You are on page 1of 10

GAZI UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING EM305 ELECTRIC MACHINERY EXPERIMENT 4

INDUCTION MOTOR TORQUE vs. SPEED CHARACTERISTICS; THE EFFECT OF STATOR VOLTAGE AND ADDED ROTOR RESISTANCE
A THE O!"ECTIVES OF THE EXPERIMENT 1) To obtain the torque vs. speed characteristics of a wound-rotor induction motor. Operation of an induction machine as a motor, brake and generator will be considered. The variation of the input power factor and stator current for these modes of operation will be observed as well. 2) To measure the torque vs. speed characteristics for the motoring region with e ternal resistances connected to the rotor winding, and to investigate the effect of the added rotor resistance on the characteristics. ! THEORY The appro imate torque equation of the induction motor can be derived from the equivalent circuit!

1 T= s

$V12 #r1 + r2" 2 " 2 ) + # x1 + x 2 ) s

r2" s

#1)

The general shape of the torque-speed or torque-slip curve is shown in %ig.1. &otor region #'(s( 1), generator region #s(') and brake region #s) 1) are, also marked in the same figure for completeness. *f #1) is differentiated with respect to s, the slip value at which ma imum torque occurs s &+,T can be found!
s MAXT = r2"
" 2 r12 + # x1 + x 2 )

#2)

The corresponding ma imum torque is obtained from -q. #1)!


TMAX = 1..V12 1 " 2 s r1 + r12 + # x1 + x 2 )

#$)

%rom -quation #1) it can be seen that torque is proportional to the square of input voltage. *nvestigation of -quations #2) and #$) reveals that rotor resistance r2 has no effect on T&+,,

EM305 Electric Machinery (Experiment 4)

whereas sT&+, is directl/ proportional to r2. Therefore, b/ changing the rotor resistance, the slip at which T&+, occurs can be varied without affecting the magnitude of ma imum torque. The effects of stator voltage and added rotor resistance are shown in %ig. 2. 0ince, b/ var/ing the stator voltage or adding resistance to the rotor, the torque vs. speed characteristics can be changed, these two methods can be used for speed control. This is also shown in %ig. 2 for a fan-load torque-speed characteristics. 1ere, the load torque, T2, also varies with speed. 3oints at which machine torque vs. speed characteristics intersect the load torque vs. speed characteristics are the possible operating points of the machine. %rom %ig. 2 it is evident that the operating points shift to new positions for different values of rotor resistance or stator voltage even though the load sta/s the same. C PROCEDURE 1) &ake the dc machine #separatel/ e cited) connections as shown in %ig. $. +nd record the initial torquemeter reading. 2) 0tart the dc motor. #0ee +dendum for the procedure). +ppl/ a small amount of dc voltage to the armature of the dc machine and observe its direction of rotation. Then, stop the dc machine b/ turning off the dc power suppl/ #0ee +ddendum for the procedure). $) &ake the induction motor connections as shown in %igure 4. &ake sure that the rotor windings are shorted.. 4) +ppl/ a small amount of voltage #1.' 5) to the stator of the induction machine #0ee +dendum for the procedure) and observe its direction. &ake sure that the induction machine rotates in the same direction as the dc machine did in part 2. *f not, change the phase sequence of an/ two terminals of the induction machine to change the direction of the rotation. +d6ust the stator voltage to 1.' 5. .) 7hile the induction machine is rotating, turn on the field power switch of the dc machine and ad6ust the field current to '.. +. +lso, turn on the armature suppl/ switch and ad6ust the armature voltage to 1.' 5. 8) +ppl/ electrical energ/ to the dc machine b/ turning the 9: starter all the wa/ to right until it locks. ;ow, both the dc machine and induction machine have electrical energ/ sources connected to them. <) ;ow, decrease the field current of the dc machine #b/ the e citation suppl/ of the dc machine) graduall/ until the speed of the induction motor is 18.' rpm. =) #*n this test, the induction and the dc machines are operating as motor and generator, respectivel/) *ncrease the field current of the dc machine in steps so that the speed of induction motor is reduced from 18.' rpm down to 1$2. rpm, recording at each step the speed, the line current of induction motor, the wattmeter and the torquemeter readings #>emember the T-7 characteristics of induction motor and be careful about the polarit/ of torque. *f necessar/ ask /our instructor). # $%&' IL $A P $, T $N' ()50 ()00 (550 (500 (450 (400 (3*5 (350 (3+5

?) @ring the variac voltage to Aero. 0top the dc machine. Turn off all the switches.

EM305 Electric Machinery (Experiment 4)

1') >econnect the dc machine as shown in %igure .. +lso, connect series resistors to the rotor windings as shown in %igure 8. 11) Turn on the main power. Beep the field voltage switch off. 12) 0tart the induction motor and ad6ust its voltage to 1.' 5. @ring the rotor resistance selector back to 'C. Turn on the e citation voltage suppl/. This is the minimum load condition for the induction motor #wh/D). @/ ad6usting the field current Estarts with Aero- of the dc generator decrease the speed of the motor graduall/ to 4'' rpm, recording at each step the speed, the line current of induction motor, the wattmeter and torquemeter readings. Torque measurements must have positive valueF *f not change the set-up configuration of induction motor and the voltmeter and ammeterGs polarit/ of the armature part of dc motor. The line current have to be below rated current for safet/. 0o ask /our instructor for the minimum speed of induction motor for parts 12,1$,14,1.. Vs-(50 V #'./# $%&' IL $A P $, T $N'
#'0#-+00

1$) >epeat part #12) at a stator voltage of 12. 5, recording onl/ the speed and the torque of the machine. Vs-(+5 V #'./# $%&' T $N'
#'0#-+00

14) 0et the stator voltage to 1.' 5 line-to-line. @ring the rotor resistance selector to .'C. The resistance inserted to the rotor circuit for this case is equal to about ? ohm #measure resistance with avometer). >epeat part 12. Vs-(50 V; R%1502 #'./# $%&' T $N'

#'0#-+00

1.) 9isconnect the rotor resistance connection. *n this part use resistive load banks #set the added rotor resistance 24 or 4= ohm) for added rotor resistance. Hse %igure <. >epeat 3art 12. Vs-(50 V; R%13.2 #'./# $%&' T $N'
#'0#-+00

18) Turn off the supplies. &easure the self rotor resistance of induction motor #not the added rotor resistance).

EM305 Electric Machinery (Experiment 4)

D RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS 1) :alculate the input power factor for each step of the tests with the short circuited rotor. 2) 3lot the torque vs. speed characteristics of the induction machine for speeds from 18'' rpm to 1$.' rpm. Hse the data obtained in 3art = of the e periment. $) 3lot the values of stator power, power factor and line current against speed obtained from the tests with the short circuited rotor over the whole speed range. Hse the data obtained in 3art 12 of the e periment. 4) 3lot, the torque vs. speed characteristics of the induction motor for the stator voltage of 1.' 5 and 12. 5 for the cases of shorted rotor windings #3art 12 and 3art 1$ of the e periment). .) 3lot, the torque vs. speed characteristics of the induction motor for the stator voltage of 1.' 5 for the cases with and without e ternal resistance cases #3art 12, 3art 14 and 3art 1. of the e periment). 8) %ind the values of starting current and torque of the induction motor at rated voltage for two different casesF with and without an e ternal resistance. %rom the characteristics that /ou have plotted. <) 9iscuss briefl/ the effectiveness of added rotor resistance and stator voltage as a means of speed control, and their effectiveness in reducing the starting current of induction motors. =) :ompare the values of starting current and torque found in part #8). ?) - plain wh/ torque measured b/ torquemeter is not the same with the torque calculated from the powerIspeed relation. A445#46'1 P%78546%5 97 s9.%9 9:5 DC M.8:0#51 *nitiall/ all the switches should be in the O%% position. a) 0et the '-22' 5 9: 0uppl/ :@- to ='C. b) 0et the '-22' 5 - citation 0uppl/ :@- to .'C. c) 0et the %ield >egulator to 'C #minimum resistance). ;ow, turn the mains switch O;, and push the 0upplies >eset button. d) Turn '-22' 5 9: 0uppl/ #+rmature) :@- O;. e) Turn '-22' 5 - citation 0uppl/ :@- O;. f) %irml/ grasp the 9: starter and turn it all the wa/ to right, until /ou feel that it is locked. P%78546%5 97 s97& 9:5 DC M.8:0#51 Turn the dc motor starter to left #release). Then shut down all the switches and set the switches to 'C positions. Turn off the main power switch. P%78546%5 97 s9.%9 9:5 I#468907# M.8:0#51 a) *nitiall/ all the switches must be off. b) Turn on the main power switch and and push the 0upplies >eset button. c) 3ush the start button of +: power.

EM305 Electric Machinery (Experiment 4)

Torque

@rake &otor nJ' 0J1

nJns 0J' Kenerator

0peed #slip)

%igure 1. Torque-0peed :urve of an *nduction &achine

increasing r2 T&+, T2 T&+, decreasing 51 T2

0lip #s) 1 ' 1 s&+,T '

0lip #s)

%igure 2. *nduction &otor Torque-0lip :urves! #a) -ffect of added rotor resistance, #b) -ffect of stator voltage variation.

EM305 Electric Machinery (Experiment 4)

9: &achine ;m

>3&

9isk @rake ;m

5 '-22' 5 9: 0H332L '-22' 5 9: -,:MT+T*O;

7 >OTO> >-0*0T+;:-

5
O5->03--9 %*,-9 91 9$ %1 2N + % 221 21 5 5+>*+@2H +1

* 3 5

H1 51 71 H2 52 72

2 03--9 07*T:1 H1 52 71

+2I@1 @2 92 0->*-0 %2 01H;T 2O+9 >-0*0TO> %*-29 >-KH2+TO>

9: 0T+>T-> ; 1 12< 5 22 7 '-$' 5 9: 0H332L H2 52 72 0T+>I9-2T+ 07*T:1

2 22' 5 $ 22' 5

DC MACHINE

AC SUPPLIES

%igure $

EM305 Electric Machinery (Experiment 4)

9:

>3&

9isk @rake ;m

5 '-22' 5 9: 0H332L '-22' 5 9: -,:MT+T*O;

>OTO> >-0*0T+;:H 5 7

5
O5->03--9 %*,-9 91 9$ %1 2N + % 221 21 5+>*+@2-

* 3 5

H1 51 71 H2 52 72

H +1

2 03--9 07*T:1 5 H1 52 71

9: 0T+>T-> +2I@1 @2 92 0->*-0 %2 01H;T 2O+9 >-0*0TO> %*-29 >-KH2+TO> ; 1 12< 5 22 7 '-$' 5 9: 0H332L H2 52 72 0T+>I9-2T+ 07*T:1

2 22' 5 $ 22' 5

DC MACHINE

AC SUPPLIES

%>O& $ 5+>*+: H 5 7 H1 51 71

0T+TO> H2 52 72

%igure 4 EM305 Electric Machinery (Experiment 4)

7oud >otor *nduction &achine

>OTO>

<

9: &achine ;m
+ +

>3&

9isk @rake ;m

5 '-22' 5 9: 0H332L '-22' 5 9: -,:MT+T*O;

7 >OTO> >-0*0T+;:-

5
O5->03--9 %*,-9 91 9$ %1 2N + % 221 21 5 5+>*+@2H +1

* 3 5

H1 51 71 H2 52 72

2 03--9 07*T:1 H1 52 71

+2I@1 @2 92 0->*-0 %2 01H;T 2O+9 >-0*0TO> %*-29 >-KH2+TO>

9: 0T+>T-> ; 1 12< 5 22 7 '-$' 5 9: 0H332L H2 52 72 0T+>I9-2T+ 07*T:1

2 22' 5 $ 22' 5

DC MACHINE

AC SUPPLIES

%igure .

EM305 Electric Machinery (Experiment 4)

9: &achine ;m

>3&

9isk @rake ;m

5 '-22' 5 9: 0H332L '-22' 5 9: -,:MT+T*O;

7 >OTO> >-0*0T+;:-

5
O5->03--9 %*,-9 91 9$ %1 2N + % 221 21 5 5+>*+@2H +1

* 3 5

H1 51 71 H2 52 72

2 03--9 07*T:1 H1 52 71

+2I@1 @2 92 0->*-0 %2 01H;T 2O+9 >-0*0TO> %*-29 >-KH2+TO>

9: 0T+>T-> ; 1 12< 5 22 7 '-$' 5 9: 0H332L H2 52 72 0T+>I9-2T+ 07*T:1

2 22' 5 $ 22' 5

DC MACHINE

AC SUPPLIES

%>O& $ 5+>*+: H 5 7 H1 51 71

0T+TO> H2 52 72

%igure 8 EM305 Electric Machinery (Experiment 4)

>OTO>

7oud >otor *nduction &achine ?

9:

>3&

9isk @rake ;m

5 '-22' 5 9: 0H332L '-22' 5 9: -,:MT+T*O;

>OTO> >-0*0T+;:H 5 7

5
O5->03--9 %*,-9 91 9$ %1 2N + % 221 21 5+>*+@2-

* 3 5

H1 51 71 H2 52 72

H +1

2 03--9 07*T:1 5

H1 52 71

9: 0T+>T-> +2I@1 @2 92 0->*-0 %2 01H;T 2O+9 >-0*0TO> %*-29 >-KH2+TO> ; 1 12< 5 22 7 '-$' 5 9: 0H332L H2 52 72 0T+>I9-2T+ 07*T:1

2 22' 5 $ 22' 5

DC MACHINE

AC SUPPLIES

%>O& $ 5+>*+: H 5 7 H1 51 71

0T+TO> H2 52 72

> > >

>-0*0T*52O+9 @+;B

%igure < EM305 Electric Machinery (Experiment 4)

>OTO>

1'

You might also like