1. The deflecting torque of an ammeter varies as the square of the current through it.

If a current of 5 A produces a deflection of 90, what deflection will occur for a current of A when the instrument is ! a. spring controlled ". gravit# controlled
Td = K d I 2 Spring Control : TC = S Posisi akhir : Td = TC

Kd 2 I S
2 I2 I12

1 I2 = 12 2 I2

2 = 1

= 90x = 32,4

3 5

Gravity Control : TC = K g sin sin 1 I2 = 12 sin 2 I2 sin 2 = sin1 x

2 I2 = 0,36 I12

= 21,1

$. A moving coil instrument has the following data ! num"er of turn 100, width of coil $ cm, depth of coil cm, flu% densit# in the gap 0,1 &e"er per m$. 'alculate the deflecting torque when carr#ing a current of 10 mA. Also calculate the deflection if the control spring constant is $0 % 10() *m per degree.
Td = NBIld = 60 x106 Nm TC = S = 20 x106 Nm Td = TC

= 30

A oving !oil instr" #nt $hos# r#sistan!# is 25 %h giv#s a &"ll s!al# '#&l#!tion $ith a !"rr#nt o& 1 A( )his instr" #nt is to *# "s#' $ith a anganin sh"nt to #xt#n' its rang# to 100 A( Cal!"lat# th# #rror !a"s#' *y 10C ris# in t# p#rat"r# $h#n : a( !opp#r+ oving !oil is !onn#!t#' 'ir#!tly a!ross th# anganin sh"nt( *( a ,5 %h anganin r#sistan!# is "s#' in s#ri#s $ith th# instr" #nt oving+!oil )h# t# p#rat"r# !o#&&i!i#nt o& !opp#r is 0,004 %h -%h -C an' that o& anganin 0,00015 %h -%h -C(

a( m =

100 = 100 Im 1 R 25 R sh = m = = 0,2525 m 1 99 =

Kenaikan temperatur 10 o C Rmt = 2511 + 10 x0,0040 = 26 2 sht = 0,252511 + 10 x0,000150 = 0,2529 Ar"s / /
t

pa'a saat ar"s / = 100 A : 0,2529 = 100 x = 0,963 mA 26 + 0,2529

t

Kesalahan p#ng"k"ran aki*at k#naikan t# p#rat"r 10 o C =

0,963 1 x100. = 3,,. 1

*( )ahanan total pa'a rangkaian #t#r = 2 + 2 s$ = 25 + ,5 = 100 R 100 2 sh = m = = 1,01 m 1 99 Kenaikan temperatur 10 o C Rmt = 2511 + 10 x0,0040 + ,511 + 10 x0,000150 = 101,11 2 sht = 1,0111 + 10 x0,000150 = 1,0115 Ar"s / /
t

pa'a saat ar"s / = 100 A : 1,0115 = 100 x = 0,9903 mA 101,11 + 1,0115

t

Kesalahan p#ng"k"ran aki*at k#naikan t# p#rat"r 10 o C =

0,9903 1 x100. = 0,9,. 1

1. The inductance of a moving iron ammeter with a full scale deflection to 90 at 1,5 A, is given "# the e%pression ! +, $00 - .0 ( .$ ( microhenr# where is the deflection in radian from /ero position. 0stimate the angular deflection of the pointer for a current of 1,0 A.

 = 90 =

rad 2 dL = 40 3 3 2 d "nt"k = : 2
dL = 40 3 x 31 0 2 = 20 4-ra' d 2 2

1 I 2 dL dL = , k#tika ar"s / = 1,5 A 5 = 5 = 20 4-ra' 2 S d 2 d

1 11,50 2 = 20 x10 6 2 2 S
S = 1,6 x10 6 Nm - rad Simpangan "nt"k ar"s / = 1,0 A 1 11,00 2 = 140 3 3 2 010 6 6 2 1,6 x10 3 2 + 31,2 40 = 0

= 1,266rad = 6,

$. 'alculate the constants of a shunt to e%tend the range of 0 1 5 A moving iron ammeter to 0 1 50 A. The instrument constant are 2,0,09 3hm and +,90 microhenr#. If the shunt is made non( inductive and the com"ination is correct on d.c., find the full scale error at 50 4/.

/ /

50 = 10 5 7 sh =

2=

2 0,09 = = 0,01 + 1 10 + 1

7 7 = sh 2 2 sh

7 90 x 10 +6 2 sh = x 0,01 4 = 10 4 2 0,09 / = 2 sh x / =5 A 2 + 2 sh / = = 2 sh

Ar"s s#arah = 50 A

Ar"s *olak *alik 50 48 = 50 A

( 2 + 2 sh ) 2 + 2 72
0,01
2

x/ = 4,31 A

( 0,09 + 0,01)

+ 2x 50 x 90 x10

6 2

6rror =

4,31 + 5 x 100 . = + 3,3 . 5

Alat Astatis :