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[Fed Tapering:Part1 of 2] Meaning of Fed Tapering, its Negative Impact on Indian Economy, Worst case scenarios, Balance of Payment Crisis, explained
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Prologue What is Fed tapering Why is it called Fed Tapering? How can Fed Tapering affect India? Worst case scenario [WCS] by Fed Tapering 1. WCS1: Hot money gone / Flight of Capital 2. WCS2: Weaker Rupee= bigger CAD + bigger inflation 3. WCS3: Exports may not increase 1. Dushmani 4DEVYANI= less EXPORTs 2. Special 301 report & Priority status= less EXPORTs 6. BoP crisis: How can that happen? 7. Can Fed Tapering really cause BoP crisis?
Prologue
1. you already know about Quantitative easing and its impact on Indian economy. Click me. So far we know that: 2. in this article, well learn the basics of Fed tapering and its (possible) negative impacts on Indian Economy. 3. in the next article= Steps taken by RBI +Government to immunize Indian economy against the negative impacts of Fed Tapering (currency swap agreements etc.) click
me
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In the first article, we saw that: Subprime crisis: Investors money stuck in mortgage backed securities and other toxic assets. You may visualize this as a Draught of dollars. Quantitative Easing American RBI (US Feds) launched a program to buy toxic assets and government securities from market. Result? Dollar supply increased. (Because central bank is buying stuff from someone and paying them in dollars.) You may visualize this as American RBI opened all gates of the dam to send maximum quantity of water (dollars) to American farmers. Although lot of that water- went to Chinese and Indian farmers as well! QE was carried out in three phases. Finally in Dec 2012, Chairman Ben Bernanke announced that hell stop this water-supply when EITHER unemployment rate is <6.5% OR inflation is >2.5%. Because each condition implies that American farmers are booming, hence no need to give them lot of irrigation water (dollars) under Rajiv Gandhi Sinchaai yojana Quantitative Easing.
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Dec 2013: Finally Chairman Ben Bernanke sees American farms are booming, there is no need to release lot of water from dam (dollar supply). [in reality unemployment rate became lower than 6.5%] So, he starts closing dam-gates one after another. Result? water supply (dollar) reduced. This is fed tapering. Observe Time Dec 2013 Jan 2014 Feb 2014 March 2014 Bond Buying Program (Billion USD) 85 75 65 55
At this rate, canal doors should completely shut down @October 2014. (Because now the new Chairman Jenet Yellen is reducing the water supply (dollars) by 10 billion USD per month.)
In above graph, observe that the Width of canal / graph is decreasing constantly. (in other words, Dollar supply is decreasing). Tapering is a mechanical term, to describe such constant decrease in width. And since this is being done by US Federal Reserve, so we call it Fed Tapering. Formal definition: Fed tapering is the gradual reduction in the bond buying program of the US Federal Reserves.
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Let me summarize that in a table: Indian point of view Dollar Supply FDI-FII ExchangeRate Rs. becomes Strong Quant. Easing HIGH Increase 09=50 10=44 Down due to Subprime + Greece/Eurozone crisis. Export
Since QE = increase dollar supply and Fed tapering= decrease in dollar supply, so by common sense, every effect should become reverse, right? Indian point of view Dollar Supply
Export
Quant. Easing
HIGH
Increase
Fed Tapering
Medium
Decrease
March13: $1=55 Not as high as expected. May 13(rumor of (more given in later Fed tapering paragraphs) starts) Sep 13: $1=66 Rs.
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Lets not waste more time in ball by ball commentary and jump directly to:
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Rajan/Chindu did not have to keep giving such explanations to media.) So lets check the possible worst case scenarios. How can Fed tapering hurt Indian economy?
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USFAA
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United States Trade Representative (USTR) writes this report. Deals with IPR (intellectual property rights) related matters. US government also uses this report to decide future trade policy. Experts believe, India will also get negative review in this 301 report. Because Indian authorities have hurt the IP-interests of Pharma MNCs. For example Novartis Bayers pharma SC rejected patent claim over their blood cancer drug (Glivec) Indian Patent office allowed NATCO to product the same blood cancer drug (NEXAVAR).
If we get negative review in Special 301 report = USTR can classify India as Priority foreign country Priority tag sounds VIP right? Nope infact it is bad news. Because USTR has powers to penalize priority countries e.g they can to impose higher duty/taxes and quota restrictions on Indian exports to USA. (and WTO may not help India in this case.) Since USA accounts for ~12% Indian exports. So imagine the negative consequences on Balance of Trade (Because export will decline). Ofcourse, one can argue that Indian drugs are bad quality or that Indian IPR/Patent law sucks. Therefore, USAs actions are justified. But we are the same country since last three years- yet until now American regulatory bodies did not take any action. BUT ONLY after Devyani case and within just one month (February 2014) , they suddenly start all this regulatory activism=> something fishy, revenge mindset, will hurt Indian exporters.
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In each of them, further weve incoming money (credit) and outgoing money (Debit). For the sake of understanding, lets observe a BoP data from 2012-13 (USD million dollars).
In otherwords, we had Current account surplus of ~90 billion $ in 2012-13. Now lets do total 2012-13 Current Capital Error Omission Overall Million USD -88000 +89300 +2689 +4000 (Approx.)
What happens to this overall surplus 4 billion USD? Three things can happen Then +4 billion USD = more supply of onions (dollarS) in the Desi Forex market. This will change in rupee-dollar exchange rate, because of laws of supply n demand. Balance of payment will become zero.
1. Do nothing.
Same as above.
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A.Current account B.Capital account C.Error Omission Overall (from A+B+C) Overall surplus sent to RBIs forex reserve Balance of Payment
Meaning, as long as Capital account has more money than Current account, well have surplus. But what happens IF we dont have surplus (i.e. capital account has less money than current account)? It happened in 1991s BoP crisis. Observe the data 1991 (Apr-Sep) Current Capital Overall Balance Million $$ -6634 +4808 -1826
In above table, We dont have any surplus! See we had deficit of ~2 billion USD. (=pothole is created). IF we want to get final Balance of payment ZERO then someone (Rajan, Mohan, Chindu, Rajesh Khanna or Shakti Kapoor) must pour in +2 billion US dollars to fillup this pothole. But in the 1991, RBI did not have sufficient forex reserve to fillup this pothole with dollars. (RBI had barely ~730 million USD, while pothole was ~2 billion). If this pothole is not filled up, then what will happen? 1. Extreme shortage of onions (dollars) in Indian forex market. => price of 1 onion(dollar) will go as high as 500 Rupees or even more! 2. Then, We wont have dollars to pay for our crude oil imports= economy collapses. This is called Balance of Payment (BoP) crisis. Solution? We had to pledge ~65 tonnes of gold to IMF to borrow ~2.3 billion USD. That money was used to fillup the BoP pothole. We also initiated LPG reforms, to ensure that in future we have sufficient capital surplus so BoP crisis doesnt happen again. Enough flashback of 91, Back to original moving:
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Dushmani 4Devyani angle, + weak rupee=input cost high. So export may not bring that much dollar. Yes, definitely Outgoing dollars high because of crude oil + gold imports = CAD will be huge. Fed tapering= dollar supply decreased = less FII than earlier era (under Quantitative easing era) FII may pullout existing money from Indian market, to re-invest in USA or elsewhere. Not correct. RBI has sufficient backup RBIs own Forex reserve: ~300 billion USD BRICS bank backup: 100 billion Japan Currency swap backup: 50 billion = total atleast 450 billion USD backup. (more details after few paras.)
Yes, may be
Hell NO!
Meaning, 1. Fed Tapering unlikely to cause BoP Crisis v2.0 in India 2. because THIRD pre-condition is not met. (And thats because RBI DOES have large forex reserve + backup to fillup the pothole.) Nonetheless, prevention is better than cure. In the next article, well see the steps taken by RBI +Government ot immunize Indian economy against the negative impact of Fed Tapering. Courtesy: Mr.Shivaram G. for inputs. Visit Mrunal.org/Economy For more on Money, Banking, Finance, Taxation and Economy.
URL to article: http://mrunal.org/2014/03/fed-taperingpart1-2-meaning-fed-taperingnegative-impact-indian-economy-worst-case-scenarios-balance-payment-crisisexplained.html Posted By Mrunal On 27/03/2014 @ 22:47 In the category Economy
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