TYPES OF DATA AVAILABLE IN DATA CENTRE

1. Rainfall Data Yearly, Monthly, Daily, Hourly 2. Meteorological Data a. Maximum, Minimum temperature - Daily b. Temperatures -Hourly c. Relative Humidity d. Sunshine hours- Hourly e. Wind direction f. Wind velocity ok g. wait h. Evaporation i. Soil moisture content j. Atmospheric pressure k. Evapo Transpiration 3. Hydrologic Data (Discharge at various points of the river)

Gauge & Discharge at Selected sites throughout Tamilnadu

4. Ground Water Level data a. Water level of Shallow Aquifers b. Water Level of Deep Aquifers 5. Water Quality for GW & SW

6. Geological Data- Lithologs 7. Sea water Intrusion data 8. Well Census Data Database of 37 lakh wells throughout

Tamilnadu as on 2004 Different Instruments used for SW Data Measurement Standard Rain Gauges (SRG) Autographic Rain Gauges(ARG) Fully Climatic Stations(FCS) Thermometers- Dry, Wet, Maximum, Minimum Thermograph Hygrograph Sunshine Recorder Wind vane Anemometer Pan Evaporimeter

Soil Moisture Content Barometer

Optional in FCS

Automatic Weather Station(AWS) Digital Water Level Recorder(DWLR) Instruments for Flow Measurement Current meter

GROUND WATER INVESTIGATION: Ground Water Investigation with UNDP Assistance: The Ground Water investigation by the Public Works Department dates back to year 1965. A Ground water cell was formed to cater to the needs of the industries around Chennai. Having felt the need of systematic investigation in and around Chennai, the Government of Tamilnadu approached United Nations and the ground water investigations started with the assistance of UNDP in the following four selected areas. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Korataliyar and Araniyar basins. Part of Palar Basin Neyveli area (mainly on the east of Panruti along Gedilam) Cauvery Delta.

During the period between 1965-72 with the assistance of U.N.D.P. Ground Water Investigations were carried out and Ground Water potential in the above said areas was assessed on scientific basis. Macro Level Studies (1970-78)

Based on the experience gained under UNDP it was felt necessary that scientific investigations have to be carried out in the entire Tamilnadu. Accordingly a full fledged Ground Water Directorate started functioning since November 1970 and during 1972 the PWD (Ground Water) was upgraded and headed by Chief Engineer (GW). The activities of the ground water department from 1970 can be broadly classified into 3 phases. Phase I (Nov. 1970 78). Investigations were carried out at Macro level and basic data like infiltration through rainfall, seepage from applied water for crops, from tanks, from canals etc. were collected. With these parameters the assessment of Groundwater potential and the block wise groundwater assessment was made at macro level for the entire State. This appraisal of Ground Water potential with Panchayat Union blocks as a unit was made to meet out the requirements of A.R.D.C. (Now known as NABARD). The categorisation of areas/blocks as dark, grey and white has been made based on the ground water development. This paved way for the flow of institutional finance for minor irrigation schemes implemented by the Land Development Banks. Phase II Micro Level Study (1978-86) From the macro level studies conducted during the Ist Phase throughout Tamilnadu, among 50% of the area was found to be over-developed. But the field findings such as water level fluctuation and related hydrogeological conditions existed varied from the assessment made by the macro level studies, and hence it was decided to carry out micro level survey in all the blocks bifurcating the blocks into sub-basins/mini water sheds. In this villagewise study, data like land use pattern, cropping pattern raised through surface water sources of irrigation, including rivers, canals tanks etc. ground water structures like dug wells, bore wells etc. and also the exploitation of ground water from each well is collected and compiled in a detailed and precise manner. Such studies have been started from 1978 and completed in the year 1986. Phase III (Year from 1987 onwards). Under phase III, the investigation of Ground water survey was reoriented on the following lines: (i) Investigation, monitoring and assessment of the ground water potential.

(ii) Consultancy services (iii) Special Investigations. Watershed Study

In order to know the inter-relationship between rainfall, run-off and infiltration, the various parameters like rainfall, evaporation, temperature, wind velocity etc. are being observed in mini water sheds by setting up 65 meteorological stations in almost all the river basins and 15 water sheds in different type of soil characteristics have been selected for the study. Drilling Of Exploratory Bore Wells As a part of investigation programme exploratory bore holes are periodically drilled with the following objectives: (i) To explore the sub-surface lithological characteristics (ii) To arrive at the sub-surface hydrogeological parameters (iii)To find out the quality of Groundwater at different aquifers. Monitoring Of Water Levels. Since groundwater is a dynamic resource, continuous monitoring of water level is essential which helps to assess the gravity of the situation during adverse seasonal condition like drought. For this purpose, about 1746 wells including 618 drought wells spread over the State are under observation during the first week of every month. In addition to the open wells, 102 Nos. of automatic water level recorders are installed in some of the bore wells for continuous monitoring. Under Hydrology Project with World Bank assistance 852 piezometers have been drilled and in 723 piezometers Water Level is being monitored by both manual and DWLRs. Manual water levels are monitored during the first week of every month from all open wells and piezometers. Water Quality Study. About 4300 water samples are collected from various sources like shallow observation wells, bore wells, surface water samples etc. and tested for the suitability of domestic, agriculture and industrial purposes. For carrying out the above study, four Labs have been established at Chennai, Madurai, Tiruchi and Pollachi under the control of the Chief Engineer (State Ground & Surface Water Resources Data Centre). For general public and other Department water samples are also analysed at prescribed rates. In addition to the above services, State Ground & Surface Water Resources Data Centre undertakes analysis of water samples to find out the suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes. Collection Of Data On Groundwater Structures To assess the Groundwater potential, well structures are very much essential for the realistic assessment of Groundwater draft. The above study has been taken up and it has been proposed to collect the villagewise well census data from the Village

Administrative Officers and test check them by actual field verification. The target has been fixed as 466 villages per year. Firm Up of Irrigation Potentials It is essential to have an updated realistic picture on the potential created and utilised as on date under Minor Irrigation schemes. It is necessary to use a scientific methodology for assessment of irrigation potential created and its utilisation. This work involves the collection of particulars on the irrigation potential created, irrigation potential utilised the gross area irrigated and the net area irrigated. In addition, other works like issuing of Groundwater clearance certificates for the energisation of Agricultural pump sets are carried out by this Department. However in 2000, Government issued orders exempting the agricultural pumpset from obtaining N.O.C. from Groundwater Wing of P.W.D. Collection of Rainfall Data. Rainfall data are continuously collected from 400 rain gauge stations throughout the State of Tamilnadu. Based on the data collected the maximum and minimum rainfall with percentage deviation are being worked out. The Histograms are drawn based on the 70 years rainfall data. The Isohyetal maps are also prepared to demonstrate the rainfall pattern in the District. Saltwater /Fresh Water Interface Studies In Tamilnadu the length of the coastal stretch is about 920 km. The entire stretch has been taken up to find out the salt water-fresh water interface studies. Minjur well fields which is located north of Chennai City where the salt water fresh water interface studies conducted during 1972 was located 3.5km from sea coast and during 1999 this has moved to about 10.0 Km from sea coast. This has been confirmed by water quality studies.
Integrated Data Centre For Surface Water And Ground Water Activities:
The project can be broadly classified into two components viz., Surface water component and Groundwater component.

(i) Surface Water Components

Collection of flow data from Gaugings Stations in various river courses. Collection of storage data from major tanks by installing Automatic Water level Recorders. Monitoring of return / regenerated flows in select command areas and measurement of flow into sea.

Surface water sampling locations have been designed for all river basins in Tamil Nadu and samples are being collected once in a month during flow period to assess the surface water quality. Collection of Hydrolmeteorological data from raingauge stations, full climatic stations and automatic weather stations. Collection of data on reservoir sedimentation and water quality data by establishing level - I water quality laboratories and silt laboratories. Improvement of infrastructure facilities - Office buildings, Site stores & Quarters etc., Creation of data base in the dedicated hydrological surface data processing software Viz., HYMOS. Exchange of information within the State and Central Organisation through the State Data Storage Centre. The data are collected and primary validated in the sub-divisional data processing centre and are secondary validated in the divisional data processing centre before sending to state data processing centre. Inter agency validation of data are done with India Meteorological Department and Central Water Commission.

(ii) Ground Water Components Collection of water level data from the existing 1746 observation wells. Construction of 690 piezometers in the hardrock areas and 162 piezometers in the sedimentary formations and collection of water levels from digital water level recorders installed under HP. Validation of water level data in three stages: I Primary Validation at Divisional Data Processing Centre. ii Secondary validation at Regional (Circle) Data Processing Centre. iii. Integrated Hydrological validation at State

Data Processing Centre.

Creation of Districtwise database in Groundwater Data Entry Software (GWDES) at SDPC. Upgradation of four water quality laboratories with new building and sophisticated equipments to analyse more pollution parameters. Exchange of information within the State and Central Organisation through the State Data Storage Centre.

(iii) Water Quality: About 3400 ground water samples are being collected from shallow observation wells and bore wells. Surface water samples in all the 17 river basins are also monitored in 71 locations. The samples are tested for the suitability of domestic, agriculture and industrial purposes. To carry out the above study four laboratories are functioning at Chennai, Trichy, Madurai and Pollachi. All the above Laboratories are recognised under EPA (1986) by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) Delhi. The laboratories are having the facilities to analyse General Parameters, Pollution Parameters in addition to the Bacteria analysis. The Chennai Laboratory is having the facility to analyse pesticide and toxic metals. The presence of toxic metals and peticides in Ground and surface water are also being studied by this Wing. Ground Water quality data are also available from 1972 onwards. For general public and other Departments water samples are analysed at prescribed rates.

(iv) Data Storage Centre 1. Stores and administers the storage of all field and processed hydrological data collected in the State. 2. Makes the data available to authorized Hydrological data users. 3. Maintains HIS-catalogue of all data stored in its own data base and those stored in the data bases of other States and of the Central Agencies. (v) Creation of GIS Data sets under Hydrology Project - I. Spatial data base is organised with 15' by 15' geographic area, corresponding to Survey of India toposheet of scale 1:50,000. These digital data sets are of high quality following the Quality Checking /

Quality Assurance test strategies proposed by the World Bank.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Land use/cover Soil Geology & Structure Geomorphology Administrative boundary upto block Hydrologic boundary upto water shed Settlement upto village Drainage Transport network Elevation Contours and spot heights.

(vi) Software Packages

Under the Hydrology project-I all the data pertaining to groundwater and surface water are entered in data entry softwares like Ground Water Data Entry System and Surface Water Data Entry System respectively. To process the GWDES data, a dedicated software called GEMS, developed and installed in the SDPC by M/s. Tata Infotech. Various modules such as water quality, water level, rainfall, geophysics water resources assessment etc., are customised to suit our data needs. Surface water data are entered in the software, Surface water Data Entry System (SWDES) and further validated in a GIS base software Hydrological Modelling System (HYMOS). Groundwater data are entered in the software, Groundwater Data Entry System (GWDES) and further processed in a GIS base software "Groundwater Estimation and Management System (GEMS). Water quality data are entered in the software water quality data entry system (WQDES). All the above processed data are stored in an in house developed software water information system data online management (WISDOM) which has a relational data base and stores

data in catalog forms for early dissemination. Select application software packages procured and installed in SDPC computers are:
1. Microstation (J) and Descartes for GIS applications. 2. Surface Water Modeling Software (SMS) 3. Groundwater Modeling Software (GMS) 4. (WMS) 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Watershed Modeling Software

Rock works - 99 Aquifer test Resix-plus & Geosoft Montage Aqua-chem Voxel Analyst Surfer - 8 ARC GIS

12.

WISDOM

7. Hydrological Data Users Group(HDUG ): HDUG is a State / National level representative group of current and potential large scale and repeat users of hydrological data, who have a stake in water

resources utilization, assessment and management. In Tamilnadu, the HDUG was constituted with 72 members with the Chief Engineer, WRO,(SG&SWRDC)as its chairman. 3 task groups were formed to accomplish the following tasks.

Exchange of data between State Data Centre and Central Agencies like IMD,CWC,WB etc. Pricing of validated data before dissemination to various user organizations. All matters relating to water quality issues.

The task groups have held discussions on the terms of references and made certain recommendations. The recommendations have been circulated to the group members and are to be placed before the Committee, SLSC and NLSC for approval and adoption. The HDUG have to continue to function and meet periodically in the years to come to facilitate effective dissemination of quality data among various stake holders.

Groundwater Wing of Water Resources Organisation in Public Works Department is conducting many awareness programmes to create awareness among the general public and agriculturist about the usage of water, rain water harvesting, water quality and fluctuations in the water table. UN has declared 22 March as "World Water Day" every year. To stress the value of water and its importance in human lives, our department takes this opportunity to raise awareness among citizens and celebrated this world water day in a grand manner every year. World Water Day 2013 is celebrated as International year of Water Cooperation. The theme of the World Water Day 2014 is Water and Energy. The water-energy is the relationship between how much water is evaporated to generate and transmit energy and how much energy it takes to collect, clean, move, store, and dispose of water.