SYNOPSIS FOR BTP411 SEMESTER MARCH-JUNE 2014

THE EFFECTIVENESS TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN CITY CENTRE CASE STUDY: KAJANG SELANGOR, MALAYSIA

SITI NADIRAH BINTI SHUHAIMI 2011431678

CENTRE OF STUDY OF TOWN AND REGIONAL PLANNING FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING AND SURVEYING UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA SHAH ALAM

1. INTRODUCTION

Traffic planning is traveling patterns that exist detailing the effects of socio-economic situation of land use in the area. The transport system and traffic involves the relationship between the total number of origin and destination travel in a zone with its zone. In other words it can be set that travel is one -way movement one or more modes of travel and each trip has an origin and the destination.

Network traffic is a major catalyst to the development of a areas. With the passage system, user access of movement people from one area to another area easier. The be a focus for the development of an area, especially downtown is the effectiveness of there will traffic that is how it affects the overall road users. The effectiveness of traffic and it is often questionable universal issue for urban communities in particular. Therefore, the provision of transport systems and traffic is smooth and balanced very important to support and encourage the development of growth a city as a whole. Traffic management on urban planning is one aspect focused on the development of an area. Each area will or has developed a system requires an efficient communication network and interact with the surrounding area. This is to ensure people can move from one area to another over easy life cycle of migration caused by the demands of education, work, and business financial, family and so on.

Congestion is caused when there are more vehicles than available space on the road, or, stated differently, when traffic demand approaches or exceeds the available capacity of the highway system. Traffic demands vary significantly depending on the season of the year, the day of the week, and even the time of day. Also, the capacity, often mistaken as constant, can change because of weather, work zones, or traffic incidents.

2. RESEARCH BACKGROUND Kajang, is the district capital of Hulu Langat and surrounded by Semenyih, Cheras, Seri Kembangan, Putrajaya and Nilai. The main population centers in Kajang are currently located in Sg. Kantan, Sg.Jelok, Sg.Ramal, Sungai Chua, Sg. Sekamat, Bandar Mahkota, Jalan Reko, Jalan Bukit, Bandar Sungai Long, Bandar Tun Hussein Onn, Cheras Perdana, Taman Prima Saujana, Taman Kantan Permai, Taman Kajang Perdana, Taman Sri Ramal and Taman Kajang Prima. Sungai Chua is the current locational gravity of growth in Kajang.

The property value in Sungai Chua is expected to rise with the construction of MRT Sungai Buloh-Kajang line that will become operational in 2017. The traffic jam increases all kinds of pollution, especially air and noise. Furthermore, people tend to spend more time tuck in the traffic rather than using it efficiently. From my opinion, Kajang will not have the opportunity to develop further as a potential business center especially with the lack of effective public transportation. The current Hentian Kajang is far from what we can call modern, systematic and customer friendly. A rebranding process need to be done. The current state of Sungai Chua does not represent a healthy environment.

The sediments are starting to build up. If further action is not taken to cater this problem, Kajang city center might face with flood every time there is heavy rain. Recently there have flood in Kajang city center that shocking the whole Malaysia. Inefficient pedestrian sidewalk since it does not serve its intended purpose. It causes difficulties for people to use it and certainly does not promote walking in the city center as an option to avoid the traffic jam. Dirty back alley giving a bad image to the city, it gives away the impression that the local community are not interested in a healthy and sustainable lifestyle.

Kajang is a good place to live and recently the number of traffic increase as a fast developing town and become congestion. It happens during the peak time and any program held in Kajang.

3. PROBLEM STATEMENTS Provision of transport systems and very important for assist and encourage the development and growth a city. However, the management of traffic often associated with effectiveness and its application to traffic in developing region. This applies especially to the city centers that often face traffic conflicts. Here are the issues and problems maintenance of traffic:

Traffic System Implementation of traffic management functions as a mechanism for minimizes

traffic problems resulting from the impact of the development on areas. However, for most of the development, traffic management is designed to address current issues and problems without taking into account for the long term. The system of two-way traffic route applied in Kajang is an alternative to the system current traffic.

However, the traffic system is seen as an issue where it is difficult for other road users such as bikers bicycle, pedestrian safety aspects. Also requires a two-way street road user more aware of the traffic. This is for avoid confusion in the course. Traffic movement in the city center also does not run smoothly due to inconsistency between a two-way street and causing bilateral traffic conflicts. Mixing between local vehicles with external traffic on the main street downtown also resulted in an increase in total traffic, especially during peak hours. This led to the use of roads in along two-way streets are not fully effective for consumers.

Requirements for Traffic Signals Control and traffic management measures in place to advise, instruct and

controlling the vehicle drivers on the road. Signals, lighting and road markings required to inform the driver about rules to be followed and any unauthorized use road. Most of the routes in the Kajang city center require the use of signals traffic to ensure the safety of road users more secure. The street furniture and traffic like a sign still less use around the main route of Kajang. This makes it difficult external users who are not familiar with the traffic system in the Kajang city center.

Traffic Conditions Road network in the area of the distress caused Kajang city Centre to road users

due to poor road surfaces. This cause of non- launch traffic flow in the city center. This conflict is increasingly increases because of the absence of pedestrian space in most of the route. These endanger other road users, namely pedestrians and cyclists. In addition, traffic congestion will also occur as a result of developments access from or to PLUS highway and the SILK highways act as catalysts on generating traffic. Kajang provide an alternative route for most public transport, particularly buses. In addition, the Kajang is an area that is expected to be exploited because it also functions as the Klang Valley corridor. Therefore, this path is expected will receive the traffic flow at a higher rate.

Traffic Management Control Local Authorities and the Minister of Work Malaysia have been enacting

legislation and guidelines user traffic to be observed for each development. Though however, traffic management could not provide such great significance the environment of an area being developed. Traffic at the relief centers the city is still a problem or major issue for people in the area of interest in particular and the community in general.

Aspects of Parking Management Ease of parking spaces especially in the Kajang city center is not sufficient cause

users to park on the shoulders the main road around the city center area thus causing congestion and inhibit the flow of traffic.

4. AIM To manage traffic more efficiently for generate system traffic control towards the development of safe and comfortable in the Kajang

5. OBJECTIVES To realize these goals, the following objectives were formulated. Following the objectives of the study: I. II. To understand the current profile development planning in Kajang; To identify the causes and indicators of traffic congestion Kajang development this resulted in an increase traffic generation. III. To analyse of the circulatory system and the hierarchy of roads in the study area. IV. V. To Identification of traffic management measures in Kajang. To give suggestions and recommendation measures and traffic management with the development of Kajang.

6. SCOPE Here are the details of the scope of the study objectives. Among are: I. Review the profile of the current development in Kajang, location , land use , human activity and population related the trip generation in the study area II. To examine the flow patterns and travel demand in terms of volume of traffic time, trip purpose and mode of transport that generate traffic in the study area. III. To evaluate the system in terms of road networks , capacity, width , slope, level of service , design, type of intersection , networking in Kajang related to aspects traffic management to create a balance of development activities physical in the study area IV. To review and assess the control and management of traffic in terms of the use of traffic signals, signs , pedestrian crossings for overcome problems and the efficiency of traffic on road users highway in central Bandar Baru Bangi V. To prepared proposals in the form of strategies and measures control actions that led to the discovery issues and difficulties inherent in the study area to ensure that the level of control and safer traffic management and efficiency based on line guidelines and standards set by the relevant agencies .

7. METHODOLOGY/ RESEARCH PROCESS In order to achieve to aim of this study, several stages area involve in this study:

First stage: Preliminary study

In this stage, the synopsis must be prepared for getting description of study to identify the location, purpose and objective of study as well as the problem statements. Its also important to observe the current situation and finding issue and problem in the study area.

Second stage: Literature review

In the second stage, it is important to grasp the theories regarding the study especially in term of traffic management. This information can be found in book, journals, template, article, report, website and etc.

Third stage: Data collection

There are two types of data collected: primary and second data

a) Primary data are collected through observation, questionnaires as well as interviews. Primary data means raw data collected that has not been tempered or edited by anybody. b) Secondary data are data collected from in book, journals, template, article, report, website and etc. regarding the study. Secondary data means data collected has been edited by somebody.

Fourth stage: Analysis In this stage, the data collected from observation, interview as well as collected from book and journals must be analysed to come with the proposal. The output from the analysis will be presented in graph and charts and will be the basic the proposal.

Fifth stage: Proposal

After analysing all the data collection, issues and problem, several proposals will be suggested to overcome the issue and problem. The proposal must reflect the aim an objectives of the study as well as overcome the issues and problem regarding the traffic management.

Study Flow Chart

First Stage PRELIMINARY STUDY

Second Stage

LITERATURE REVIEW

Third Stage

DATA COLLECTION

Primary Data
Obervation. Field Survey Related Angencies Interview.

Secondary Data
Majlis Perbandaran Kajang. Jabatan Kerja Raya. Ministir Of Work Article, Work Paper and etc. Internet. Related Agencies.

Fourth Stage

ANALYZING DATA
Analyzed issues and problem. Determine the solution to solve the problem. Analyzed the primary and secondary data

Fifth Stage GENERAL PROPOSAL

8. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Traffic System

TRAFFIC ASPECT

Development of area and the increasing the number of population

Expansion of urban areas

TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT: Traffic Managements Needed and Development Malaysian Development

Traffic Management Guidelines & Policy Identification of issues & problems

THE EFFECTIVENESS TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN A CITY CENTER

Traffic System: Land use, development, human activity, etc.

Traffic Flow: flow pattern, volume of traffic, etc.

Circulation, Hierarchy, Etc.

Traffic Management Measures. .

Findings on problems and issues

Perceptions on satisfaction/dissatisfaction

OVERALL THE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN A CITY CENTER

9. SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

The significant of this study is important the traffic in Kajang so that the traffic at Kajang might not have problem in the future. The private vehicles become increasing due to less people use the public transport because the town will have development. With this study, the source of issue will be identified and countered. This will eventually less traffic congestion especially during the peak hour. Since the rise in fuel and tool rates nowadays, this study will help the low and middle income group. This will also benefit the people in Kajang. The need, supply and demand of good traffics might help their social-economy, life style, and quality of life.

10. REFERENCES 1) Akta Jalan, Parit Dan Bangunan, Akta 133 (1974). Kuala Lumpur, International Book Services. 2) Alan M. Voorhees and Associates, Inc. (1965). Parking Requirements For ShoppingCenters. Technical Bulletin 53, London, The Urban Land Institute. 3) Benepe, Berry (1965). Pedestrian In The City:Traffic Quarterly. New York, RandomHouse. 4) Black J (1981). Urban Transport Planning: Theory And Practice. London, Croom Helm. 5) Chalesworth J.A. (1979). Control And Routing Of Traffic In A Road Network. Traffic Engineering & Control, Butler & Tanner Ltd, London. 6) Danial Mohamed (1993). Pengenalan Tinjauan Dan Analisis Lalulintas. Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. 7) Davis. E. (1968). Traffic Engineering Practice. London, E and F.N Spon. 8) Devlin George A. et al. (1979). Dimensions Of Parking. Urban Land Institute, Washington D.C, Scripta Book Company. 9) Draft Manual for Traffic Impact Assessment (2000). Fourth Malaysian Conference, Road Engineering Association of Malaysia.
10) Driving Scheme Area For Strategic Purpose. The Straits Times, 31 Januari

1997.

11. GANTT CHART

GANTT CHART March- June 2014

Task
Chapter 1 (Introduction) Indentify Problem Goal and Objective Scope and Study Area Chapter 2 & 3 (Literature and Study Area) Collecting Secondary Data such as journal, article and book. Gather information from related agencies agency such as MIROS, JKJR, and etc. Creating Observetion and Questionaire Form Chapter 4 (Collecting Data and Analysis) Interviewing the Related Analysis Site Survey Analyzing Data Chapter 5 & 6 (Proposal and Conclusion) Proposal that solve the entire issues and related with study. Correction of any minor mistake.

July 2014- January 2015

January 2015-July 2015

Example:
METHODOLOGY FLOWCHART OF THE STUDY

Literature review and Background Study

Research questions, Aim and objectives

Field Observation Structured Interview Survey Unstructured In-depth Interview Survey

The four domains that covers the QOL of the residents in the low cost flats. SHAH ALAM (A planned city) KLANG (An unplanned city)

Measurable Indicator Scores and the Grounded Theory technique

Research Findings and Discussions

Example:

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Have yet be
Industrial & Economic Policy URBANISATION TRENDS

Natural increase in urban population and in-migration from rural and other urban areas

Expansion of urban areas

URBAN HOUSING ISSUES: Affordable housing & provision of facilities & utilities Malaysian Development Low-cost Housing Policy Identification of issues & problems
IMPLICATIONS FOR QUALITY OF LIFE ON THE RESIDENTS IN LOW-COST FLATS

Household Characteristics: Income, education, occupation, age, activities, etc.

Social environment: Neighbouring and community activities, association, safety, cleanliness, etc.

Community facilities, accessibility and satisfaction.

Neighbourhood environment: safety, landscape, air & noise pollution etc.

Findings on problems and issues

Perceptions on satisfaction/dissatisfaction

OVERALL QUALITY OF LIFE IN LOW COST FLATS

Emphases of Quantitative, Mixed and Qualitative Research

Quantitative Research Scientific method Deductive or top-down The researcher tests hypothesis and theory with data Mixed research Deductive and Inductive Qualitative research Inductive or `bottom-up

View of human behaviour Most common research Objectives Focus

Behaviour is regular and predictable Description, explanation and prediction Narrow-angle lens, testing specific hypothesis

Behaviour is somewhat predictable Multiple objectives Multi-lens focus

Behaviour is fluid, dynamic, situational, social, contextual and personal Description, exploration and discovery Wide-angle and `deep-angle lens, examining the breadth and depth of phenomenon to learn more about them. Study behaviour in natural environments Study the context in which behaviour occurs Subjective, personal and socially construed

Nature of observation

Attempt to study behaviour under controlled conditions

Study behaviour in more than one context or condition Commonsense realism and pragmatic view of world (i.e. what works is what is real or true) Multiple forms

Nature of reality

Objective (different observers agree on what is observed)

Form of data collected

Collect quantitative data based on precise measurement using structured and validated data collection instruments (e.g. closed-ended items, rating scales, behavioural responses) Variables Identify statistical relationships Generalize findings

Collect qualitative data (e.g. indepth interviews, participant observation, field notes and openended questions) The researcher is the primary data collection instrument

Nature of data Data analysis Results

Mixture of variables, words and images Quantitative and Qualitative Corroborated findings may generalize Eclectic and Pragmatic

Words, images, categories Search for pattern, themes and holistic features Particularistic findings Representative of insider (i.e. emic viewpoint Narrative report with contextual description and direct quotations from research participants

Form of final report

Statistical report (e.g. with correlations, comparisons of means and reporting of statistical significance of findings)

Source: Johnson & Christensen 2007