Code No: RR322104

Set No. 1

III B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2006 COMPUTATIONAL AERODYNAMICS-II (Aeronautical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks 1. (a) Compare studies over an airfoil through computational aerodynamics with that in a wind tunnel for variations in Reynolds number and Mach number. Look into all aspects and comment on the quality and economy of the procedure and time factor involved. (b) It is desired to examine the aerodynamics and heat transfer in the engine compartment of an automobile.Discuss the experimental and computational aerodynamics in this regard. [16] 2. The partial dierential equation depicting conservation of mass as + .( ) =0 t is one form of the equation of continuity in uid dynamics. Derive it from the rst principle. Put this equation in other forms known in the dynamics of uid. Present your work. [16] 3. Consider the conservation form of equations of motion in uid mechanics. How do these equations dier from the non-conservation form of these equations? Hence explain dierences between integral and dierential forms of equations. [16] 4. The boundary layer equations in compressible ows are given below (u) v) Continuity + ( =0 x y x momentum y momentum Energy
e u u + v u = dp + x y dx

u y
u y 2

p y

=0
y

h + v h = u x y

k T y

e + u dp + dx

Establish the type of partial dierential equations for this type of boundary layer ow. [16] 5. Consider a hyperbolic partial dierential equation .Explain the terms; characteristics, Region of inuence, and Domain of dependence. Illustrate with a problem from steady, inviscid ow that hyperbolic partial dierential equations are set up for problems involving marching solutions. [16] 6. Consider the function (x, y ) = ex + ey .Consider the point (x,y) =(1,1).Use rst order forward dierences, with x=y =0.025, to calculate approximate values of and at (1,1).Calculate the percentage dierence when compared with the x y exact solution at (1,1). [16]
= x a(x) u , a(x) = 0 with nite dierence 7. Show that solution of p.d.e. u t x k approximation on a rectangular mesh (x=mh ,t=nk, m,n are integers,r= h 2 ) is rh n+1 n n n n n given by Um = (1 2ra)Um + ra(Um+1 + Um1 ) + 2 a (Um+1 Um1 ). [16]

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Code No: RR322104

Set No. 1

8. What are the principles, capabilities and utilities of structured grid .Consider the domain ABCD bounded by the lines x=0.5; y =0; x=-0.5 and the circular arc 1 y y = (1 x2 ) 2 and the transformation = (1 , = x + 0.5 .Obtain the body x2 ) conforming grid. [16]

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Code No: RR322104

Set No. 2

III B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2006 COMPUTATIONAL AERODYNAMICS-II (Aeronautical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks 1. (a) Compare studies over an airfoil through computational aerodynamics with that in a wind tunnel for variations in Reynolds number and Mach number. Look into all aspects and comment on the quality and economy of the procedure and time factor involved. (b) It is desired to examine the aerodynamics and heat transfer in the engine compartment of an automobile.Discuss the experimental and computational aerodynamics in this regard. [16] 2. Obtain the Navier -Stokes equations of motion in uid mechanics by considering the motion of an innitesimal small uid element. Identify body forces and surface forces. Hence write down the complete equation of motion in vector and long hand. [16] 3. What is the signicance of Integral and dierential form of the equations of uid dynamics? Explain by giving examples from applications to various problems. Hence discuss the utility of conservation and non-conservation form of equations. [16] 4. Prandtls boundary layer equations in 2-dimensions are given below (u) v) Continuity + ( =0 x y x momentum y momentum Energy
e u u + v u = dp + x y dx

u y
u y 2

p y

=0
y

h + v h = u x y

k T y

e + u dp + dx

Establish the type of partial dierential equations for boundary layer ow.

[16]

5. How is an elliptic partial dierential equation dierent from a parabolic and hyperbolic type of equations? Comment upon the domain of integration in this case vis-a-vis the other types of equations. Consider the Poissons equation and explain. [16] 6. Consider the function (x, y ) = ex + ey .Consider the point (x,y) =(1,1).Use rst order forward dierences, with x=y =0.01 , to calculate approximate values of and at (1,1).Calculate the percentage dierence when compared with the x y exact solution at (1,1). [16]
u = over a rectangular mesh (x=mh ,t=nk, 7. Finite dierence approximation of u t x2 k n+1 n n n m,n are integers,r= h2 ) is represented by Um = (1 2r )Um + r (Um +1 + Um1 )with
2

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Code No: RR322104

Set No. 2

2nd order terms.Using Taylor series expansion, obtain the principal part of the local truncation error. [16] 8. Consider a 2-D ow in the physical space with independent variables (x, y, t) . The transformation = (x, y, t), = (x, y, t) and = (t) , maps the variables from physical space to transformed space. Hence transform the equation of continuity + (V ) = 0 from physical space to the transformed space. Present your work. t [16]

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Code No: RR322104

Set No. 3

III B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2006 COMPUTATIONAL AERODYNAMICS-II (Aeronautical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks 1. (a) Why should Computational aerodynamics be termed Numerical experiments? Explain the basis with one example. (b) Explain with one convincing example the impact of CFD on the problems of aerodynamics of road vehicles. [16] 2. Make use of the rst law of thermodynamics by applying it to an innitesimally small uid element moving with the ow to obtain the energy equation in terms of the internal energy. [16] 3. How are the conservation and non-conservation forms of the equations of uid dynamics dierent from each other in application to the problems of Computational Aerodynamics? Hence show with examples signicance of integral and dierential form of these equations. [16]
T = , represents unsteady thermal conduc4. The partial dierential equation T t x2 tion in 1-Dimension. Work out the type of partial dierential equation [16]
2

5. How is an elliptic partial dierential equation dierent from a parabolic and hyperbolic type of equations? Comment upon the domain of integration in this case vis-a-vis the other types of equations. Consider the Poissons equation and explain. [16] 6. Prow that an expression for 2nd order central dierence expression for the mixed u u 1 ui1,j +1 +ui1,,j 1 2u derivative,is xy + O [(x)2 , (y )2] can be = i+1,j+1 i+1,j 4xy
i,j

obtained.
2

[16]

u 7. Consider the nite dierence approximation of u = over a rectangular mesh t x2 k (x=mh ,t=nk, m,n are integers,r= h ).where the Taylor series expansion is taken 2 about (mh ,k(n+1/2) . Obtain the approximation and L.T.E. [16]

8. The Thompson scheme for generating grids is based upon the following equations ; xx + yy = P (, ) , xx + yy = Q(, ) ; where (, ) represent coordinates in the computational domain and P and Q are terms which control the point spacing in the interior of the domain. Derive the computational domain equations. [16]

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Code No: RR322104

Set No. 4

III B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2006 COMPUTATIONAL AERODYNAMICS-II (Aeronautical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks 1. (a) Why should Computational aerodynamics be termed Numerical experiments in the discipline of aerodynamics? Explain the basis with one example. (b) Explain with one solid example the impact of CFD on the problems of aerodynamics of road vehicles. [16] 2. Apply the rst law of thermodynamics to an innitesimally small uid element moving with the ow to obtain the energy equation in terms of the internal energy. [16] 3. Explain the signicance of Integral and dierential form of the equations of uid dynamics by giving examples from applications to various problems. Hence discuss the utility of conservation and non-conservation form of equations. [16]
T = , represents unsteady thermal conduc4. The partial dierential equation T t x2 tion in 1-Dimension. Bring out the type of partial dierential equation.
2

5. Find the characteristics of p.d.e. given by

2u x2

u + 4 xy +

2u y 2

=0

[16] [16]

6. Obtain the dierence approximation for mixed partial derivatives u ui1,j ui+1,j +1 ui+1,j 2u 1 i1,j+1 + O [(x)2 , y ] = 2 xy x y y
i,j

n+1 n n n 7. Um = (1 2ra)Um + ra(Um +1 + Um1 ) gives nite dierence approximation of 2 u u = a(x) , a(x) = 0 over a rectangular mesh (x=mh ,t=nk, m,n are integers,r= t x2 k ).Obtain the local error. [16] h2

8. Consider a 2-D ow in the physical space with independent variables (x, y, t) . The transformation = (x, y, t), = (x, y, t) and = (t) , maps the variables from physical space to transformed space. Hence transform the equation of continuity + (V ) = 0 from physical space to the transformed space. Present your work. t [16]

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