Reactance modulator

Practical Phase Modulator

Explaination: Carrier signal applied directly to output through C1 and C2. Also to the gate of FET through C1. Series of capacitance C1 and C2 and resistance of FET source to drain produce a leading phase shift of current in FET; leading voltage at output. Carrier signal that is applied to gate FET varies the FET current. The leading voltage across R1 also controls the FET current. These two signals that controls result in a phasor su! of current. "odulating signal is applied to the gate of FET#it also controls the current in FET. Changes the a!plitude relationship of the two controlling inputs $efore thus producing a phase shift that is directly proportional to the a!plitude of !odulating signal. Thus the carrier output varies in phase and a!plitude. Fro! output passed through a class C a!plifier or fre%uency !ultiplier to re!ove the a!plitude variations $ut preserves the phase and fre%uency variations. Problems: &nly capa$le of producing s!all a!ont of phase shift'2()*. Thus li!ited fre%uency shift.

Using a Tuned Circuit for PM

Operation: "odulating signal is passed through low pass networ+ 'R, - C.*/provide a!plitude co!pensation necessary to produce F"0 "odulating signal appears across R1 'potentio!eter*.2otentio!eter acts as deviation control higher !odulating voltage higher the fre%uency deviation.

"odulating signal applied to 31 through C1. RFC has high i!pedance at carrier fre%uency to !ini!i4e the loading of tuned circuit which will reduce the 5. 6hen !odulating signal7( capacitance of 31 and C2 and 81 will set the resonant fre%uency of tuned circuit. 6hen !odulating signal goes negative capacitance increases reactance decreases thus circuit $eco!e capacitive it produce a leading phase shift. The tuned circuit loo+s li+e a capacitor to the RF a!plifier9s output; output lags input.

6hen !odulating signal goes positive capacitance decreases reactance increases circuit $eco!es inductive the tuned circuit loo+s li+e inductor to RF a!plifier9s output and so output leads input.

This result in a wide phase shift thus linear fre%uency deviation.

Advantage:easy i!ple!entation isadvantages: 1* a!ount of phase shift thus fre%uency deviation is relatively low

2* All the 2" cct produced a!plitude variations thus need other !eans to re!ove the!. !re"uenc# emodulator !oster $eele# iscriminator%the oldest and the best& Ratio etector%a variation of !oster $eele#& Pulse Averaging iscriminator 'uadrature etector ifferential Pea( etector%in )C form that uses differential amplifiers& Phase *oc( *oop emodulator