Parvathy Menon Mr.

Donoho British Novel Utopia Assignment Rationale: The Utopia that I will create is called Utilitaria. An interesting name, dont you think? However twisted and unconventional the ideas may be for this world, it seems to be the best system that would maximize the benefits of every person who resides in it.

First of all, Utilitaria will be based on one motto: The ends justify the means. This phrase, commonly used on Earth, has never been thought about. To put it into simple terms, if a person does something immoral that might hurt another person, but it will eventually help many people, then that action is justified. This viewpoint will be used to determine punishments for any situation. This idea is also known, by name, as utilitarianism. Deontology, the exact opposite of utilitarianism, will be scorned by the public. This is because an idea that says, The means justify the ends, simply does not make sense. Why punish somebody for an action that cannot be reversible once done, especially when it helps a big number of people? However, this does not mean condoning any crime. A person will not be able to pilfer money from a bank and say that this maximizes his benefits, so that he is justified. Every person will be offered a chance to justify any sort of action that needs justification. However, this leads to another important question: who makes major decisions that could affect the world?

Another issue that comes up when discussing this is the type of government. How will citizens be governed, and how will laws be made? This is through an oligarchy of nine people, three from each socio-economic class: rich, common man, and poor. This ensures that they are

most representative of the general public. Also, any bias for a topic will not be taken into consideration with the vote of these nine folks. They will be put into office by family hierarchy so that there are no violations or objections in terms of who is in office. The number nine will make sure that there is a majority vote in any decision made, and decisions can be made by concerned citizens. These nine people can also assign juries in courts that follow the same ratio as the oligarchy: 1/3 poor, 1/3 common, 1/3 rich. This is because there will exist a similar idea to a jury of peers. Also, not all of the responsibilities will lie on the leaders of th e oligarchy, as a result.

Another idea that needs to be considered is the economy. Utilitaria has limited resources, just as any other world would have. As a result, the use of precious resources will be limited to citizens. For example, if water is a necessity, then it would be limited so that citizens would have just enough to be able to do some things, such as take showers or use in food. An average would be deduced by renowned scientists, whose data would be checked to make sure that it is legitimate. Any sort of resource that is not needed will be traded with other worlds for more precious resources. There will be a common currency for the entire world, and it will be based off a metal. This is because a metal will have some sort of value to it, so it is not as easily reproductive as paper money would be. The scale for such an economy would be small so that accurate measurements will be made, and people will be accountable for the money that is hard to obtain, but valuable in its worth.

Some more humane ideas that would need to be looked upon as well include societys relation with the individual. This means that we need to determine what type of obligations both

bodies have to each other. In terms of health and healthcare, the government will have to provide equal types of insurance to people who will be divided into classifications. Workers with jobs that threaten their health more such as hard hat jobs will get more coverage than workers who dont have as many dangers to their health. Furthermore, those who are disabled and injured will be given some sort of a priority over those who are healthy yet seek healthcare because by priority, the latter is not of utmost importance. Society will allow individuals to be independent in terms of family life, job occupations, and more. This means that an individual is encouraged to express what he or she wants to do with their life, and move forward with that. Institutions will be provided so that people can have the opportunities. There will be no social norms that look down upon one job while praising another because that might cause a shortage of people who are interested in a job that is looked down upon.

In conclusion, the aspects of a utopia have been analyzed and discussed. First, the moral code was explained by the motto The ends justify the means, next the way that this utopia, Utilitaria, will be governed, then the economy and how Utilitaria would have its resources, and finally, the obligations of society to its individuals in this utopia. This best constitutes a perfect world in that it maximizes the good for the most number of people, which, at the end, is what a society needs in order to function and thrive. (888 words)

Option #4: Law and Order Utilitarias laws and moral code will be based on a document similar to the U.S. Constitution. It will outline the main premise of the moral code utilitarianism. However, it will also contain the way the legal system is set up. Government, as already mentioned, will be an oligarchy of nine people. This document will also serve as a sort of social contract from the government to the people. As a result, the government will have obligations to its citizens, which would provide an incentive for citizens to abide by laws. If laws are not followed or if they are violated, then they will be punishable based on predetermined sentences for crimes. This means that within the document of laws, there will also be a general rule of thumb for how criminal punishments will be handled. It will be similar to the justice system in America; there will either be monetary penalties or prison-type punishments laid out. Appropriate punishments will be proposed by the oligarchy of nine, and the punishments will be sent out to the general public, from which a vote will be made. Based on majority decisions, punishments will vary. Furthermore, a citizen should be able to assume the fact that if they do infringe upon a persons rights, then their rights are no longer legitimate to the government. This goes back to a revengetype scenario and the common phrase, Treat others the way you would like to be treated. Including this in law code for this society would be beneficial in order to create fetters from the citizenry to the law code. Nobody would voluntarily give up their rights. However, proposing such a consequence for committing crimes would make people think twice. Rights for a person will be determined through a preamble to the law code, similar to the Bill of Rights found i n the United States Constitution today. It would be too dangerous for people to be able to assume what their inherent rights as a person are because that could lead to many conflicts that would require resources of the court and monetary worth. As a result, after careful deliberation, the

oligarchy must choose what constitutes a right that all citizens of Utilitaria should have. Citizens of the common public will also be able to submit suggestions of what they believe should be an inherent right. In order to make sure that the government is not corrupt or too powerful, the oligarchy will not receive any sort of monetary bonus or bias in decisions because that might influence a member of the group to vote a way that they would not naturally vote on. They would have to be satisfied with a standard salary that would be equivalent to the average earned by each social class that they represent. That is not to say that delegates will be paid differently for the same work; it will be in order to represent the entirety of society. This seems to be a problem in current society because all government leaders come from a similar socio-economic background, so many decisions that are made do not represent the vast majority of the people that they represent, which is the lower-middle class. With such a legal system, courts to address crimes, laws interpreted by the oligarchy of nine, a set of rights that all people have, and a binding social contract between the society and the people, this utopia would function and thrive successfully. (573 words)