GRADUATE STUDENT SERIES IN PHYSICS Series Editor: Professor Douglas F Brewer, MA, DPhil Emeritus Professor of Experimental Physics, University af Sussex PROBLEMS ON STATISTICAL MECHANICS DIEGO A R DALVIT Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA JAIME FRASTAI Buenos Aires, Argentina IAN D LAWRIE University of Leeds, England INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS PUBLISHING Bristol and Philadelphia© IOP Publishing Lid 1999 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Multiple copying is permitted in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency under the terms of its agreement with the Committee of Vice-Chancellors and Principals. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 0 7503 0520 7 hbk 0 7503 0521 5 pbk Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Dalvit. Diego A. R. Problems on statistical mechanies / Diego A. R. Dalvit, Jaime Frastat and Tan D. Lawrie. p. cm.—(Graduate student series in physi Includes index. ISBN 0 7503 0520 7 (hbk: afk. paper) ISBN 0 7503 0521 5 (pbk: alk. paper) 1. Statistical mechanics. Problems, exercises, ete, 1. Frastai, Jaime. I. Lawrie, lan D. IIL Title. IV. Series. QCI74.884.D35_ 1999 $30.13'076—de21 99-16504 cre ) Commissioning Editor: Jim Revill Editorial Assistant: Victoria Le Billon Production Editor: Nina Couzin Production Control: Sarah Plenty and Jenny Troyano Cover Design: Jeremy Stephens Marketing Executive: Colin Fenton Published by Institute of Physics Publishing, wholly owned by The Institute of Physics, London Institute of Physics Publishing, Dirac Hous UK US Office: Institute of Physics Publishing, The Public Ledger Building 1035, 150 South Independence Mall West, Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA . Temple Back, Bristol BS! 6BE, Suite Typeset in TEX using the IOP Bookmaker Macros Printed in the UK by J W Arrowsmith Ltd, BristolCONTENTS Preface Introduction Thermodynamics 2.1 Questions 2.2 Answers Statistical Ensembles 3.1 Questions 3.2. Answers Quantum Statistics 4.1 Questions 4.2 Answers Interacting Systems 5.1 Questions 5.2 Answers Non-Equilibrium Methods And Transport Processes 6.1 Questions 6.2 Answers Appendix. Useful Formulae Index 154 154 165 217 217 227 278 281