The Sayano Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station that is located in place called

khakassia near Russia.The operation of the powerplant is started on December 19, 1978.t
was then the lar!est and powerful power station in Russia ."n #o$ember 19%1,there a
!eolo!ists whom disco$ered the perfect location for the powerplant to built.&fter the
powerplant was built,they called them as a landmark in Russia where it stands about '()
meter in hei!ht and con*uered about one kilometer.
+nfortunately, on &u!ust 17, ',,9, the powerplant was hit by an accident.The accident
happened due to the broken of one of the turbines in the powerplant. The powerplant was
entirely flooded and resulted to the e-plosion of the transformer.
The purpose writin! the report is to know the history of the powerplant as well as the
processes and the mana!ement operation of the powerplant. also would like to know the
key factor of the disaster happened and the conse*uences happened in $arious way due to
its disaster.
The construction of waterwork of the Sayano Shushenskaya .ydroelectric power plant is
uni*ue in si/e and it is complicated too thus makes the powerplant into low !ra$ity
concrete dam.The powerplant is looks pictures*ue and attracti$e due to its uni*ue
construction.The area of the powerplant is $ery hu!e which has a '() m of hei!ht,
1,7(.( m in crest len!th and 1,).7 m in width in base.The radius at the headwaters of the
dam is %,,m.
&bout 0, million tonnes of water is pressuri/ed to maintain the stren!th and stability in
the dam.& 1)m depth is measured to plant the dam at the left and ri!ht side of the banks
se$erally.& solid punch on the rock with a depth of )m is produced with a 1,m of base of
the base line.1rom the desi!n,we can know that it reduces the *uantity of concrete about
',,,,,,,, m
3
compared to other !ra$ity dams.
The dam can be di$ided into 0 sections which is spillway,the station and the coastal parts
of the deaf. The radial seams and the cross2 section at the four pillar is the two sections
which is under the concrete !routin! dam body.There a many processes take place in the
dam which is the collection and remowal of draina!e water,placement test and status of
the dam.&ll these processes are checked by a horse face in the dam which are arran!ed
len!thwise !allery.
&bout ele$en thousand units of measurement and controlled e*uipment are placed in the
dam to control the condition of the powerplant.The pumpin! process in the draina!e
happens when a 0.)m width from the upstream side to 1)m of slope !allery spaced from
the bottom of the !routin! and draina!e.3y usin! 0.)m width, 0.,m hei!ht and 00'.0m
abo$e the ma-imum le$el of the lower bay, the 4allery number ' is used to remo$e the
draina!e of the water from the dam. To measure and control the obser$ation of the dam,
the 4allery number 0 is desi!ned with the mark of 0((.1)m.
The operational spillway is located at the ri!ht of the dam spillway with the len!th of
189.%m. & concrete stillin! well with the len!th of 1((.8m is built in the lower reach to
protect the bedrock from attrition and clear up the ener!y.To pre$ent the floodin! area at
the downstream of the yenisei ri$er, a sparin! re!imen water is allowed to flowed at the
stillin! basin with the ma-imum ser$ice spillway capacity of 10,9, m0 5 s 6)(,m 17+8.
There are '1 sections 61%20%8 in the station on the dam.The total len!th of the sections are
001.%m from the bottom of the water to the powerhouse in which in a ad9acent
direction.The border of the transformer platform consists an area of 000m.& capacity of
%(, :; of 1, radial2 a-ial hydraulic unit is placed in the en!ine room.t can withstand
19( m of ma-imum static pressure in the dam.There a 1, fi-ed water inlets in the 6section
1%20%8 inside the dam.The water runs downstream throu!h the lined concrete with the
diameter of 7.)m.The water then reaches the dead stora!e le$el of the reser$oir throu!h
the holes of the lined concrete with the thickness of 1.)m.
The shore of the dam distrupts with the deaf shore of the dam resultin! empty the left
bank of the rid!e.The reser$oir has an area of %'1km'.There are 01.0km0 of total
capacity of the reser$oir.The annual flow in ran!e of the dam has an a$era!e $alue of
(%.7 km 0.The stora!e area of the ri$er basin are 179,9,, km '.t helps the water flows
throu!h the ali!nment of the plant.
&fter the lon! succesfull run of the powerplant,unfortunately,the Sayano Shushenskaya
hydroelectric powerplant was hit by a massi$e accident on &u!ust17,',,9.
&ppro-imately, 7) people was found dead after the incident.&bout 9 turbines in the
station was dama!ed.The en!ine room and the turbine hall also dama!ed due to the
floods and causes the ceilin! of the turbine hall collapsed.This accident was the recorded
as the worst accident in the powerplant history.
&fter analy/in! the accident,they found out the prime factor behind this incident
occurred.t was the problem in Turbine ' in the power station.This is because this turbine
had already faced many technical difficulties before the accident happens.The turbine had
problems with the mechanical seal,the $ibrations of the shaft of the turbine and surface of
the bearin! on the turbine was not stable when the turbine is installed in 1979.Then,after
the accident,they found out that the !o$ernor of the oil pipe is broken and the debris was
in!ested.The turbine 7 and 9 were also hea$ily dama!ed due to the floods in the en!ine
room.
They also found out that the accident happened because the draft tube had a blocka!e due
to the collapse of one of the draft tube piers.<olesniko$, a Russian en!ineer and
hydraulic turbine specialist stated that there a an e-treme twistin! force that released to
the head co$er either from the bearin! of the turbine or upper runnin! mechanical
seals.This causes the studs is not sheared properly.&nother cause was found out where
the failure of the automatic shutdown system of the water inlet pipes when the turbine
stop functioned.
1urthermore,the co$er of the turbine was opened after the turbine had dama!ed due to the
$ibration.This is because the nut is went missin! from the bolt of the turbine co$er.They
only found out that after the accident when they reco$ered the bolts.& report su!!ested
that durin! the same day before the accident happened, there was a power station of
3ratsk was cau!ht in fire which affect the si!nalin! and automatic dri$in! system with
other power station in that re!ion,includin! the Sayano Shushenskaya power station.This
causes the turbine re!ulator reduces the output power of the turbine '.
Since the bolts that keeps the turbine co$er to!ether with the turbine is broken,a hi!h
pressure of water which is about ', bars spinnin! throu!h the unco$ered turbine as the
rotors mo$es up and finally causes the machinery hall installations to be dama!ed.&ll the
rooms were flooded due to hi!h pressure of water entered and resultin! the dama!e on
the entire plant constructions.
&le-ander toloshino$, the former director of the powerplant stated that the *uality of the
turbine is poor..e found out that the turbine blade is not reliable and it mi!ht cause the
accident to happen.
The Sayano Shushenskaya powerplant accident !i$es many conse*uences in many
way such as in health, nature and en$ironment and e$en in finance.The accident
also leads to a massi$e economic downpour in Russia because it was the bi!!est and one
of the oldest power plant station in that country.
The first effects which is badly affects human which 7( people are reported dead and
some of them was buried in the dam as they considered as dead.:a9ority of the turbines
in dam the dam was hea$illy dama!ed and there are also dama!es happened in se$eral
transformers in the dam.
The incident also !i$es a ma9or blow for the companies whom are hea$illy depend on
this power station due to the station cheaper power supplies.t leads them to pay hi!her
for the electrical char!es and this affect the companies economics badly.
The accident also !i$es a serious impact on the nature en$ironment and wildlife.This
is because,when the accident happened tonnes of oils inside the transformer was
concentrated in two fisheries nearby the dam.The result leads to the killin! of a hu!e
*uantity of trout fishes.
1urthermore,the incident also !i$es a hu!e impact in Russia hydroelectric economy
where the industry has a serious drop at the share price in Russia stock market about a
millions in losses and it is predicted to continue in many years to come.
The Russian !o$erment are also ha$e to pay millions of compensations for the family
of the $ictims and for the sur$i$ed workers.:oreo$er, it also affects the board members
of the powerplant where the director of the Sayano shushenskaya power station is
replaced as he responsible for the incident happened.
1inally,the accident affects the finance as well where they ha$e to spend about 01,
million dollars to reconstruct the dam and it is really takes a $ery lon! time to repair the
dama!e.&bout million *uantities of aluminium were lost after the incident.
The Sayano Shushenskaya incident !i$es ma9or impact in $arious aspects.;e should
take a bi! step in order to pre$ent this kind of accident happens in the future,by that we
can impro$e the safety precautions at the power station.
The first step that can be be taken is to enhance the en$ironment protection.3y this step
taken, they can impro$e ecolo!ical safety, make the power station more reliable,eco2
friendly and impro$es the !enerates of the ener!y. The purpose of the en$ironment
protection are to make the en$ironmental safety as the top priority in the part of the
national security.The hydroelectric power station also can a$oid any ne!ati$e impact in
$arious sta!es.The efficiency of the ener!y resources also will increase and this can sa$e
ener!y as well.To a$oid any ne!ati$e effects on the power station, they can use any
pre$enti$e measure.
1urthermore,they can impro$e the parts that works in the powerplant by usin! marine
bodies proportionally.t also can reduce pollution in the marine bodies.The production
waste also can be reduced.The output products can be impro$ed by reducin! the specific
dischar!e and pollutant emissions.t also can make sure an impro$ed reparation in the
biolo!ical water when reconstructin! the power station.
& !ood mechanisms and conditions must be followed by the powerplant to a$oid any
ne!ati$e impacts.The steps can be taken is by impro$in! the technical re!ulations and
standards of the powerplant.To impro$e the en$ironmental protection,the en$ironment
mana!ement system must be introduced.
n order to pre$ent any pollutions in the powerplant, they must use the best technolo!ies
that e-ists.This step also can help to reduce any ne!ati$e en$ironment impact in the
powerplant.They also must ensures that the employee and the workers of the power
station to follow the en$ironment safety and labour protection standards when workin! in
order to pre$ent any accident happen.3y followin! all the step, the Sayano Shushenskaya
hydroelectric power station can a$oid any ne!ati$e impacts and operates effecti$ely.
1rom the Sayano Shushenskaya incident,we can conclude that before they be!in the
construction of the powerplant, they should analyse the pro9ect desi!n in e$ery aspects in
order to build a stable and stren!th powerplant that wont cause any dama!es on the
future.
The en!ineers should check the parts of the power station such as the nuts and the bolts
fi-ed properly.This is to ensure the turbine in the power station works properly without
any error because this issue was one of the reason that the accident has happened.
;e can also conclude that this kind of incident would badly affect the country=s
economy.This is because after the accident,the minor companies that depends on the
power station had to pay hi!her for power supplies as the hydroelectric industry dropped
badly in the share market as well.
This kind of incident also would cause pollution to the surroundin! and would badly
affects humans as well. >astly, the incident would cost a hu!e amount to reconstruct the
power station.
http?55li$in!sta.hubpa!es.com5hub5The2Sayano2Shushenskaya2dam2hydro2electric2power2
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http?55www.ieee!hn.or!5wiki5ima!es5b5bf5Russia2hydro2accident.pdf
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an!l.ya/B1).,7.11.pdf