#2

My Geologist Notebook

Name:________________________________

Rocks: The Solid Earth Materials Part 2

Key Vocabulary: Classify Rock Mineral Metamorphic Sediment Layers Heat Pressure Igneous Sedimentary Saltwater Freshwater Oceans Seas Rivers Streams Lakes and ponds Glaciers Models Diagrams Maps Volcanoes Mountains Valleys Canyons Caverns Islands Weathering Erosion Deposition Landslide Volcanic eruptions Floods Earthquakes

The Earth's Layers:

1. If you could slice The Earth, you would see several ______________________.

The Crust
2. The outer layer, the part we stand on and see, is called ______________________. The Crust is made mostly of rock and it covers the entire planet 3. Just below The Crust is ______________________. o The Mantle goes all the way down to the Core (about 1,800 miles). o The temperature in The Mantle is hot enough to melt rock, but not all of The Mantle is melted. o It actually flows very slowly below The Crust. o The rest of The Mantle is under such great pressure that it is solid rock. (1)

The Core
4. At the center of The Earth is ______________________. 5. The Core is divided into ____________ parts. 6. The two parts of The Core are: 1. ____________________________ 2. ____________________________ o The Outer Core is below the mantle. o The temperature in the Outer Core is hotter than the mantle o All of the Outer Core is completely melted.

Rocks & Minerals

7. The Earth's entire crust is __________________________________________. 8. If it is made by a person, it _______________________ be a rock. 9. ________________________ rocks are made of minerals. 10. There are more than _____________________ different minerals, and more are being identified all the time. 11. When it comes to rocks, only ____________ minerals are commonly found. Every mineral is in some way different from other minerals. 12. Some are ____________________ and some are

______________________. 13. Differences in rocks are called ______________________. (2)

Properties help people identify minerals. 14. Rocks are formed in ____________ different ways. And they are

classified by the way they were ______________________.

Igneous Rock
15. Deep inside The Earth, the temperatures are so hot that the

minerals actually become melted, or ____________________________. 16. This melted rock is called, ______________________.

17. When magma cools and hardens it is called ______________________________. 18. Igneous means ______________________.

Sedimentary Rock
19. The second type of rock is a _____________________ rock.

Sediment- Little bits of rock being washed into streams and rivers when it rains. o Sediment is washed into lakes or the ocean and sinks to the bottom. o Layer upon layer of sediment pile on top of each other o The lower the layer, the greater the pressure from the top layers. o The lower layers are pressed together so tightly that they create solid rock 20. Sedimentary means made by _______________________________. (3)

The actual type of sedimentary rock that is formed depends on the type of sediment (little bits of rock).

Metamorphic Rock
21. 22. 23. The third type of rock is ____________________________. Metamorphic means ____________________________. Most metamorphic Rocks form from the ________________________

of The Earth's plates, plates that collide and cause rocks to crush together, creating tremendous pressure.

Nature
24. ____________________ can change the size of rocks. o Wind, rain, ice, snow, plants and other forces of nature cause changes in rocks. o Waves at the ocean are so powerful; they are constantly eroding rocky cliffs. o Even though glaciers move very slowly, they have the power to break off and drag a boulder the size of a house. 25. The last stage of movement is called __________________________. o When wind and water finally calm, the rocks and sediment settle to the bottom. They are deposited into different areas. 26. 27. Rocks are ____________________________ changing. Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic Rocks can all

__________________________________________________________________. (4)