Hei ght and Di stance

itroduction
1. Angle
I f a straight line OA rotates about the point 'O' called
r-e vertex f rom its initial position to the new position OA'.
Then the angle AOA', denoted as ZAOA' , is f ormed. The
aigle may be positive or negative depending up on their
rotation. I f the straight line rotates in anticlockwise direction
i positive angle is f ormed andi f it rotates in clockwise direc-
-on a negative angle is f ormed. An angle is measured in
:egree ().
1 Quadrants
Let X'OX and Y OY ' be two lines perpendicular to
:h other. The point 'O' is called the origin, the line X'OX is
lied X axis and Y OY ' is called the Y axis. These two lines
ide the plane into 4 parts. Each part is called a QUAD-
WT. The part XOY, Y OX', X'OY ' and Y 'OX are respec-
s\y known as 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th quadrants.
Angle of Elevation
I f an object A' is above the horizontal line OA we
ave to moveour eyes in upward direction through an angle
KOA' then the angle AOA' is called theangle of elevation.
I. Angle of Depression
I f an object O is below the horizontal line A'O' and
*e are standing on the point A' then we have to move our
i>es in downward direction through an angle O'A'O. This
ingle O'A'O is called theangle of depression.
5. Trigonometric Ratio
Let ABC be aright angled triangle. Also let the length
:: the sides BC, AC, and AB be a, b and c respectively. Then
AC
1) The ratio
perpendicular b .
= =sm6
BC
2) The ratio
AC
3) The ratio -
\nd also remember that
1
sin0
hypotenuse
base a
= =cosS
hypotenuse c
perpendicular _ b _
base a
(Hi) cote:
t a n 0
(iv) t a n 0 =
sin 9
cos 6
. COS0
(v) cot9 =
1 ' sin 9
(vi) cos2 9 +si n2 9 =1
(vii) 1 + tan2 9= sec2 9 (viii) cot2 9 +1 = cosec29
6. Values of the trigonometric ratios for some useful angles
4- Ratio/Angle(9)-+ 0 30 45 60 90"
sine 0
1
2
1
&
S
2
1
cos 6 1.
s
2
1
V2
1
2
0
tan 6 0
1
5
1
s
00 -
sec 9 1
2
73
J5
' ' ' 2' ' CO
cosec6 2
42
2 ^
s
L i
cote CO 1
1
r
0
Rule 1
Problems Based on Pythagoras Theorem
Phythagoras Theorem => h2 = p2 +b2 (see the f igure)
(i) cosec0 = (ii) sec 9 =
Illustrative Example
Ex: The f ather watches his son f l ying akite f rom a dis-
tanceof 80 metres. The kite is at a height of 150 metres
directly above the son. How f ar is the kite f rom the
f ather?
Soln: Distance of the kite f rom the f ather =FK
COS0
624 P R A C T I C E B OOK ON Q U I C KE R MATHS
(FKf=(FSf+{SKf
[From the above theorem]
.-. FK =V(l 50)2 +(80)2 =170 metres.
I * 9 mm
Exercise
1. The father watches his sonfl ying akitefrom a distance
of 3 km. Thekite is at a height of 4 km directly above the
son. How far is thekitefrom the father?
a) 5 km b) 1 km c) 7 km d) None of these
2. The father watches his sonfl ying akitefrom a distance
of 10 metres. Thekite is at a height of 24 metres directly
above the son. How far is thekitefrom the father?
a) 26 m b)28m c) 25m d) Data inadequate
Answers
l .a 2.a
Rule 2
Theorem: A man wishes to find the height of a flagpost
which stands on a horizontal plane, at a point on this plane
he finds the angle of elevation of the top of the flagpost to
be 9, . On walking x units towards the tower he finds the
corresponding angle of elevation to be 92* Then the height
x tan 9, tan0,
(H) of the flagpost is given by
tan92 -tan0,
units and
the value of DB (See the figure given below) is given by
.tan 9,
tan0, -tan0
units.
Illustrative Example
Ex: A man wishes to find the height of a flagpost which
stands on a horizontal plane; at a point on this plane
he finds the angle of el evation of the top of the
flagpost to be45. On wal king 30 metres towards the
tower he finds the corresponding angle of elevation
to be60. Find the height of the flagpost.
Soln: Detail Method: AB =height of flagpost =x m
I n AABD
tan 60 =
AB
BD
BD
s
....(i)
tan 45=-
AB
BD + DC
+ 30 = x
V3"
= 30
30V3 7 ,
x = 7lm
0.732
Quicker Method: Appl yi ng the above theorem, we
have
the required height of the flagpost
30 x tan 45 x tan 60
tan 60 - tan 45
30x ^3x 1 30V3
71 m.
V J - l 0.732
Note: 1. The angle of elevation of a lamppost changes from
9, to 92 when a man wal ks towards it. I f the height
of the lamppost is H metres, then the distance trav-
7/(tan92 - tan 9^
elled by man is given by
tan 9,. tan 92
metres.
2. I f the time for which man walks towards lamppost is
given as't' sec then speed of the man can be calcu-
lated by theformul a given below.
Speed of the man=
H tan92 - tan 9,
t tan 9,. tan 92
m/sec
Ex: The angle of elevation of a lamppost changes from
30 to 60 when a man walks towardsit. I f the height
of the lamppost is l oV3 metres, find the distance
travelled by man.
Soln: Appl ying the above theorem, we have
the distance travelled by man:
r-f 1 A
10V3 V J - ^=
V J x - L
=20 metres.
Exercise
1. The angle of elevation of a lamppost changes from 30"
to 60 when a man wal ks 20 m towards it. What is the
height of the lamppost?
640
PRACTICE BOOK ON QUICKER MATHS
Then, ZDOB =30,
ZDOA =45 &AC = BD = 3000 m.
Let AB = h.
.: =cot 30 =S =>OD = (3000x S)
DB
m
=cot 45 =1 =>OC = 3000 m
AC
Distance covered in 15 sec = AB = CD = OD-OC
= (3000V3 - 3000) M =2196 m
.-. Speed of the plane
'2196 1
) Q x 60x 60 I k m / hr =527 km/hr
10. d; Hint: Let AB be the cl i ff and C and D be the two
positions of the fishing trawler.
Then, ZACB =30 and ZADB =60
Let AB = h
h
And, = col30 = fi =>AC = fih
AB
AD
Now, r- =cot60 =
f
CD = AC- AD = fih-
2h
J L
Let u m/min be the uniform speedof the trawler.
Distance covered in 6 mi n =611 metres.
2h
:. CD =6u :
6u =>h =3A/3!(
, n A 3V3 w .
Now, A D = ~^= = 3 w
Time taken by trawler to reachA
Distance AD 3u
3mi n.
speed u
11. c; Hint: Let AB be the tower and BC the flagstaff.
Then, BC = h Let O be the observer.
5
Then, ZAOC = 45 and Z/4<3B =9.
0/4
Now, =cot45 =l
h + -h
5
04 =- / j
5
.-. tan 6 =
AB h 5
OA ~ 6 ^" 6
12. d; Hint: Let C be the cloud and C'be its reflection in th
lake.
C
AB
Now, - ^- =tan30 =- = r =>x- 200 ==
AB VJ VJ
Also, =tan60 =V3
x +200 =(/15)V3
V3(x-200) =
.-. C5 =400 m
x +200
or, x =400