21. A Fabry Perot laser active region has an index of 3.55 and a cavity length of 1.65 mm.

If
the laser has a dominant mode output of 9mW and a most dominant secondary mode
output of 1.5mW, calculate the mode separation and the mode suppression ratio.

Index, n= 3.55 cavity length, L= 1.65mm Dominant mode output, Pm=9mW
Ps = 1.5mW

i) Mode separation

ii) Mode suppression ratio
















22. Define external power efficiency. Give the corresponding formula and explain it briefly.

The external power efficiency of the device
ep
in converting electrical input to optical output
is given by:

=
T

Where P=IV is the d.c. electrical input power and P
e
= power emitted

23. What is the spectral bandwidth of an LED? Draw the spectral bandwidth curve and
explain.


Spectral bandwidth is the wavelength interval in which a radiated spectral quantity is not less
than half its maximum value. It is a measure of the extent of the spectrum. For
a Light Source typical spectral widths are 20 to 60 nm for a LED . LEDs are narrow band
emitters. Typically, the bandwidth is 30nm wide. ILT Light Sources LEDs have spectral peaks
from 430nm up to 700nm in the visible light range and 880nm and 940nm in the near infrared
range. The spectral properties of an LED are important to aid manufacturers in their design
efforts and process control. End-users use these values in determining the correct LED for their
application.
23. When a LED has a 2 V applied to its terminals, it draws 100 mA and produce 2 mW of
optical power. What is the LEDs conversion efficiency from electrical to optical power?
Given V = 2V
I = 100mA
P
0
= 2mW
LED conversion efficiency, from electrical P
E
to optical power P
O

24. A simple system consist of a transmitter with a source responsivity of 0.0125 W/A, a
fiber with a loss of 8.0 dB, and a receiver. What is the power at the receiver in dBm for a
12-mA diode drive current?

Power Receive in dBm,