Conventional Jackets

"Conventional jackets" can be divided into two (2) main categories: baffled and non-baffled.
Baffled jackets often utilize what is known as a spirally wound baffle. The baffle consist of a
metal strip wound around the inner vessel wall from the jacket utility inlet to the utility outlet.
The baffle directs the flow in a spiral path with a fluid velocity of 1-4 ft/s. The fabrication
methods does allow for small internal leakage or bypass around the baffle. Generally, bypass
flows can exceed 1/3 to 1/2 of the total circulating flow.
Conventional baffled jackets are usually applied with small vessels using high temperatures
where the internal pressure in more than twice the jacket pressure.
Spirally baffled jackets are limited to a pressure of 100 psig because vessel wall thickness
becomes large and the heat transfer is greatly reduced. In the case of an alloy reactor, a very
costly vessel can result. For high temperature applications, the thermal expansion differential
must be considered when choosing materials for the vessel and jacket. Design and construction
details are given in Division 1 of the ASME Code, Section VIII, Appendix IX, "Jacketed Vessel".
Heat Transfer Coefficients: Conventional Jackets without Baffles
(h
j
D
e
/ k) = 1.02 (N
Re
)
0.45
(N
Pr
)
0.33
(D
e
/ L)
0.4
(D
jo
/ D
ji
)
0.8
(N
Gr
)
0.05

Eq. (1)
Where:
h
j
= Local heat transfer coefficient on the jacket side
D
e
= Equivalent hydraulic diameter

Figure 1: Conventional
Jacket

Figure 2: Schematic of Conventional
Jacket
N
Re
= Reynolds Number
N
Pr
= Prandtl Number
L = Length of jacket passage
D
jo
= Outer diameter of jacket
D
ji
= Inner diameter of jacket
N
Gr
= Graetz number
The Reynolds Number is defined as:
N
Re
= DV/
Where D is the equivalent diameter, V is the fluid velocity, is the fluid density, and is the
fluid viscosity.
The Prandtl Number is defined as:
N
Pr
= C
p
/ k
Where Cp is the specific heat, is the viscosity, and k is the thermal conducitivity of the fluid.
The Graetz Number is defined as:
N
Gr
= (m C
p
) / (k L)
Where m is the mass flow rate, C
p
is the specific heat, k is the thermal conducitivity, and L is the
jacket passage length.
The equivalent diameter is defined as follows:
D
e
= D
jo
-D
ji
for laminar flow
D
e
= ((D
jo
)2 - (D
ji
)2)/D
ji
for turbulent flow



















Conventional Jackets with Baffles
For conventional jackets with baffles, the following can be used to calculate the heat transfer
coefficient:
h
j
D
e
/k= 0.027(N
Re
)
0.8
(N
Pr
)
0.33
(/
w
)
0.14
(1+3.5 (D
e
/D
c
) ) ( For N
Re
> 10,000)
Eq. (2)
h
j
D
e
/k = 1.86 [ (N
Re
) (N
Pr
) (D
c
/D
e
) ]
0.33
(/
w
)
0.14
( For N
Re
< 2100 )
Eq. (3)
Two new variables are introduced. Dc is defined as the centerline diameter of the jacket passage.
It is calculated as D
ji
+ ((D
jo
-D
ji
)/2). The viscosity at the jacket wall is now defined as
w
. When
calculating the heat transfer cofficients, an effective mass flow rate should be taken as 0.60 x
feed mass flow rate to account for the substantial bypassing that will be expected. D
e
is defined
at 4 x jacket spacing. The flow cross sectional area is defined as the baffle pitch x jacket spacing.

Figure 3: Schematic of Conventional Jacket
with Baffle