FINAL EXAMINATION

JAN 2011



COURSE: EAB/EBB1113/FCM1023 DIFFERENTIAL
EQUATIONS
DATE:
TIME: 3 hours


INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
1. Answer All questions in the Answer Booklet.
2. Begin EACH answer on a new page.
3. Indicate clearly answers that are cancelled, if any.
4. Where applicable, show clearly steps taken in arriving at the solutions
and indicate ALL assumptions, if any.
5. Do not open this Question Booklet until instructed.

Note: There are NINE (9) pages in this Question Booklet including the cover
page and appendix.

Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS


EAB/EBB1113/FCM1023
2


1. a. Find the implicit solution of
x xy
y
dx
dy
3
4

= .

[5 marks]

b. Find an integrating factor to solve the initial value problem.
. 4
2
; 5 cot
cos
= |

\
|
= +

y e y
d
dy


[7 marks]

c. Find an appropriate integrating factor to solve the non-exact
equation
0 ) (
2 2
= + + + dy xy dx x y x .

[8 marks]









EAB/EBB1113/FCM1023
3
2. a. Prove that the following equation is homogeneous and solve it.

. 0 cos cos sin = + |

\
|
dy
x
y
x dx
x
y
y
x
y
x
[8 marks]

b. Using an appropriate substitution, solve the initial value problem


0 2
4
= + + xy xy
dx
dy
.
[8 marks]

c. Show that
2
3
3
2
2
1
, ,

= = = x y x y x y are linearly independent.


[4 marks]













EAB/EBB1113/FCM1023
4
3. a. Solve the initial value problem

1 ) 0 ( , 0 ) 0 ( , 1 ) 0 ( ; 0 12
2
2
3
3
= = = = y y y
dx
dy
dx
y d
dx
y d
.
[10 marks]

b. Solve the differential equation


x
e x y y x y x
4 2
2 2 = + .
[10 marks]























EAB/EBB1113/FCM1023
5
4. a. Find two power series solutions of 0 2 2
2
= + xy y x y about the
ordinary point . 0 = x
[10 marks]

b. Evaluate

i. { }
2 2 2
) 4 (
t t
e e t L
[3 marks]

ii.
)
`

+
+

2 2
1
) 1 (
1 2
s s
s
L
[3 marks]

iii.
)
`

+ +

34 6
2
2
1
s s
s
L .
[4 marks]

















EAB/EBB1113/FCM1023
6
5. a. Use Laplace transform to solve the initial value problem


t y y y + = + 1 5 2 , . 4 ) 0 ( , 0 ) 0 ( = = y y
[8 marks]

b. Sketch the graph of the following function of period 2

and find its
Fourier series.

<
<
=
x

x
x f
2
, 1
2 2
,
2

2
- 1, -
) (

[12 marks]

END OF PAPER
















EAB/EBB1113/FCM1023
7
APPENDIX 1: ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Reducible to Exact where 0 ) , ( ) , ( = + dy y x N dx y x M
i.
N
N M
p
x y

=

is a function of x

only, then

=
dx x p
e x
) (
) ( .

ii.
M
M N
p
y x

=

is a function of y only, then

=
dy y p
e y
) (
) (

Reduction of Order: 0 ) ( ) ( = + + y x q y x p y , then dx
x y
pdx
e
x y y

=

) (
2
1
) (
1 2


Annihilators Approach
The differential operator
n
D annihilates each of the functions
1 3 2
,........ , , , 1
n
x x x x . The differential operator
n
D ) ( annihilates each of
the functions
x n x x x
e x e x xe e
1 2
,...., , ,

.
The differential operator ( ) [ ]
n
D D
2 2 2
2 + + annihilates each of the
functions: x e x x e x x xe x e
x n x x x


cos ....., , cos , cos , cos
1 2


x e x x e x x xe x e
x n x x x


sin ....., , sin , sin , sin
1 2


Variation of Parameters Consider ) ( ) ( ) ( x f x q y x p y = + +
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (
2 1
x y x v x y x u x y
p
+ = where

= dx
y y W
x f y
u
) , (
) (
2 1
2
and

= dx
y y W
x f y
v
) , (
) (
2 1
1
.

Fourier Series
The following trigonometric series is called the Fourier series of function
) (x f with period . 2L p =
) sin cos (
2 1
0
L
x n
b
L
x n
a
a
n
n
n

+ +

=
.

The Fourier coefficients are
EAB/EBB1113/FCM1023
8

dx
L
L
x f
L
a

= ) (
1
0


dx
L
L
L
x n
x f
L
n
a

= ) cos( ) (
1
, n = 1, 2, 3,

dx
L
L
L
x n
x f
L
n
b

= ) sin( ) (
1
, n = 1, 2, 3, .

Some trigonometric relations
b a b a b a sin sin cos cos ) cos( = +
b a b a b a sin sin cos cos ) cos( + =
a b b a b a sin cos sin cos ) sin( + = +
a b b a b a sin cos sin cos ) sin( =

Laplace Transforms of Some Basic Functions

1. { } s L / 1 1 =

2. { } = =
+
, 3 , 2 , 1 ,
!
1
n
s
n
t L
n
n

3. { }
a s
e L
at

=
1
,
4. { }
2 2
sin
k s
k
kt L
+
= ,
5. { }
2 2
cos
k s
s
kt L
+
= ,
6. { }
2 2
sinh
k s
k
kt L

= ,
7. { }
2 2
cosh
k s
s
kt L

= .


EAB/EBB1113/FCM1023
9
Laplace Transforms of Derivatives

i. ( ) { } ( ) ( ) 0 f s sF t f L = .
ii. ( ) { } ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 0
2
f sf s F s t f L = .
iii. ( ) { } ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 0 0
2 3
f f s f s s F s t f L = .

Unit Step Function
( )

<
=
. , 1
, 0 , 0
a t
a t
a t U
First Translation Theorem
If ( ) ( ) { } t f L s F = and a is any real number, then ( ) { } ( ) a s F e L t f
at
=

Second Translation Theorem

If ( ) ( ) { } t f L s F = and 0 > a , then ( ) ( ) { } ( ) s F e a t U a t f L
as
= .
( ) ( ) { } t f L s F = and 0 > a , then ( ) ( ) { } ( ) s F e a t U a t f L
as
= .