaginar! geograph!, which * similar to cultural geograph! * re ers to the constituti+e character o social practice and there ore detects the meaning o spatial relations or the distribution o knowledge, power, pre7udices, etc.@ (i+) the topological perspecti+e, on the other hand, bridges to the semiotic (and e+en rhetoric) tradition b! e"posing the structure o ,)uasi8spatial relations, and their meaning or literature and culture. -n other words, b! e"posing space as a sign s!stem illed with meaning upon which social realit! is constituted. -n light o a globalised world, in which cultures are merged, borders changed or abolished, communication paths interlinked, tra ic routes condensed, literar! theor! aces the challenge o ha+ing to deal with concepts o space, which ha+e been de+eloped outside its own tradition, i it stri+es to interpret spatial aspects o its sub7ect matter appropriatel!. 5urrent cultural geographical concepts o space, or one, in+ite to rede ine, or instance, the relationships o power, identit!, territorialit! in the anal!sis o colonial and postcolonial literature. :owe+er, one must be ac)uainted with the rele+ant conceptions in order to e+ade interdisciplinar! misunderstandings.
' Intersections (etween concepts of space: Cultural Geography vs. Te%tual &nalysis as loci of enunciation
-n the balance o tension between globalisation and regionalisation, +irtual dissolution o boundaries and sub8cultural distinction and e"clusion, homogenisation o li est!les and indi+idualisation o social practices new scopes arise or literature as '9edium kultureller Selbstauslegung La medium o cultural sel 8interpretationM(I '2ie Ybertragung sozialwissenscha tlicher und soziokultureller 9odelle au den Haum in der $iteratur heiTt da+on auszugehen, daT der Haum in Homanen ebenso mit seinen sozialen 5odierungen unktioniert wie der ph!sische Haum der HealitSt Lthe trans erence o socio8cultural models on space in literature implies that space in no+els with its social codi ications unctions in the same wa! as ph!sical space does in realit!M( (1rug, CEEN, p. ;D). 4+en i the transdisciplinar! notion o 'culture as te"t(, which is strongl! based on 5li ord >eertz, seems somewhat stressed b! now, it still inspires interdisciplinar! cooperation as in the construction o notions o space in geograph! and in the 'imaginati+e geograph!( o literar! iction or in the mediation o cultural world +iews b! 'secondar! model shaping s!stems( o aesthetic sign comple"es in the sense o $otman, whose notion o the literar! te"t as '/orm der kulturellen Selbstwahrnehmung und Selbstthematisierung La orm o cultural sel 8perception and sel 8thematisationM( (B3nning O Sommer, CEEN, p. CE) pro+es to still be rele+ant toda! (c . Bachmann89edick, CEEN, p. ;K;). So, the spatial turn in social geograph! allows to conceptualise )uestions o social coding, o position and identit!, o territorialisation and border crossing, in the medium o literature and to render them ertile or te"tual anal!sis (c . .3rzbach, CEE;, pp. ;EP ). .hile literar! theor! was able to tie on established philosophical, s!mbol8theoretical respecti+el! semiotic traditions (as or instance established b! 4rnst 5assirer), the e"tension o physical geography b! the ield o cultural geography re)uired a radical 'new thinking( and the sign8theoreticall! critical re lection o cartographic practise. 6nl! b! the 'culturalisation o spaces( the s!mbolic meaning and the linguistic8communicati+e pro3uction o spaces are mo+ed into ocus. 5on+ersel!, howe+er, there,s a warning against a 'spaci ication o culture(, when it risks changing 'Arodukte sozialer und kultureller >egebenheiten in scheinbar nat3rliche ,geographische >egebenheiten, L...MI sie also zu +erdinglichen und letztlich zu naturalisieren Lproducts o social and cultural realities into seemingl! natural ,geographic realities,, i3 est ob7ecti !ing and, in e ect, naturalising themM( ($ossau, CEEF, p. DC).
). *. +. ,ess%-.ttich/ !patial Turn
www.meta8carto8semiotics.org This work is licensed under this Creative Commons License
(Vol. 5; 2012)
!!" 1#$#%1&#'
&he pro7ection o ictionalised spaces on geographicall! real spaces (Z la Aiatti CEE<) ma! be suitable or a 'literatouristical illustration( (and ha+e a practical +alue or hikes ,on the tracks, o literar! authors and/or their oeu+re). :owe+er, it con irms the declaimed concern on parts o the culture geographical side that a thus understood spatial turn could well lead back to a long since bettered notion o ,geo8space,. &he critical re lection o a seemingl! ,ob7ecti+e, depiction o the ,geo8space, in mapping practice corresponds in contrast to a literar! topography, which similar to cultural geograph! s!stematicall! accommodates the social and cultural implications, which ha+e entered into the cartographic modelling, i.e. concei+es o literature 'als mediale Ara"is, LdieM in bestimmter .eise an der 1onstitution kultureller HSume 3berhaupt LmitwirktM Las a medial practise which contributes to the constitution o cultural spaces in a speci ic wa!M( (c . 23nne CEEK, p. PD). .ith e+en more consistenc!, the topological approach in the tradition o the &artuan school ollows the programme o interpreting, ,be!ond, traditional borders o disciplines, as it were, geo8scienti ic mapping and literar! iction as models o realit! o the respecti+e cultures with their inherent signi icati+e relations. -n the light o the e+er increasing comple"it! o a multidimensionall! linked8up world, the $otman impulses gain an une"pected renewed topicalit! or the dialogue between natural and cultural sciences, as, in all respect to the ob+ious structural, modal, unctional di erence )ualities between geo8scienti ic and literar! perception o the ,real world,, it remains e)uall! undisputed that 'alles, was im &e"t nicht ausdr3cklich als +erschieden +on der wirklichen .elt erwShnt oder beschrieben wird, muT als 3bereinstimmend mit den >esetzen und Bedingungen der wirklichen .elt +erstanden werden Le+er!thing not e"plicitl! mentioned or described as di erent rom the real world, must be understood as concordant with the laws and conditions o the real worldM( (4co, ;FFN, p. ;;C).
). *eferences
0ssmann, 0. (CEEF). >eschichte indet Stadt. -n 9. 5s[k! O 5. $eitgeb (4ds.), 8ommuni9ation % 6e3;chtnis % @aum/ 8ultur=issenschaften nach 3emEF!patial TurnG (pp. ;D8C<). Biele eldI &ranscript. Bachmann89edick, 2. (CEEN). 1ultur als &e"tW $iteratur8 und 1ulturwissenscha ten 7enseits des &e"tmodells. -n 0. B3nning O H. Sommer (4ds.), 8ultur=issenschaftliche -iteratur=issenschaft/ 1is<iplin;re 7ns;t<e % Theoretische >ositionen % Trans3is<iplin;re >erspe9ti5en (pp. ;NP8;QE). &3bingenI Barr. Bachmann89edick, 2. (CEEP). Cultural Turns/ "euorientierungen in 3en 8ultur=issenschaften (Cnd ed.). HeinbekI Howohlt. Berghahn, 2. (;F<F). @aum3arstellung im englischen @oman 3er 4o3erne. /rank urt am 9ainI Aeter $ang. Bobek, :., O Schmith3sen, #. (;FNF). 2ie $andscha t im logischen S!stem der >eographie. )r39un3e, &(C8D), ;;C8;CE. BRhme, :. (CEEF). 1ulturwissenscha t. -n S. >3nzel (4d.), @aum=issenschaften (;Eth ed., pp. ;F;8CEP). /rank urt am 9ainI Suhrkamp. BRhme, :. (4d.). (CEEK). Topographien 3er -iteratur. 1eutsche -iteratur im transnationalen 8onteDt. StuttgartI 9etzler. Bollnow, 6. /. (CEEN). 4ensch un3 @aum (;Eth ed.). StuttgartI 1ohlhammer. Bourdieu, A. (CEEC). 6rtse ekte. -n A. Bourdieu (4d.), 1as )len3 3er *elt. Heugnisse un3 1iagnosen allt;glichen -ei3ens an 3er 6esellschaft (Cnd ed., pp. ;KF8;QF). 1onstanzI ?ni+ersitSts+erlag 1onstanz.
(Vol. 5; 2012)
!!" 1#$#%1&#'
5assirer, 4. (CEEQ). L;FD;M. 9!thischer, Ssthetischer und theoretischer Haum. -n S. >3nzel O #. 23nne (4ds.), @aumtheorie/ 6run3lagenteDte aus >hilosophie un3 8ultur=issenschaften (pp. N<K8KE;). /rank urt am 9ainI Suhrkamp. 2Rring, #. (CEE<). 2istant Heading. Uur >eographie der &opon!me in Berlin8Arosa seit ;F<F. Heitschrift f.r 6ermanisti9, 1#(D), KFQ8QCE. 2Rring, #., O &hielmann, &. (4ds.). (CEE<). !patial Turn. 1as @aumpara3igma in 3en 8ultur% un3 !o<ial=issenschaften. Biele eldI &ranscript. 23nne, #. (CEEK). 2ie 1arte als imaginierter ?rsprung. Uur r3hneuzeitlichen 1onkurrenz +on te"tueller und kartographischer Haumkonstitution in den 0merica8Heisen &heodor de Br!s. -n :. BRhme (4d.), Topographien 3er -iteratur. 1eutsche -iteratur im transnationalen 8onteDt (pp. PD8FF). StuttgartI 9etzler. 23rckheim, 1. >. (CEEK). L;<FQM. Intersuchungen <um gele0ten @aum (\ Batur * Haum * >esellscha t N, ed. #. :asse), /rank urt am 9ainI -nstitut 3r 2idaktik der >eographie. 4co, ?. (;FFN). m *al3 3er 2i9tionen/ !echs !treif<.ge 3urch 3ie -iteratur . 93nchenI :anser. /ischer, 1. (CEE<). .ege zu einer Barratologie des Haumes. -n 2. $ambauer, 9. -. Schlinzig, O 0. 2unn (4ds.), 2rom 4agic Columns to Cy0erspace. Time an3 !pace in 6erman -iterature( 7rt( an3 Theory (pp. ;KF8;PP). 93nchenI 9eidenbauer. >arz, 2., O 1raimer, 1. (4ds.). (;FFN). 1ie *elt als TeDt. Theorie( 8riti9 un3 >raDis 3er o0Je9ti5en ,ermeneuti9. /rank urt am 9ainI Suhrkamp. >enske, 2., :ess8$3ttich, 4. .. ., O :uch, 9. (4ds.). (CEEP). 8artographie 3es Verh.llten. +r.c9enschl;ge <=ischen "atur% un3 8ultur=issenschaften : Cartography of the 1isguise3. +ri3ging !cience an3 ,umanities. (\ Special -ssue o 1odikas/5ode. 0n -nternational #ournal o Semiotics &0 (D8N)), &3bingenI Barr. >idden 0. (;F<Q)I The Constitution of !ociety. Kutline of the Theory of !tructuration. Berkele!I ?ni+ersit! o 5ali ornia Aress >3nzel, S. (CEE<). Spatial &urn * topographical turn * topological turn. Yber die ?nterschiede zwischen Haumparadigmen. -n #. 2Rring O &. &hielmann (4ds.), !patial Turn. 1as @aumpara3igma in 3en 8ultur% un3 !o<ial=issenschaften (pp. C;F8CDP). Biele eldI &ranscript. :ard, >. (4d.). (CEEC). -an3schaft un3 @aum. 7ufs;t<e <ur Theorie 3er 6eographie (Gol. ;). 6snabr3ckI Hasch. :ess8$3ttich, 4. .. (;F<N). 9edium * ArozeT * -llusion. Uur rationalen Hekonstruktion der Ueichenlehre $essings im $aokoon. -n >. >ebauer (4d.), 1as -ao9oon%>roJe9t. >l;ne einer semiotischen Lstheti9 (pp. ;ED8;DQ). StuttgartI 9etzler. :ess8$3ttich, 4. .. (;FF<). &e"t SpaceI :olistic &e"tsW -n 4. .. :ess8$3ttich, #. 93ller, O 0. +an Uoest (4ds.), !igns M !pace @aum M Heichen (pp. DN;8DK;). &3bingenI Barr. :ess8$3ttich, 4. .., 93ller, #., O +an Uoest, 0. (4ds.). (;FF<). !igns M !pace @aum M Heichen (\ 1odikas/5ode Supplement Series CD). &3bingenI Barr. :o mann, >. (;FP<). @aum( !ituation( er<;hlte *ir9lich9eit/ >oetologische un3 historische !tu3ien <um englischen un3 ameri9anischen @oman. StuttgartI 9etzler. #ameson, /. (;F<Q). Aostmoderne * zur $ogik der 1ultur im SpStkapitalismus. -n 0. :u!ssen O 1. H. Scherpe (4ds.), >ostmo3erne. Heichen eines 9ulturellen *an3els (pp. NK8;EC). HeinbekI Howohlt. #ameson, /. (;FF;). >ostmo3ernism( Kr( the Cultural -ogic of -ate Capitalism. $ondonI Gerso. 1no", A. $., O 9arston, S. 0. (CEE;). ,umangeographie. :eidelberg, BerlinI Spektrum 0kademischer Gerlag. 1rah, :. (;FFF). HSume, >renzen, >renz3berschreitung. 8o3i9as:Co3e. 7n international Journal of !emiotics, 22(;8C), D8;C. 1rug, 9. (CEEN). 7uf 3er !uche nach 3em eigenen @aum/ Topographien 3es *ei0lichen im @oman 5on 7utorinnen um 1#00. .3rzburgI 1Rnigshausen O Beumann. $ippuner, H. (CEEK). @aum % !ysteme % >ra9ti9en. Hum Verh;ltnis 5on 7lltag( *issenschaft un3 6eographie. StuttgartI Steiner.
10
(Vol. 5; 2012)
!!" 1#$#%1&#'
$ossau, #. (CEEF). HSume +on Bedeutung. Spatial turn, cultural turn und 1ulturgeographie. -n 9. 5s[k! O 5. $eitgeb (4ds.), 8ommuni9ation % 6e3;chtnis % @aum/ 8ultur=issenschaften nach 3emEF!patial TurnG (pp. CF8NN). Biele eldI &ranscript. $ossau, #., O $ippuner, H. (CEEN). >eographie und spatial turn. )r39un3e, 5#(D), CE;8C;;. $otman, #. 9. (;FPC). 1ie !tru9tur literarischer TeDte. 93nchenI /ink. 9asse!, 2. (;FFF). Ahilosoph! and politics o spatialit!I some considerations. -n 2. 9asse! (4d.), >o=er% 6eometries an3 the >olitics of !pace%Time, (\:ettner8$ectures C) (pp. CP8NQ). :eidelbergI 2epartment o >eograph!, ?ni+ersit! o :eidelberg. 9iller, #. :. (;FFK). Topographies. Stan ordI Stan ord ?ni+ersit! Aress. 9oretti, /. (;FF<). 7tlante 3el roman<o europeo (1#00%1B00). &orinoI 4inaudi. B3nning, 0, O Sommer, H. (CEEN). 1ulturwissenscha tliche $iteraturwissenscha t. 2isziplinSre 0nsStze * &heoretische Aositionen * &ransdisziplinSre Aerspekti+en. -n 0. B3nning O H. Sommer (4ds.), 8ultur=issenschaftliche -iteratur=issenschaft/ 1is<iplin;re 7ns;t<e % Theoretische >ositionen % Trans3is<iplin;re >erspe9ti5en (pp. F8DC). &3bingenI Barr. Aiatti, B. (CEE<). 1ie 6eographie 3er -iteratur/ !chaupl;t<e( ,an3lungsr;ume( @aumphantasien . >RttingenI .allstein. Hitter, 0. (4d.). (;FPK). -an3schaft un3 @aum in 3er )r<;hl9unst. 2armstadtI .issenscha tliche Buchgesellscha t. So7a 4. .. (;F<F)I >ostmo3ern 6eographies. The @eassertion of !pace in Critical !ocial Theory. $ondonI Gerso Stockhammer, H. (CEEK). Gerortung. 2ie 9acht der 1artographie und die $iteratur. -n H. Stockhammer (4d.), Topo6raphien 3er 4o3erne. 4e3ien <ur @epr;sentation un3 8onstru9tion 5on @;umen (pp. D;F8DNE). 93nchenI /ink. Stockhammer, H. (4d.). (CEEK). Topo6raphien 3er 4o3erne. 4e3ien <ur @epr;sentation un3 8onstru9tion 5on @;umen. 93nchenI /ink. .ardenga, ?., O :Rnsch, -. (4ds.). (;FFK). 8ontinuit;t un3 1is9ontinuit;t 3er 1eutschen 6eographie in Im0ruchphasen/ !tu3ien <ur 6eschichte 3er 6eographie . 93nstersche >eographische 0rbeiten (Gol. DF). 93nsterI -nstitut 3r >eographie. .eigel, S. (CEEC). Uum ,topographical turn,. 1artographie, &opographie und Haumkonzepte in den 1ulturwissenscha ten. 8ultur>oeti9 2(C), ;K;8;QK .erlen, B. (CEEN). !o<ialgeographie/ )ine )inf.hrung (Cnd ed.). BernI :aupt. .3rzbach, B. (CEE;). 4rzShlter HaumI /iktionaler Baustein, kultureller SinntrSger, 0usdruck der >eschlechterordnung. -n #. :elbig (4d.), )r<;hlen un3 )r<;hltheorie im 20. Jahrhun3ert/ 2estschrift f.r *ilhelm 2.ger (pp. ;EK8;CF). :eidelbergI ?ni+ersitSts+erlag .inter.
11