To: My Classmate From: Winifred Chiakpo Date: 1/27/14 Topic: Causes of Tsunami Definition of Tsunami Tsunamis (pronounced soo-n-mees),

also known as seismic sea waves (mistakenly called tidal waves), are a series of enormous waves created by an underwater disturbance such as an earthquake, landslide, volcanic eruption, or meteorite. From the area where the tsunami started, waves travel outward in all directions. Once the wave approaches the shore, it builds in height. There may be more than one wave and the succeeding one may be larger than the one before. All tsunamis are dangerous. A tsunami can strike anywhere along most of the U.S. coastline. The most destructive tsunamis have occurred along the coasts of California, Oregon, Washington, Alaska, and Hawaii. Facts about Tsunami Regions in tsunami danger zones often have warning systems in place to give people as much time to evacuate as possible.

When tsunamis hit shallow water (often near the coast) they slow down but increase in height. An earthquake in the Indian Ocean off Indonesia in December 2004 caused a tsunami that killed over 200000 people in 14 countries In March 2011, the Tohoku earthquake off the eastern coast of Japan caused a tsunami that was a major factor in the death of over 15000 people. The tsunami waves created by the Tohoku earthquake reached heights of over 40 meters (131 feet) in some areas, wiping out coastal towns and causing a number of nuclear accidents.

To: My Classmate From: Winifred Chiakpo Date: 1/27/14 Topic: Tsunami The effects from a tsunami The first wave in a series could reach the beach in a few minutes, even before a warning is issued. Areas are at greater risk if they are less than 25 feet above sea level and within a mile of the shoreline. Drowning is the most common cause of death associated with a tsunami. Tsunami waves and the receding water are very destructive to structures in the run-up zone. Other hazards include flooding, contamination of drinking water, and fires from gas lines or ruptured tanks.

Tsunami always result in the need for emergency renovations to damaged homes and other structures. When common renovation activities like sanding, cutting, and demolition occur in structures that contain lead-based paint, they can release lead-based paint hazards, including lead-contaminated dust. Lead-based paint dust and debris are hazardous to everyone - adults, particularly pregnant women, and children.

Tsunami Recovery and cautions Expect more waves. Stay away from spills and damaged facilities. Clean up spilled medicines, cleaners and solvents, gasoline or other fuels, or other potentially hazardous substances. Broken gas lines greatly increase the risk of fire, explosion, or poor air quality. If you smell gas, open windows and shut off the main gas line. Notify the utility or other authorities.

Source1 http://www.epa.gov/naturaldisasters/tsunamis.html ,

Source2. http://itic.iocunesco.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=1004&Itemid=10 04

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