I.

Types of Interaction between Organisms

Symbiosis is any relationship that involves two or more species living and
interacting together.

1. Parasitism Symbiosis in which one organism benefits while the other is
harmed. In this relationship, the parasite is benefited while the host is harmed.
Examples:
Tapeworms living in humans.
Mistletoe living on a tree
Leeches living in cattle
2. Mutualism This refers to two organisms both benefiting from one another.
Example:
Clownfish living in a sea anemone. The clownfish chases the
anemones predators while the clownfish is protected by the sea
anemones stinging cells.
Lichen is composed of a fungus and algae growing together.
The fungus gets food from the photosynthesizing algae, and the
algae gets a place to live.
3. Commensalism Is a relationship between two organisms in which one
organism benefits while the other is not benefited nor harmed.
Examples
Orchid attached on a trunk of a tree. The orchid doesnt take
anything away from the tree but it just attached itself to get
exposure to the much-needed sunlight.
A bird nesting on a tree.
Oysters on a mangrove.
Summarization: See the table below.
Type of Symbiosis 1
st
Organism 2
nd
Organism
1. Commensalism + +/-
2. Parasitism + -
3. Mutualism + +

Other types of Symbiosis are:
1. Predation It is the consumption of one living organism, plant, or animal by another. It is
also known as Predator-Prey Relationship
Foxes (Predator) feeding on Rabbit (Prey)
Spider (Predator) feeding on Crickets (Prey)
Wolves (Predator) feeding on Deer (Prey)
2. Competition It is when animals compete with both members of the same species and
with other species for food, resources, hiding places to avoid predators and protect their
young, territory, or nest sites.
Types of Competition
Intraspecific Competition It is the type of competition among organisms of
the same kind. Examples of this are sheep competing for food in order to live.
Interspecific Competition is the type of competition among organisms of
different kinds. Different organisms compete for food, space, and territory.
Different kinds of fish in the marine ecosystem compete for food.
3. Cooperation Is a type of interaction between organisms where organisms cooperate
with each other for their survival.


Size Up

I. Identify the relationship between the following:

_______________ 1. Flea and Dog
_______________ 2. Orchid on a Tree
_______________ 3. Mongo seeds in a pot
_______________ 4. Barnacles on Crab
_______________ 5. Cat and Rat
_______________ 6. Tiger and Deer
_______________ 7. Sheep, Goat, Lamb population in a farm
_____________ 8. Bees supplying food for their colony
_______________ 9. Clownfish in a sea anemone
_______________ 10. Venus flytrap feeding on flies

II. Identify the following.
_________________ 1. It is also known as Prey Predator Relationship or
Vice-Versa
_________________ 2. It is a type of relationship in which two organisms benefit
from each other.
_________________ 3. It is a type of relationship in which one organism benefits
while the other is harmed
_________________ 4. It is the type of relationship in which one organism
benefits while the other is neither harmed nor benefits.
_________________ 5. It is the type of relationship in which organisms of
different or same kinds compete for resources.
_________________ 6. It is the type of relationship in which organisms of the
same kind work with each other to cope with their survival.
_________________7. It is any relationship in which two or more organisms
living and interacting with each other.
_________________ 8. It is the type of competition in which different organisms
compete for different resources.
_________________ 9. It is the type of competition in which organisms of the
same kind compete for resources.
_________________ 10. What is the eater of the prey?
_________________ 11. The one that is benefited in Parasitism.
_________________ 12. One that is harmed in Parasitism.
_________________ 13. Consists of a fungus and an algae growing together.
_________________ 14. The one that consumes the prey.



III. Answer the following briefly and in complete sentences or in other figures if
asked to.

1. Describe Symbiosis. (2 points)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________.
2. Differentiate the Major Types of Symbiosis. (5 points)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________.
3. Explain the difference and Similarities between Parasitism and Predation
using the Venn diagram. ( 3 points)





4. Give Different examples of Commensalism. (3 points)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
____________

II. Cycle of Nutrients in the Ecosystem
Different Types OF Cycles In The Ecosystem
1. Nutrient Cycle Begins with the release of nutrients from organic matter by
weathering and decomposition in a form that can be picked up by plants. Plants
absorb nutrients available in the soil and water and store them in their tissues.
When animals eat plants, the nutrients are transferred to the animals tissues.
These nutrients are transferred from one trophic level to another in a food web.
When these animals die, decomposers act upon them. These nutrients are released
by bacterial and fungal decomposition, a process that reduces complex organic
compounds into simple inorganic compounds. These compounds will mix with
the soil and are available to be used by the plants. As plants again gather nutrients
from the soil the cycle will start again.























2. Carbon Dioxide-Oxygen Cycle Shows the independence of plants and animals
for gases in the ecosystem. Plants produces oxygen and Animals take in the gases
released by the plants as they convert it to carbon dioxide which is needed by
plants. Most organisms use oxygen from the air for respiration. During
respiration, food is broken down into carbon dioxide and water, with the
corresponding release of energy.

Figure 1 Nutrient Cycle
Figure 3 Carbon Cycle








3. Carbon Cycle The chief reservoirs of CO
2

are the atmosphere, oceans, and
rocks. Carbon Dioxide readily dissolves in water. Once dissolved, it may
precipitate as solid rocks called limestone (called Calcium Carbonate). Corals and
Algae bring about this chemical reaction that builds up limestone reefs.
Carbon enters the atmosphere when plants and animals decay, living things
exhale, and when fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, gasoline, and natural gas, are
burned. In all these processes carbon is released in form of carbon dioxide.











Figure 2 Oxygen - Carbon Dioxide Cycle




4. Nitrogen Cycle (Nitrification is the product of Nitrate with the help of
Nitrifying Bacteria.) Denitrifica