Chapter 12 objectives and outline

Level 1 Items
1. Recognize Mendel's experiments and their role in the scientific discovery of genetic
principles.
2. Identify Mendel's Laws of Genetics.
3. Recognize the use and application of probability in genetics.
4. Recognize the basic Mendelian crosses and genetic terminology.
5. Recognize various extensions of Mendelian genetics and their effect on inheritance patterns.
6. Identify human traits that exhibit Mendelian inheritance patterns.
7. Recognize methods used in genetic screening and counseling.


Outline

A. Mendel's Model as a Case Study in Scientific Process
1. Mendel's Experimental Approach
a. Historical Overview of Genetics
b. Mendel's Pea Experiments
1. Peas and their Traits
2. Pea Flowers Structure
3. Example Cross
4. Results and Importance
2. Mendel's Law of Segregation
a. Mendel's Hypothesis
1. Alleles
2. Equal Parental Contributions
3. Dominant and Recessive
4. Gamete Production
b. Law of Segregation Defined
c. Useful Terminology
1. Heterozygous and Homozygous
2. Phenotype and Genotype
d. The Basic Mendelian Crosses Summarized
1. Six Basic Crosses
2. Expected Ratios
e. Test Cross
1. Definition
2. Applications
3. Inheritance and Probability
a. Definition of Probability
b. Multiplication Rule
c. Application to Genetics
4. Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment
a. Dihybrid Cross Example
b. Definition of the Law
c. Application in Genetics

B. Extending Mendelian Genetics
1. Incomplete Dominance
a. Definition
b. Example
c. Effect on Mendelian Ratios
2. Codominance
a. Definition
b. MN Blood Group Example
c. Effect on Mendelian Ratios
3. Multiple Alleles
a. Definition
b. ABO Blood Group Example
c. Effect on Mendelian Ratios
4. Pleiotropy
a. Definition
b. Example
5. Epistasis
a. Definition
b. Examples
c. Effect on Mendelian Ratios
6. Polygenic Inheritance
a. Definition
b. Methods of Detection
c. Examples
d. Effect on Mendelian Ratios

C. Mendelian Inheritance in Humans
1. Human Pedigree Charts
a. Why Used
b. Basic Symbols
c. Dominant Inheritance Pattern
d. Recessive Inheritance Pattern
2. Recessive Traits - Human Examples
a. Albinism
b. Cystic Fibrosis
c. Tay-Sachs
d. PKU
e. Sickle-Cell Anemia
3. Dominant Traits - Human Examples
a. Huntington's Disease
b. Other Examples
4. Multifactorial Disorders
a. Genetic Influence
b. Environmental Influence
5. Genetic Screening and Counseling
a. Fetal Testing
1. Amniocentesis
2. Chorionic Villi Sampling
b. Newborn Screening
c. Counseling Calculations
1. General Formula
2. Example Calculations