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THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

FIRST VIDEO: THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (EducationWithVision)
Humans breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide; a process known as respiration. The respiratory system includes the nose, throat, voice box, windpipe, and lungs. At the top of the respiratory system, the nostrils bring air into the nasal cavity where its filtered, warmed and moistened. What are cilia? Cilia are tiny hairs that protect the nasal passageways and filter out dust and other particles that enter the nose through the breathed air.

What is the trachea? A 2-3cm tube that extends downwards from the bottom of the larynx for about 12cm, it is made strong by stiff rings of cartilage. It is lined with tiny hairs that sweep out foreign particles and fluids.

The windpipe divides into two branches, called bronchi, and each one of these enters one of the two lungs of the body. Each branch resembles the limbs of a tree dividing into smaller, finer branches called bronchioles. These end in tiny air sacs called alveoli. What are alveoli? Tiny structures that enable fresh air to get to the air sacs, which are surrounded by tiny blood vessels, or capillaries. The oxygen passes through these air sacs and travels through the capillary walls into the bloodstream. At the same time, carbon dioxide transfers from the bloodstream into the air sacs where it gets breathed out of the body.

What is the pharynx? The pharynx is where the two airways of the nose and mouth meet up. It carries both food and air.

What is the larynx? Where is it located? The larynx is where our vocal cords are, and is located at the top of the trachea

SECOND VIDEO: CIRCULATORY AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS (CrashCourse)

What is simple diffusion? A process of taking in oxygen without lungs, which allows gases to move into and pass through wet membranes. Why do we have lungs instead of using simple diffusion? We have lungs because the bigger the animal, the more oxygen it needs and simple diffusion takes a long time. So we force air into our lungs in order to get enough oxygen to run our bodies. Where did lungs first appear in the animal kingdom? lungfish Lungs are full of oxygen-dissolving membranes that are kept moist with mucus. The key to lungs is that they have a lot of surface area, so they can absorb a lot of oxygen at once. The alveoli and capillaries basically swap one gas for another. How do lungs work without muscles? (include the label on the diagram above) A big flat layer of muscles, called the thoracic diaphragm, sits underneath the lungs that relaxes and contracts (pushes and pulls), decreasing and increasing the volume of your lungs and creating a low pressure. As the pressure in our lungs goes down, air flows into them. As the pressure becomes higher, deoxygenated air is forced out of our lungs. How does the respiratory system interact with the circulatory system? The respiratory system moves air in and out of the lungs, while the circulatory system moves blood into and out of the lungs. The circulatory system takes oxygenated blood to the places in your body that needs it, and brings back deoxygenated blood to the lungs to be removed from the body.

THIRD VIDEO: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM SONG (ParrMr)

Take down three key terms you find in the lyrics and look up formal definitions with the online dictionary: mirriam-webster.com