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MBGP enables unicast and multicast routing information to exchange through the same process but is restored in different routing tables. As MBGP is an enhanced version of BGP-4, all the common policies and configuration methods that BGP-4 supports can be applied to multicast.

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To provide backward compatibility and at the same time simplify the descriptions of the BGP-4 extended protocol, the RFC applies two types of new features: The extended protocol reachable NLRI (MP_REACH_NLRI); The extended protocol unreachable NLRI (MP_UNREACH_NLRI); The former is used to carry the destination reachable information and next message so as to forward the destination route; the latter is used to carry related unreachable information. Both these two attributes are optional non-transitive. Therefore, a BGP route informer that does not support the identification of extended protocol may ignore the information related to the attributes instead of continuing to send it. The RFC defines the value of corresponding sub-address family flag, contained in MP_REACH_NLRI and MP_UNREACH_NLRI: The NLRI used for unicast forwarding; The NLRI used for multicast forwarding; The NLRI used for both unicast and multicast forwarding;

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Compared with the BGP-4, the MBGP has two attributes added in the UPDATE packet: MP_REACH_NLRI (multi-protocol reachable NLRI) and MP_UNREACH_NLRI (multi-protocol unreachable NLRI). Both of them are optional non-transitive attributes, that is, the router that does not support the MBGP can ignore the information in these attributes and do not forward them. These two attributes are described as follows.

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The explanations of each field are as follows: Address Family Identifier: This field carries the identity of the Network Layer protocol associated with the Network Address that follows. Presently defined values for this field are specified in RFC 1700 (see the Address Family Numbers section). Subsequent Address Family Identifier: This field provides additional information about the type of the Network Layer Reachability Information carried in the attribute. Length of Next Hop Network Address: A 1 octet field whose value expresses the length of the "Network Address of Next Hop" field as measured in octets Network Address of Next Hop: A variable length field that contains the Network Address of the next router on the path to the destination system Number of SNPAs: A 1 octet field which contains the number of distinct SNPAs to be listed in the following fields. The value 0 may be used to indicate that no SNPAs are listed in this attribute. Length of Nth SNPA: A 1 octet field whose value expresses the length of the "Nth SNPA of Next Hop" field as measured in semi-octets Nth SNPA of Next Hop: A variable length field that contains an SNPA of the router whose Network Address is contained in the "Network Address of Next Hop" field. The field
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An UPDATE message that contains the MP_UNREACH_NLRI is not required to carry any other path attributes.

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The use and the meaning of these fields are as follows: Address Family Identifier: This field carries the identity of the Network Layer protocol associated with the NLRI that follows. Presently defined values for this field are specified in RFC 1700 (see the Address Family Numbers section). Subsequent Address Family Identifier: This field provides additional information about the type of the Network Layer Reachability Information carried in the attribute. Withdrawn Routes: A variable length field that lists NLRI for the routes that are being withdrawn from service. When the Subsequent Address Family Identifier field is set to one of the values defined in this document, each NLRI is encoded as specified in the "NLRI encoding" section of this document.

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MBGP need to maintain two routing tables respectively: Unicast routing table Multicast routing table

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MBGP enables unicast and multicast routing information to exchange through the same process but is restored in different routing tables. As MBGP is an enhanced version of BGP-4, all the common policies and configuration methods that BGP-4 supports can be applied to multicast.

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2.

For the same IPv4 address, there are two NLRIs with different next hops. The existing or new BGP multicast topology peer can be used.

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Used for multicast RPF detection

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Guide the data flow forwarding Multicast routing information

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MBGP allows the unicast and multicast to have different topology structures and policies. The same address may have different meanings. 1. Unicast routing information

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Note: The support of unicast NLRI is necessitated to enable the multicast NLRI.

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The same NLRI must be used between routers; otherwise, the router will send a Notification message and peer relation cannot be established.

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Two routers mutually learn the unicast and multicast routes by enabling the unicast and multicast NLRIs of the BGP.

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In the case of consistent topology, the unicast and multicast sessions of the BGP will send the routing information to the peer at the same time.

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The link above enables the BGP to unicast the peer so that the unicast route is sent to the remote peer through this peer and is present in the unicast routing table. The link below enables the MBGP peer. You need to disable the unicast peer of the BGP in Huawei products to make this peer send update only through the multicast NLRI.

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When the unicast and multicast routes need to be differentiated through multipath, the above method can be used.

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Unicast route update.

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Multicast route update.

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The U-RIB and M-RIB finally produced.

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What are the differences between the MBGP and BGP? Compared with the BGP-4, the MBGP has two attributes added in the UPDATE packet: MP_REACH_NLRI (multi-protocol reachable NLRI) and MP_UNREACH_NLRI (multi-protocol unreachable NLRI). Both of them are optional non-transitive attributes, that is, the router that does not support the MBGP can ignore the information in these attributes and do not forward them. The information carried in MP_REACH_NLRI and MP_UNREACH_NLRI contains the AFI field so that you can know the address family that the attribute information belongs to. What is the role of the multicast routing information learned from the MBGP? It is not used to guide the forwarding of multicast data stream, but for RPF check.

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