Europe

Classical Period: Politics

Greece
city-states o aristocracies o direct democracies o Alexander the Great Hellenism
o

Rome
republic dictatorship in times of crisis o senate o Julius Caesar o Augustus Caesar o Constantine
o

Classical Period: Economy

Greece
agricultural o traded wine and grain o traded for Asian spices and art o slavery o sea trade
o

Rome
agriculture in Africa o traded for Asian spices and art o slavery o roads for trade
o

Classical Period: Religion

polytheistic secular Constantine; Christianity in Rome

Classical Period: Culture

Greece
o o o

Rome
o

scholars believed in human goodness art and literature based on religion little scientific innovation; many theories Aristotle, Socrates,

engineering aqueducts and roads large architectural structures domes

Classical Period: Interactions

trade with India, China, and Middle East Punic Wars between Rome and the Phoenicians Alexander the Greats empire Roman empire

Classical Period: Comparisons

Rome Both Han China

republic slavery

foreign invasions large empires patriarchal

bureaucracy no slavery

Classical Period: Continuities

slavery city states (Greece) polytheism (Greece)

Classical Period: Changes

republic to Empire (Rome) Christianity (Rome) increase in power of the emperor (Rome)

Postclassical Period: Politics

Byzantines
o

Holy Roman Empire

feudalism o Charles Martel o Charlemagne o crusades
o

Justinian unified law code autocratic

Postclassical Period: Economy

Byzantines
o o

Holy Roman Empire

manorialsim o little trade
o

commercial center of Europe traded grain and silk

Postclassical Period: Religion

Byzantines
Orthdox Christianity o Great Schism o emperor is head of church
o

Holy Roman Empire

Catholicism o religion very important o Great Schism o pope is head of church
o

Postclassical Period: Culture

Byzantines
Hagia Sophia o Greek language
o

Holy Roman Empire

poor living conditions o technologically backward o large differences between nobility and peasants
o

Postclassical Period: Interactions

Crusades trade with India, Africa, Arabs (Byzantines)

Postclassical Period: Comparisons

W. Europe Both Arabs

little trade Christianity

crusades monotheistic

trade hub Islam

Postclassical Period: Continuities

Feudalism technologically backward Catholicism Slavery

Postclassical Period: Changes

Orthodox Christianity Muslim influence

Early Modern Period: Politics

Enlightenment Constitutional Monarchy (Britain) Absolute Monarchy Feudalism colonization

Early Modern Period: Economy

Mercantilism trading companies large amounts of gold and silver from colonizations large difference in wealth between western and southeastern Europe

Early Modern Period: Religion

Protestant revolution o Lutheranism, Anglican church, Calvinism Martin Luther, Henry VIII, Jean Calvin north became protestant; south remained Catholic English Civil War

Early Modern Period: Culture

massive population increase scientific revolution movable type humanism neoclassicism European-style family - late marriage age, emphasis on families of parents and children

Early Modern Period: Interactions

colonization
o

N. America, Latin America, Southeast Asia, India, coasts of Africa

Battle of Lepanto trade with India

Early Modern Period: Comparisons

W. Europe Both China

mercantilism open to trade

advanced sea travel

regulated market unopen to trade

Early Modern Period: Continuities

Feudalism Slavery

Early Modern Period: Changes

Enlightenment Scientific Revolution Reformation Mercantilism

Industrial Period: Politics

French Revolution
o

start of end of Feudalism

1848 revolutions Imperialism Liberals, Conservatives, Radicals Napoleon, Robespierre Congress of Vienna

Industrial Period: Economy

Industrial Revolution Capitalism Proletariat class bourgeois early Socialism

Industrial Period: Religion

Protestantism Catholicism Russian Orthodox Sunni Islam (Ottoman Empire) religion loses importance

Industrial Period: Culture

poor living conditions romanticism in art realism in art (due to industrial revolution) abolishment of slavery

Industrial Period: Interactions

trade with Africa, N. America, China, India Imperialism

Industrial Period: Comparisons

W. Europe Both Russia

constitutional monarchy industrial

protestant religion patriarchal

feudalism autocracy agricultural

Industrial Period: Continuities

autocracy in Russia expansion

Industrial Period: Changes

capitalism end of Feudalism abolishment of slavery

Modern Period: Politics

World War I & II Cold War Fascism Liberal Democracy end of Imperialism

Modern Period: Economy

Great Depression
o

high unemployment and economic decline

Communism in Russia

Modern Period: Religion

Protestantism Catholicism Russian Orthodox

Modern Period: Culture

poor living conditions womens rights large advances in technology and science

Modern Period: Interactions

World War I & II trade with most of the world

o

N. America, China, etc

Modern Period: Comparisons

W. Europe Both Russia

capitalism liberal democracy

WW I & II

communism autocracy

Modern Period: Continuities

technological and scientific advancement autocracy in Russia

Modern Period: Changes

liberal democracy end of imperialism womens rights