Important Bird Areas in Asia Malaysia

MALAYSIA
LAND AREA 329,758 km2 HUMAN POPULATION 22,300,000 (68 per km2) NUMBER OF IBAs 55 TOTAL AREA OF IBAs 50,994 km 2 STATUS OF IBAs 21 protected;

8 partially protected; 26 unprotected

Most of Borneos endemic bird species are found in the forests and alpine habitats on Mount Kinabalu (IBA 21). (PHOTO: KOJI TAGI)

KEY HABITATS AND BIRDS

eulophotes, Milky Stork Mycteria cinerea and Lesser Adjutant Leptoptilos javanicus.

Tropical forest was the original habitat throughout most of Malaysia, including lowland rain forest (Biome AS14: Sundaic lowland forest, SA 098: Sabah lowlands and SA 102: Malayan peninsula lowlands). The lowlands of both Peninsular and East Malaysia have suffered widespread forest clearance and fragmentation, but some large forest IBAs remain with important populations of threatened lowland forest specialists. These include three species confined to the Thai-Malay Peninsula (Malaysian Peacock-pheasant Polyplectron malacense, Whitefronted Scops-owl Otus sagittatus and Plain-pouched Hornbill Aceros subruficollis), five confined to Borneo (Wattled Pheasant Lobiophasis bulweri, Bornean Peacock-pheasant Polyplectron schleiermacheri, Blue-headed Pitta Pitta baudii, Black-browed Babbler Malacocincla perspicillata and Bornean Wren-babbler Ptilocichla leucogrammica), and several found in both Peninsular and East Malaysia, such as Storms Stork Ciconia stormi, Shorttoed Coucal Centropus rectunguis and Straw-headed Bulbul Pycnonotus zeylanicus. There are extensive tropical montane rain forests (Biome AS15: Sundaic montane forest, EBA 157: Bornean mountains and EBA 158: Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia) in the mountains of Peninsular and East Malaysia. Several threatened species occur in this habitat, including Mountain Peacock-pheasant Polyplectron inopinatum and Malayan Whistling-thrush Myophonus robinsoni in Peninsular Malaysia and Mountain Serpent-eagle Spilornis kinabaluensis in East Malaysia. Forests on the coast and on small offshore islands (SA 097: Northeast Bornean islands) support some specialised island species such as the threatened Grey Imperial-pigeon Ducula pickeringii. Certain coastal wetlands in both Peninsular and East Malaysia support important concentrations of waterbirds, and some have populations of threatened waterbirds such as Chinese Egret Egretta

CONSERVATION INFRASTRUCTURE AND PROTECTED AREAS SYSTEM

There is no single comprehensive legislation in Malaysia that relates to biological diversity conservation and management as a whole, and much of the legislation is sector based. State governments have jurisdiction over their forest resources, with the federal government providing guidance on management and development. A National Policy on Biological Diversity was developed after the Earth Summit in 1992 and was endorsed by the Government in 1997. The Policy addresses biological diversity issues across sectors and contains conservation strategies and action plans. Several government agencies have responsibilities for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity. The Federal Forestry Department, part of the new Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MNRE), is responsible for the administration and management of all forest resources in Peninsular Malaysia, and the establishment of the Permanent Forest Estate (PFE) there. The Conservation and Environmental Management Division, part of MNRE, formulates and coordinates policies, strategies and action programmes related to environment and conservation, and takes an overview of the operational activities of the relevant departments. The Department of Environment (DOE), also under MNRE, administers and enforces the Environmental Quality Act 1974 and assesses development projects through EIA studies. The Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN), also under MNRE, creates and manages National Parks, Wildlife Reserves and Wildlife Sanctuaries within Peninsular Malaysia and enforces the Protection of Wild Life Act 1972 in the Peninsula. The Fisheries Department, under the Ministry of Agriculture, manages marine fisheries, but

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Important Bird Areas in Asia Malaysia

Map 1. Location and size of Important Bird Areas in Peninsular Malaysia.

1 THAILAND 2 3 6 5 4 8 9 7

Area of IBA (ha)

100,000 to 999,999 50,000 to 99,999 10,000 to 49,999 1,000 to 9,999 100 to 999 <100

17

SOUTH CHINA SEA

16 11 10 S U M AT R A (INDONESIA)

18

13 12

14 15
0 125 km 250

SINGAPORE

the section on marine parks has been transferred to MNRE: it develops, administers and manages the waters of the 38 gazetted marine parks in Malaysia. Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia (Malaysian Borneo) have separate laws and government agencies. In Sarawak forest resources are under the jurisdiction of the Sarawak Forest Department, but many of its activities including enforcement and the management of parks and wildlife sanctuaries are privatised to the Sarawak Forestry Corporation. The Natural Resources and Environment Board takes on in Sarawak some of the functions of the Department of Environment. In Sabah the Sabah Forestry Department is the authority for protection and management of forest resources, and under the Sabah Forestry Enactment 1984 the department has jurisdiction over Wildlife Reserves (e.g. Tabin and Kulamba Wildlife Reserves). The Sabah Wildlife Department is responsible for Wildlife Sanctuaries (e.g. Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary) and for bird sanctuaries previously gazetted under the Land Ordinance (e.g. Mantanani, Sipadan). Sabah Parks is a statutory body responsible for three large and important forested parks (Kinabalu, Crocker Range, Tawau Hills) and three island groups (Pulau Tiga, Turtle Islands, Tunku Abdul Rahman Park). The Environmental Protection Department in Sabah manages the Environmental Impact Assessement (EIA) process. Two important conservation areas, Danum Valley and Maliau Basin, are within the concession area of the Sabah Foundation, and thence under the ultimate control of the Sabah Forestry Department and Sabah State Government. Sabah and Sarawak each have state-level laws governing access and benefit-sharing of genetic resources. National legislation does not yet exist on this. Several government research institutions are mandated to carry out activities related to conservation and sustainable utilization of biological diversity, e.g. the Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM). The current network of terrestrial protected areas in Malaysia is estimated to total 18,276 km2 of National Parks, State Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Wildlife Reserves, Conservation Areas, Bird Sanctuaries and River Terrapin Reserves, including 10,414 km2 in Peninsular Malaysia, 3,887 km2 in Sabah and 3,976 km2 in Sarawak (but note that the protected area legislation is different in these three regions

of the country). An additional 34,000 km2 of natural forest have been designated as protection forest and protected as water catchment areas, meaning that in total just over 29% of the natural forest in Malaysia has some form of official protection. A network of Virgin Jungle Reserves (VJR) in Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah protects a limited range of biological diversity in small forested areas as gene pools within larger (usually commercial) forest reserves or agricultural areas. In the marine environment, the waters surrounding 40 offshore islands in Peninsular Malaysia and Labuan (Federal Territory) have been gazetted as Marine Parks. In addition, two Fisheries Prohibited Areas have been declared, Tanjung Tuan/Pulau Besar in Peninsular Malaysia and Talang-Satang National Park in Sarawak. Three National Parks in Sabah (Tunku Abdul Rahman, Turtle Islands and Pulau Tiga) also protect coastal and marine ecosystems. Several important habitats are under-represented in the protected areas system described above, for example mangrove forests, peat swamps and freshwater swamps.

OVERVIEW OF THE INVENTORY

The 55 IBAs include 18 in Peninsular Malaysia, 14 in Sabah, 22 in Sarawak and one oceanic island. Of the 55 IBAs in Malaysia, 50 support globally threatened species, 31 have restricted-range species, 42 have biomerestricted species and 14 qualify as IBAs because they hold large congregations of waterbirds, seabirds or raptors. The main habitat in 36 IBAs is forest, six are coastal wetlands, ten have both forest and wetlands, and three are offshore islands. The IBAs contain the most extensive remaining lowland dipterocarp forests in Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak, with the Sundaic lowland forest biome represented in 42 IBAs. They also include large areas of Sundaic montane forest, with this biome present in 20 IBAs, and two IBAs support populations of birds specialised to forest on small islands. The following large forest IBAs are of outstanding importance for threatened Sundaic forest birds: in Peninsular Malaysia, Belum-Temenggor (IBA 7), Central Titiwangsa Range (IBA 9),

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Important Bird Areas in Asia Malaysia Endau-Rompin (IBA 13), Panti forest (IBA 14), Krau Wildlife Reserve (IBA 16) and Taman Negara National Park (IBA 17); in Sabah, Mount Kinabalu (IBA 21), Kinabatangan floodplain (IBA 23), Danum Valley Conservation Area (IBA 24), Maliau Basin Conservation Area (IBA 25) and Tabin Wildlife Reserve (IBA 27); and in Sarawak, Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary (IBA 43) and Mulu-Buda Protected Area (IBA 53). Most of the wetland IBAs in Malaysia are coastal, and the principal habitats are mangrove forest and intertidal flats. Geoffrey Davison. The information on conservation infrastructure and protected areas was compiled by Geoffrey Davison.

REFERENCES
MALAYSIAN NATURE SOCIETY (1974) A blueprint for conservation in Peninsular Malaysia. Malayan Nature Journal 27: 116. MALAYSIAN NATURE SOCIETY (in prep.) The MNS Blueprint for the Millennium.

CONSERVATION ISSUES
forest IBAs in Malaysia face a wide variety of threats, The including legal and illegal logging, conversion to oil palm

Lowland forest in Perlis State Park in the Nakawan Range (IBA 1). (PHOTO: MALAYSIAN NATURE SOCIETY)

plantations and for agriculture, infrastructure development (e.g. new roads), forest fires, mining and hunting. Danum Valley Conservation Area (IBA 24) and Maliau Basin (IBA 25) are an integral part of the much larger Sabah Foundation Concession Area, one of the largest remaining expanses of lowland forest in the Sundaic region. Part of the this concession has been threatened in the past by plans to establish a 3,000 km2 acacia plantation which would have resulted in the clearance of good quality dipterocarp forest, and separated these two IBAs thus undermining their biological integrity and viability. Although plans for acacia have been shelved, alternative plans for oil palm in parts of the area are emerging. It is important that the conservation of these two IBAs is advanced in an integrated way with the sustainable management of natural forest throughout the Sabah Foundation Concession. Threats to wetlands include conversion to aquaculture, expansion of rice cultivation, logging of mangroves, pollution, hunting and disturbance at waterbird nesting colonies. Twenty-one (38%) of Malaysias IBAs are officially protected, eight (15%) are partially protected, and 26 (47%) are unprotected.

SOURCES OF IBA DATA

This list of IBAs was compiled by the Malaysian Nature Society, the BirdLife International Partner in Malaysia. The compilation team was Yeap Chin Aik, Anthony Sebastian, Lim Kim Chye and

Table 1. Important Bird Areas in Peninsular Malaysia (see Map 1).

AP = IBA is wholly or partially an Asia-Pacific Waterbird Network site; R = IBA is wholly or partially a Ramsar Site

A1 A3 1 Nakawan Range Partially protected Admin region Perlis Coordinates 634N 10012E Altitude 18733 m Area 28,600 ha Habitats Forest Threatened species Aquila clanga, Treron capellei, Alcedo euryzona, Rhinomyias brunneata Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest 2 Ulu Muda Unprotected A1 A3 Admin region Kedah Coordinates 605N 10100E Altitude 1001,260 m Area 115,300 ha Habitats Forest Threatened species Heliopais personata, Centropus rectunguis, Alcedo euryzona, Aceros subruficollis, Pycnonotus zeylanicus Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest A4i 3 Teluk Air Tawar-Kuala Muda coast Unprotected A1 Admin region Pulau Pinang Coordinates 531N 10026E Altitude Sea-level Area 7,200 ha Habitats Artificial landscapes (terrestrial); Wetlands Threatened species Leptoptilos javanicus, Tringa guttifer Congregatory waterbirds Ardeola bacchus 4 Bintang Range Unprotected A1 A2 A3 Admin region Perak Coordinates 437N 10050E Altitude 601,862 m Area 184,355 ha Habitats Forest Threatened species Aquila clanga, Polyplectron inopinatum, Centropus rectunguis, Pycnonotus zeylanicus, Rhinomyias brunneata Endemic Bird Areas 158: Peninsular Malaysian mountains Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest, AS15: Sundaic montane forest A4i 5 Matang coast Unprotected A1 Admin region Perak Coordinates 455N 10030E Altitude Sea-level Area 43,502 ha Habitats Forest; Wetlands Threatened species Egretta eulophotes, Mycteria cinerea, Leptoptilos javanicus, Heliopais personata, Tringa guttifer Congregatory waterbirds Nycticorax nycticorax, Tringa totanus, Numenius arquata, Numenius phaeopus, Limosa limosa 6 Pondok Tanjung Forest Reserve Unprotected Admin region Perak Coordinates 505N 10045E Altitude 6373 m Area 6,718 ha Habitats Forest Threatened species Leptoptilos javanicus, Centropus rectunguis Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest A1 A3

7 Belum-Temenggor Unprotected A1 A2 A3 Admin region Perak Coordinates 539N 10130E Altitude 1301,533 m Area 283,037 ha Habitats Forest Threatened species Spizaetus nanus, Heliopais personata, Treron capellei, Centropus rectunguis, Alcedo euryzona, Aceros subruficollis, Pycnonotus zeylanicus Endemic Bird Areas 158: Peninsular Malaysian mountains Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest, AS15: Sundaic montane forest

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Important Bird Areas in Asia Malaysia

Taman Negara National Park (IBA 17) is of outstanding importance for threatened Sundaic forest birds. (PHOTO: MIKE CROSBY/BIRDLIFE)

Table 1 ... continued. Important Bird Areas in Peninsular Malaysia (see Map 1).
8 Kledang Range Unprotected Admin region Perak Coordinates 439N 10102E Altitude 501,058 m Area 31,944 ha Habitats Forest Threatened species Pycnonotus zeylanicus Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest A1 A3

9 Central Titiwangsa Range Unprotected A1 A2 A3 Admin region Pahang; Perak Coordinates 413N 10129E Altitude 902,138 m Area142,872 ha Habitats Forest Threatened species Spizaetus nanus, Polyplectron inopinatum, Heliopais personata, Treron capellei, Pycnonotus zeylanicus, Myophonus robinsoni, Luscinia ruficeps, Rhinomyias brunneata Endemic Bird Areas 158: Peninsular Malaysian mountains Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest, AS15: Sundaic montane forest 10 Hulu Gombak-Sungai Lalang forest Unprotected A1 A2 A3 Admin region Selangor Coordinates 311N 10149E Altitude 501,493 m Area 48,641 ha Habitats Forest Threatened species Melanoperdix nigra, Lophura erythrophthalma, Polyplectron inopinatum, Polyplectron malacense, Treron capellei, Centropus rectunguis, Alcedo euryzona, Pycnonotus zeylanicus, Rhinomyias brunneata Endemic Bird Areas 158: Peninsular Malaysian mountains, SA 102: Malayan peninsula lowlands Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest, AS15: Sundaic montane forest A4i 11 North-central Selangor coast Partially protected AP A1 Admin region Selangor Coordinates 320N 10115E Altitude Sea-level Area 4,789 ha Habitats Forest; Wetlands Threatened species Pelecanus philippensis, Egretta eulophotes, Mycteria cinerea, Leptoptilos javanicus, Heliopais personata, Tringa guttifer, Eurynorhynchus pygmeus Congregatory waterbirds Egretta eulophotes, Charadrius mongolus, Charadrius leschenaultii, Numenius phaeopus, Numenius arquata, Limosa lapponica, Limosa limosa, Tringa guttifer, Tringa totanus, Tringa nebularia, Tringa cinerea, Calidris ferruginea, Chlidonias leucopterus, Sterna nilotica, Sterna hirundo, Sterna bengalensis 12 Tanjung Tuan Protected Admin region Melaka Coordinates 224N 10151E Altitude 093 m Area 60 ha Habitats Forest; Wetlands Threatened species Aquila clanga, Treron capellei Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest A1 A3

13 Endau-Rompin Partially protected A1 A2 A3 Admin region Johor; Pahang Coordinates 232N 10320E Altitude 401,036 m Area 89,214 ha Habitats Forest Threatened species Ciconia stormi, Leptoptilos javanicus, Spizaetus nanus, Lophura erythrophthalma, Polyplectron malacense, Heliopais personata, Centropus rectunguis, Alcedo euryzona, Pycnonotus zeylanicus Endemic Bird Areas 158: Peninsular Malaysian mountains, s102: Malayan peninsula lowlands Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest A3 14 Panti forest Unprotected A1 Admin region Johor Coordinates 150N 10354E Altitude 76654 m Area 10,879 ha Habitats Forest Threatened species Ciconia stormi, Leptoptilos javanicus, Spizaetus nanus, Lophura erythrophthalma, Centropus rectunguis, Pycnonotus zeylanicus, Rhinomyias brunneata Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest

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Important Bird Areas in Asia Malaysia

Table 1 ... continued. Important Bird Areas in Peninsular Malaysia (see Map 1).
15 South-west Johor coast Partially protected R Admin region Johor Coordinates 139N 10310E Altitude Sea-level Area 8,650 ha Habitats Forest; Wetlands Threatened species Egretta eulophotes, Mycteria cinerea , Leptoptilos javanicus, Pycnonotus zeylanicus A1

16 Krau Wildlife Reserve Protected A1 A2 A3 Admin region Pahang Coordinates 335N 10202E Altitude 452,108 m Area 60,338 ha Habitats Forest Threatened species Ciconia stormi, Spizaetus nanus, Melanoperdix nigra, Lophura erythrophthalma, Polyplectron inopinatum, Polyplectron malacense, Heliopais personata, Treron capellei, Centropus rectunguis, Pycnonotus zeylanicus Endemic Bird Areas 158: Peninsular Malaysian mountains, SA 102: Malayan peninsula lowlands Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest 17 Taman Negara National Park Protected A1 A2 A3 Admin region Kelantan; Pahang; Terengganu Coordinates 433N 10230E Altitude 1202,187 m Area 431,453 ha Habitats Forest Threatened species Ciconia stormi, Spizaetus nanus, Melanoperdix nigra, Lophura erythrophthalma, Polyplectron inopinatum, Polyplectron malacense, Rheinardia ocellata, Heliopais personata, Treron capellei, Centropus rectunguis, Alcedo euryzona, Pycnonotus zeylanicus Endemic Bird Areas 158: Peninsular Malaysian mountains, SA 102: Malayan peninsula lowlands Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest A1 A3 18 South-East Pahang peat swamp forest Unprotected Admin region Pahang Coordinates 330N 10325E Altitude 076 m Area 325,000 ha Habitats Forest Threatened species Ciconia stormi, Leptoptilos javanicus, Spizaetus nanus, Heliopais personata, Treron capellei, Centropus rectunguis, Pycnonotus zeylanicus Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest

Table 2. Important Bird Areas in Sabah (see Map 2).

WH = IBA is wholly or partially a World Heritage Site

19 Pulau Layang-Layang Unprotected Admin region Coordinates 722N 11350E Altitude Sea-level Area 20 ha Habitats Coastline Congregatory waterbirds Sterna bergii

A4i

20 Crocker Range Protected A1 A2 A3 Coordinates 548N 11620E Altitude c.2,430 m Area 180,000 ha Habitats Forest Threatened species Spilornis kinabaluensis, Lophura bulweri, Pycnonotus zeylanicus Endemic Bird Areas s098: Sabah lowlands Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest, AS15: Sundaic montane forest 21 Mount Kinabalu Protected WH A1 A2 A3 Coordinates 602N 11636E Altitude 6004,101 m Area 110,000 ha Habitats Forest Threatened species Ciconia stormi, Spilornis kinabaluensis, Melanoperdix nigra, Lophura bulweri, Alcedo euryzona, Pitta baudii, Pycnonotus zeylanicus Endemic Bird Areas 157: Bornean mountains; s098: Sabah lowlands Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest, AS15: Sundaic montane forest

Map 2. Location and size of Important Bird Areas in East Malaysia.

19

Area of IBA (ha)

100,000 to 999,999 50,000 to 99,999 10,000 to 49,999 1,000 to 9,999 100 to 999 <100

32 SOUTH CHINA SEA 33 20 28 BRUNEI 55 51 21 22 Sabah 25 26 53 50 49 52 48 47 42 Sarawak 46 44 45 43 K A L I M A N TA N (INDONESIA) 54 31 24

29 23 27 30

125 km

250

34 35

36 38

37

41

39 40

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Important Bird Areas in Asia Malaysia

Danum Valley Conservation Area (IBA 24) is an integral part of Sabah Foundation Concession Area, one of the largest remaining expanses of lowland forest in the Sundaic region. (PHOTO: SARAH FOWLER) Table 2 ... continued. Important Bird Areas in Sabah (see Map 2).
22 Trus Madi Range Unprotected A1 A2 A3 Coordinates 536N 11632E Altitude 7002,667 m Area 184,527 ha Habitats Forest Threatened species Spilornis kinabaluensis, Alcedo euryzona, Pycnonotus zeylanicus Endemic Bird Areas s098: Sabah lowlands Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest, AS15: Sundaic montane forest 23 Kinabatangan floodplain Partially protected A1 A2 A3 A4i Coordinates 537N 11833E Altitude Sea-level Area 100,000 ha Habitats Artificial landscapes (terrestrial); Forest; Wetlands Threatened species Egretta eulophotes, Ciconia stormi, Leptoptilos javanicus, Spizaetus nanus, Lophura erythrophthalma, Treron capellei, Ducula pickeringii, Centropus rectunguis, Alcedo euryzona, Pycnonotus zeylanicus, Setornis criniger, Ptilocichla leucogrammica, Cyornis caerulatus Endemic Bird Areas s097: North-east Bornean islands; s098: Sabah lowlands Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest Congregatory waterbirds Ciconia stormi, Sterna bergii 24 Danum Valley Conservation Area Protected A1 A2 A3 Coordinates 457N 11748E Altitude 1501,090 m Area 43,800 ha Habitats Forest Threatened species Ciconia stormi, Spizaetus nanus, Lophura bulweri, Treron capellei, Centropus rectunguis, Caprimulgus concretus, Alcedo euryzona, Pitta baudii, Pitta nympha, Pycnonotus zeylanicus, Setornis criniger, Ptilocichla leucogrammica, Cyornis caerulatus Endemic Bird Areas 157: Bornean mountains, SA 098: Sabah lowlands Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest, AS15: Sundaic montane forest 25 Maliau Basin Conservation Area Protected A1 A2 A3 Coordinates 440N 11640E Altitude 5001,900 m Area 58,840 ha Habitats Forest Threatened species Spizaetus nanus, Lophura bulweri, Treron capellei, Alcedo euryzona, Pitta baudii, Pycnonotus zeylanicus, Cyornis caerulatus Endemic Bird Areas 157: Bornean mountains, SA 098: Sabah lowlands Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest, AS15: Sundaic montane forest 26 Tawau Hills Park Protected A1 A2 A3 Coordinates 427N 11757E Altitude 301,310 m Area 27,984 ha Habitats Forest Threatened species Lophura bulweri , Alcedo euryzona, Pitta baudii, Ptilocichla leucogrammica, Cyornis caerulatus Endemic Bird Areas EBA 157: Bornean mountains Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest 27 Tabin Wildlife Reserve Protected A1 A2 A3 Coordinates 510N 11845E Altitude 100571 m Area 120,521 ha Habitats Forest Threatened species Ciconia stormi, Spizaetus nanus, Treron capellei, Centropus rectunguis, Alcedo euryzona, Pitta baudii, Setornis criniger, Ptilocichla leucogrammica, Cyornis caerulatus Endemic Bird Areas s098: Sabah lowlands Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest A1 28 Klias peninsula Unprotected A3 A4i Coordinates 521N 11535E Altitude 010 m Area 180,000 ha Habitats Forest Threatened species Egretta eulophotes, Ciconia stormi, Leptoptilos javanicus, Treron capellei, Centropus rectunguis, Pycnonotus zeylanicus, Setornis criniger, Ptilocichla leucogrammica Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest Congregatory waterbirds Ciconia stormi 29 Kabili-Sepilok Unprotected A1 A2 A3 Coordinates 550N 11756E Altitude 0180 m Area 4,300 ha Habitats Forest Threatened species Ciconia stormi, Spizaetus nanus, Lophura erythrophthalma, Treron capellei, Centropus rectunguis, Alcedo euryzona, Pitta baudii, Pycnonotus zeylanicus, Setornis criniger, Cyornis caerulatus Endemic Bird Areas s098: Sabah lowlands Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest

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Important Bird Areas in Asia Malaysia

Table 2 ... continued. Important Bird Areas in Sabah (see Map 2).
30 Kulamba Wildlife Reserve Protected A1 Coordinates 530N 11840E Altitude 070 m Area 20,682 ha Habitats Forest; Grassland Threatened species Ciconia stormi, Leptoptilos javanicus, Centropus rectunguis Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest 31 Sipadan islands Protected A1 A2 Coordinates 412N 11833E Altitude Sea-level Area 11 ha Habitats Coastline; Forest Threatened species Fregata andrewsi, Ducula pickeringii Endemic Bird Areas s097: North-east Bornean islands A4ii 32 Mantanani islands Protected A1 A2 Coordinates 643N 11620E Altitude 030 m Area 61 ha Habitats Coastline; Forest Threatened species Fregata andrewsi, Ducula pickeringii Endemic Bird Areas s097: North-east Bornean islands Congregatory seabirds Fregata andrewsi, Fregata ariel A1 33 Tempasuk plains Unprotected Coordinates 626N 11627E Altitude 03 m Area 40,000 ha Habitats Artificial landscapes (terrestrial); Forest; Wetlands Threatened species Fregata andrewsi, Ciconia stormi, Leptoptilos javanicus A3

Table 3. Important Bird Areas in Sarawak (see Map 2).

WH = IBA is wholly or partially a World Heritage Site

34 Tanjung Datu Samunsam Protected Area Protected A1 A2 A3 Coordinates 155N 10936E Altitude 01,000 m Area 24,180 ha Habitats Forest; Wetlands Threatened species Fregata andrewsi, Egretta eulophotes, Ciconia stormi, Spizaetus nanus, Lophura erythrophthalma, Treron capellei, Centropus rectunguis, Alcedo euryzona, Pitta baudii, Pycnonotus zeylanicus, Setornis criniger, Ptilocichla leucogrammica Endemic Bird Areas 157: Bornean mountains Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest, AS15: Sundaic montane forest 35 Gunung Pueh Unprotected A1 A2 A3 Coordinates 143N 10940E Altitude 502,000 m Area 20,000 ha Habitats Forest Threatened species Treron capellei, Alcedo euryzona, Pycnonotus zeylanicus Endemic Bird Areas 157: Bornean mountains Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest, AS15: Sundaic montane forest 36 Talang-Satang National Park Coordinates 150N 10958E Altitude 0108 m Area 19,414 ha Habitats Coastline Congregatory waterbirds Sterna sumatrana Protected A4i

37 Bako-Buntal Bay Partially protected A3 A4i A1 Coordinates 144N 11025E Altitude 0900 m Area 3,590 ha Habitats Forest; Wetlands Threatened species Fregata andrewsi, Egretta eulophotes, Leptoptilos javanicus, Tringa guttifer, Sterna bernsteini, Pycnonotus zeylanicus, Setornis criniger, Cyornis caerulatus Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest Congregatory waterbirds Egretta eulophotes, Charadrius leschenaultii, Charadrius mongolus, Numenius madagascariensis 38 Bau Limestone Unprotected A1 Coordinates 123N 11009E Altitude 20310 m Area 4,300 ha Habitats Artificial landscapes (terrestrial); Forest Threatened species Pycnonotus zeylanicus Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest 39 Bungo Range Coordinates 114N 11010E Altitude c.1,097 m Area 10,270 ha Habitats Forest Endemic Bird Areas 157: Bornean mountains 40 Unprotected A2 A3

A1 A2 A3 Gunung Penrissen Unprotected Coordinates 107N 11012E Altitude c.1,326 m Area Unknown Habitats Forest Threatened species Ptilocichla leucogrammica Endemic Bird Areas 157: Bornean mountains Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest, AS15: Sundaic montane forest A1 SadongSaribas coast Partially protected A3 A4i Coordinates 143N 11055E Altitude 050 m Area 43,100 ha Habitats Forest; Wetlands Threatened species Egretta eulophotes, Ciconia stormi, Leptoptilos javanicus, Heliopais personata, Tringa guttifer, Columba argentina, Centropus rectunguis, Setornis criniger Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest Congregatory waterbirds Pluvialis fulva, Charadrius leschenaultii, Limosa limosa, Numenius arquata, Numenius madagascariensis, Tringa stagnatilis, Arenaria interpres, Calidris tenuirostris, Calidris canutus, Calidris ferruginea 41 A1 Pulau Bruit National Park Protected A4i Coordinates 247N 11119E Altitude 02 m Area 1,776 ha Habitats Forest; Wetlands Threatened species Egretta eulophotes, Ciconia stormi, Leptoptilos javanicus Congregatory waterbirds Charadrius leschenaultii, Numenius madagascariensis, Tringa cinerea, Limicola falcinellus, Chlidonias leucopterus, Chlidonias hybridus, Sterna nilotica, Sterna hirundo, Sterna albifrons 42 A1 A2 A3 Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary Protected Coordinates 132N 11208E Altitude 601,285 m Area 992,758 ha Habitats Forest Threatened species Spizaetus nanus, Lophura erythrophthalma, Lophura bulweri, Treron capellei, Alcedo euryzona, Pitta baudii, Pitta nympha, Pycnonotus zeylanicus, Setornis criniger, Ptilocichla leucogrammica, Rhinomyias brunneata, Cyornis caerulatus Endemic Bird Areas 157: Bornean mountains Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest, AS15: Sundaic montane forest 43 44

Hose-Laga mountains

Unprotected

A2 A3

Coordinates 215N 11350E Altitude 2002,047 m Area 458,143 ha Habitats Forest Endemic Bird Areas 157: Bornean mountains Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest, AS15: Sundaic montane forest 45

Baleh headwaters

Unprotected

A2

Coordinates 134N 11427E Altitude 6001,969 m Area 22,300 ha Habitats Forest Endemic Bird Areas 157: Bornean mountains

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Important Bird Areas in Asia Malaysia

Table 3 ... continued. Important Bird Areas in Sarawak (see Map 2).
A1 A2 A3 Danum-Linau Unprotected Coordinates 230N 11457E Altitude 2001,846 m Area 223,804 ha Habitats Forest; Grassland Threatened species Polyplectron schleiermacheri Endemic Bird Areas 157: Bornean mountains Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest 46 A1 A2 A3 47 Usun Apau plateau Unprotected Coordinates 256N 11441E Altitude 1,0001,433 m Area 49,760 ha Habitats Forest Threatened species Lophura bulweri Endemic Bird Areas 157: Bornean mountains Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest, AS15: Sundaic montane forest A1 A2 A3 Dulit Range Unprotected Coordinates 312N 11408E Altitude c.1,311 m Area 13,470 ha Habitats Forest Threatened species Spilornis kinabaluensis, Spizaetus nanus, Melanoperdix nigra, Lophura erythrophthalma, Lophura bulweri, Pitta baudii, Pitta nympha, Pycnonotus zeylanicus, Setornis criniger, Ptilocichla leucogrammica, Cyornis caerulatus Endemic Bird Areas 157: Bornean mountains Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest, AS15: Sundaic montane forest 48 A1 A3 49 Similajau National Park Protected Coordinates 324N 11312E Altitude 090 m Area 7,067 ha Habitats Forest; Wetlands Threatened species Ciconia stormi, Spizaetus nanus, Lophura erythrophthalma, Ducula pickeringii, Centropus rectunguis, Alcedo euryzona, Setornis criniger, Ptilocichla leucogrammica Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest A1 A2 A3 Niah National Park Protected Coordinates 347N 11346E Altitude c.394 m Area 3,140 ha Habitats Forest; Wetlands Threatened species Ciconia stormi, Spizaetus nanus, Treron capellei, Centropus rectunguis, Pitta baudii, Pycnonotus zeylanicus, Setornis criniger, Cyornis caerulatus Endemic Bird Areas s098: Sabah lowlands Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest 50 A3 51 Lambir Hills National Park Protected A1 Coordinates 430N 11355E Altitude 60457 m Area 6,952 ha Habitats Forest Threatened species Spizaetus nanus, Centropus rectunguis, Alcedo euryzona, Pitta baudii, Pitta nympha, Pycnonotus zeylanicus , Setornis criniger, Cyornis caerulatus Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest, AS15: Sundaic montane forest A1 Loagan Bunut National Park Protected Coordinates 347N 11414E Altitude c.128 m Area 10,736 ha Habitats Forest; Wetlands Threatened species Ciconia stormi, Leptoptilos javanicus, Pycnonotus zeylanicus Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest 52 A3

53 Mulu Buda Protected Area Protected WH A1 A2 A3 Coordinates 407N 11456E Altitude 282,376 m Area 84,121 ha Habitats Forest; Wetlands Threatened species Ciconia stormi , Spilornis kinabaluensis, Spizaetus nanus, Melanoperdix nigra, Lophura erythrophthalma, Lophura bulweri, Treron capellei, Centropus rectunguis, Alcedo euryzona, Alcedo euryzona, Pycnonotus zeylanicus, Setornis criniger, Ptilocichla leucogrammica, Cyornis caerulatus Endemic Bird Areas 157: Bornean mountains Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest, AS15: Sundaic montane forest A1 A2 A3 Kelabit Highlands Partially protected Coordinates 336N 11529E Altitude 1,2002,423 m Area 164,500 ha Habitats Artificial landscapes (terrestrial); Forest Threatened species Spilornis kinabaluensis, Melanoperdix nigra, Lophura bulweri, Treron capellei, Centropus rectunguis, Alcedo euryzona, Pitta nympha, Pycnonotus zeylanicus, Cyornis caerulatus Endemic Bird Areas 157: Bornean mountains Biomes AS14: Sundaic lowland forest, AS15: Sundaic montane forest 54 A4i A1 Brunei Bay Unprotected Coordinates 503N 11518E Altitude 050 m Area 19,500 ha Habitats Wetlands Threatened species Egretta eulophotes, Ciconia stormi, Leptoptilos javanicus, Polyplectron schleiermacheri, Tringa guttifer Congregatory waterbirds Charadrius leschenaultii 55

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