DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY COURSE NO: EEE 232 EXPT.

NO.: 01 NAME OF THE EXPT.: STUDY OF A SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER AND DETERMINATION OF TURN RATIO. INTRODUCTION:
A transformer is a static device comprising coils coupled through a magnetic medium connecting two ports at different or same voltage levels in an electric system allowing the interchange of electrical energy between the ports in either direction via the magnetic field. The most important tasks performed by transformers are: (1). ( ). (#). Changing voltage and current levels in electric power systems. !atching source and load impedances for ma"imum power transfer in electronic and communication system. $lectrical isolation ( isolating one circuit from another ).

A transformer% in its simplest form% consists essentially of two insulated windings interlinked by a common or mutual magnetic field established in a core of magnetic material. &hen one of the windings% termed the primary% is connected to an alternating voltage source% an alternating flu" is produced in the core with amplitude depending on the primary voltage and number of primary turns. This mutual flu" links the other windings% called the secondary. A voltage is induced in this secondary and its magnitude will depend on the number of secondary turns. 'f the secondary voltage is greater than the primary value% the transformer is called a step up transformer( if it is less% it is known as a step down transformer( if primary and secondary voltages are e)ual% the transformer is said to have a one*to*one ratio. +ne to one transformers are used to electrically isolate two parts of a circuit. Any transformer may be used as a step up or step down depending on the way it is connected. The turn ratio of a transformer is defined as 'n this e"periment% we shall determine the turn ratio of a power transformer.
a= N1 E I = 1 = N E I1

APPARATUS:
1. . #. /. .. Two ac voltmeters ( ,*#,,-% ,*1.,-% ,*#,- ) Two ac ammeters ( ,*.A% ,*1A ) +ne single phase transformer +ne rheostat ( current rating greater than or e)ual to .A ) &ires 0 chords

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP:
21 -ariable ac supply ,11

23

1ingle phase transformer

13

4igure (a)

'1 -ariable ac supply ,-

21

11

'

A
-1

23

1ingle phase transformer

13

5oad

4igure (b)

PROCEDURE:
A). VOLTAGE RATIO: 1. . #. Connect the primary ( 21* 23 ) terminals of the primary to ,- ac supply as shown in the figure (a). !easure the voltage at the supply and also across secondary ( 11*13 ). 4ind the turn ratio using the formula
V1 ( P1 P3 ) V (S1 S 3 ) 4ind turn ratio for changing the tap position of secondary. a=

/.

B). CURRENT RATIO: .. 6. 3. Connect two ammeter in the primary 0 secondary circuit as shown in the figure (b). Ad7ust the rheostat such that ma"imum ammeter reading is possible without e"ceeding the current rating of the ammeters and the rheostat. 4ind the turn ratio using the formula
I (S1 S 3 ) I 1 ( P1 P3 ) 4ind turn ratio for changing the tap position of the secondary. a=

8.

REPORT:
1. . #. /. .. 1how all the data in tabular form. 9etermine the turn ratio ( a ) of the transformer from the voltage and current readings using the appropriate formula. 9iscuss the discrepancies% if any. &hich method of determining turn ratio is more accurate and why: 9efine the terms ideal transformer% turn ratio% nominal ratio transformation ratio% step up 0 step down transformer. &hy transformers are rated in ;-A instead of k&: