ABSTRACT The experiment was conducted in order to find the mass moment inertia at the centre of gravity Ig,

and at the suspension point I1 and I2 by doing an oscillation with amount of oscillation. There are a few difference between the value Io and Ig. The potential factors that causes to the differences in values were discussed further in discussion. It was observed that the wooden pendulum oscillates in non-uniform motion especially when it is suspended at IO2. Based on the experiment, we have found that the value of IG and IO from both suspension points is totally different although they share the same value of mass of the pendulum. The period also different for both point set up. After the data was taken, the period of oscillation, T1 and T2 are obtained from two different suspension points. Hence, after getting T value, then the value of IG and IO can be measured. The error might occur due to disturbing from surrounding and human error. The time for 10 oscillations was taken manually by using stopwatch. By the end of this experiment, the values of IG and IO were able to be calculated by using theoretical calculation. TITLE Physical pendulum wooden pendulum OBJECTIVE There are 3 objectives that we need to determine in order to achieve the conclusion: To determine the mass moment of inertia (at center of gravity, IG and at suspension point, IO) by oscillation. To obtain the relationship of the oscillation period of two different suspension point with same mass. To discover the variables which is effect the oscillation period of physical pendulum?

INTRODUCTION A simple pendulum consists of a point-mass hanging on a length of a string assumed to be weightless. A small weight hanging by a string from a retort stand illustrates this condition. If the mass is displaced slightly from its equilibrium position, the mass will perform simple harmonic oscillation. An extended solid object that is free to swing on an axis is called a physical

pendulum, whose period is now dependant on the mass moment of inertia about the rotational axis and it distance from the centre of mass.

A pendulum is a weight suspended from a pivot so that it can swing freely. When a pendulum is displaced from its resting equilibrium position, it is subject to a restoring force due to gravity that will accelerate it back toward the equilibrium position. When released, the restoring force combined with the pendulum's mass causes it to oscillate about the equilibrium position, swinging back and forth. The time for one complete cycle, a left swing and a right swing, is called the period. A pendulum swings with a specific period which depends mainly on its length. From its discovery around 1602 by Galileo Galilei, the regular motion of pendulums was used for timekeeping, and was the world's most accurate timekeeping technology until the 1930s. Pendulums are used to regulate pendulum clocks, and are used in scientific instruments such as accelerometers and seismometers. Historically they were used as gravimeters to measure the acceleration of gravity in geophysical surveys, and even as a standard of length. The word 'pendulum' is new Latin, from the Latin pendulus, meaning hanging. (Fowles, Grant R ,1986)

Figure 1 THEORY

The simple gravity pendulum is an idealized mathematical model of a pendulum. This is a weight or bob on the end of a weightless cord suspended from a pivot, without friction. When given an initial push, it will swing back and forth on constant amplitude. Real pendulums are subject to friction and air drag, so the amplitude of their swings declines. A physical pendulum is a pendulum where the pendulum mass is not concentrated at one point. In reality all pendulums are physical, since it is not possible to achieve the ideal concentration of mass at a single point. An equilibrium moment is formed about the suspension point to establish the equation of motion. The pendulum is deflected about the angle,. For small displacement, the period T of a physical pendulum is independent of its amplitude,

T = 2
Where I is the rotational inertia of the pendulum about its rotation axis, m is the total mass of the pendulum, g is the gravity acceleration and r is the distance from the rotation axis to the center of mass. This is the equation of a harmonic oscillator;

=
And is related to the period T by

=
T depends only on the distribution of mass within the object, not on the total mass. T can be used to compute g, if the moment of inertia I known. The moment of inertia I about the pivot point is

related to the moment of inertia about the center of mass IO by the parallel axis theorem, which states

I = IO + mr2

Moment at O at clockwise direction: MO = mg.L sin Moment at O at if angle MO = mg.L By using Newtons Law for rotation : mg.L = IO
O

is small.:

mg.L = IO (- ) IO + mg.L = 0 + ) =0

Note that this equation has the same shape with the general equation of simple harmonic motion. Furthermore, we can obtain natural frequency of this system:
2

r/s

Meanwhile, periodic time (T) is the time taken to complete one cycle. (or 2 radian). So that:

T=

T=2

For this rigid body, moment of inertia at point O is : Io = IG + mL2 Io = mk2+ mL2 T=2 T=2 note that We can determine the radius of gyration for a rigid body by using this equation. where IG is the moment of inertia at the center of gravity where k is the radius of gyration at the center of gravity

REFERENCE 1. Pendulum". Miriam Webster's Collegiate Encyclopedia. Miriam Webster. 2000. p. 1241. ISBN 0-87779-017-5. 2. J. S. Deschaine and B. H. Suits, "The hanging cord with a real tip mass," European Journal of Physics, Vol 29 (2008) 12111222. 3. Nave, Carl R. (2006). "Simple pendulum". Hyperphysics. Georgia State Univ. Retrieved 2008-12-10. 4. Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics, Eight Edition in SI units, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr, and William E. Clausen, Singapore, 2007. 5. Astrom, K. J., & Furuta, K. (2000). Swinging up a pendulum by energy control. Automatic, 36(2), 286-295.