Bibliography

"1918 Flu Pandemic." History.com. Accessed April 28, 2014. http://www.history.com/topics/1918-flu-pandemic.

Stats for the 1918 flu epidemic

"The 1918 Influenza Pandemic." The 1918 Influenza Pandemic. Accessed April 28, 2014. http://virus.stanford.edu/uda/.

Helped learn about the 1918 flu epidemic.

"About Pandemics." Home. Accessed April 28, 2014. http://www.flu.gov/pandemic/about/index.html.

This article described the consequences of illnesses and flu on the economy.

"Annual Foodborne Illnesses Cost $77 Billion, Study Finds | Food Safety News." Food Safety News. Accessed April 28,
2014. http://www.foodsafetynews.com/2012/01/foodborne-illness-costs-77-billion-annually-study-finds/
#.U09JZWSgmqQ.

I used this article to find out the cost of foodborn illnesses in US per year.

"Assessing the Feasibility of Eliminating Malaria." WHO. Accessed April 27, 2014. http://www.who.int/en/.

The WHO site, which obviously talks about their goals, mission, programs etc. and has lots of helpful information
about anything health-related, including viruses.

AVERT. "HIV and AIDS in Africa." HIV and AIDS Information and Resources. 2013. Accessed April 27, 2014. http://
www.avert.org/hiv-and-aids-africa.htm.

A great site with lots of statistics, as well as problems and solution ideas for AIDS.

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. "Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation." HIV. 2014. Accessed April 28, 2014. http://
www.gatesfoundation.org/What-We-Do/Global-Health/HIV.

This site is the site for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and goes in-depth about what the foundation is doing to
fight AIDS.

"Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation." Foundation Fact Sheet. Accessed April 27, 2014. http://www.gatesfoundation.org/Who-
We-Are/General-Information/Foundation-Factsheet.

This website gave information about the economic aspect of the Gates Foundation.

"Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation." Who We Are. Accessed April 28, 2014. http://www.gatesfoundation.org/Who-We-Are.

This website gave background information and goals of the Gates Foundation.

"Bulletin of the World Health Organization - Migration of Health-care Workers from Developing Countries: Strategic
Approaches to Its Management." Bulletin of the World Health Organization - Migration of Health-care Workers from
Developing Countries: Strategic Approaches to Its Management. Accessed April 29, 2014. doi:This website mainly
told me about the plans that organizations are making to help create solutions for healthcare and viruses.

"CDC and Partners Turn the Tide against Malaria." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. April 25, 2014. Accessed
April 28, 2014. http://www.cdc.gov/features/WorldMalariaDay/.

Insight into the eradication of malaria

"Center for Global Health." Funding Agencies for Global Health Opportunities. Accessed April 28, 2014. http://
cgh.uchicago.edu/page/funding-agencies-global-helath-opportunities.

Funding sources for medical research and global health was found here.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed April 28, 2014. http://www.cdc.gov/owcd/eet/Cost/fixed/3.html.

How much it costs to have people sick and how to evaluate the COI.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. February 13, 2014. Accessed April 28, 2014. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/
hexpense.htm.

This site gave public health information. Especially US spendings.

Clark, Emma. "Sars Strikes Down Asia Tourism." BBC News. May 15, 2003. Accessed April 28, 2014. http://
news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/3024015.stm.

The article described the correlation between the decrease in Asian tourism due to SARS and the economy.

College of Physicians of Philadelphia. "Top 20 Questions about Vaccination." History of Vaccines RSS. 2014. Accessed
April 29, 2014. http://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/articles/top-20-questions-about-vaccination#18.

A great website about vaccines and the history of vaccines, not exactly my subtopic but a helpful source nonetheless.

College of Physicians of Philadelphia. "Viruses and Evolution." History of Vaccines RSS. January 15, 2014. Accessed April
28, 2014. http://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/articles/viruses-and-evolution.

This was a great site early on for learning the basics; what a virus is, how it works etc.

"The Cost of Swine Flu." The Economist. July 27, 2009. Accessed April 28, 2014. http://www.economist.com/node/
14115951.

Provided information on the effects of the swine flu in global GDP.

"Countries That Spend the Most on Health Care." 247wallst.com. Accessed April 28, 2014. http://247wallst.com/special-
report/2012/03/29/countries-that-spend-the-most-on-health-care/3/.

It listed the top 5 countries that spend the most on health care.

DeNoon, Daniel J. "AIDS Cure Possible, Top Scientists Say." WebMD. July 20, 2012. Accessed April 29, 2014. http://
www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/news/20120720/aids-cure-possible-top-scientists-say.

This site explains why the AIDS virus is so tough, but reveals the discovery that a vaccine is possible. It also goes into
depth about treatment and prevention of AIDS, very helpful.

"Disease Eradication." History of Vaccines RSS. Accessed April 28, 2014. http://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/articles/
disease-eradication.

Included past eradication of viruses.

"Disease Eradication." History of Vaccines RSS. Accessed April 28, 2014. http://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/articles/
disease-eradication.

Insight into disease eradication

"The Economic Cost of a Flu Pandemic." About.com Economics. Accessed April 28, 2014. http://economics.about.com/od/
healthcareeconomics/a/flu_pandemic.htm.

Gave info about the economic impacts of SARS and flu viruses

Edmonds, Molly. "What Is a Virus, and How Does It Become a Danger to Human Life?" HowStuffWorks. March 17, 2010.
Accessed April 29, 2014. http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/cellular-microscopic/virus-danger.htm.

Another good how viruses work website; just give some background info and explains how the virus works within the
human body.

"Financial Crisis and Global Health." WHO. Accessed April 28, 2014. http://www.who.int/topics/financial_crisis/en/.

This website told me the effects of the crippling economy on developing countries.

"Financials." Rotary. Accessed April 28, 2014. https://www.rotary.org/en/financials.

I used this website to gain some general knowledge of the Rotary Club.

"Financials." Rotary.org. Accessed April 28, 2014. http://sites.rotary.org/en/AnnualReport/2012-13/financials/Pages/
ridefault.aspx.

I used this website to go in depth about the financials of the Rotary Club.

"Financing Global Health 2010: Development Assistance and Country Spending in Economic Uncertainty." IHME. Accessed
April 28, 2014. http://www.healthmetricsandevaluation.org/publications/policy-report/
financing_global_health_2010_IHME.

Provided charts and tables on health expenditures around the world.

"Finding Solutions. Together." Improving Access to Health Care for the Poor, Especially in Developing Countries. Accessed
April 29, 2014. doi:This site showed me how much money is being paid, who is being effected, what people should do
to help, and what some causes are.



Gave me stats about chronic disease in America.

"Global Economic Collapse Explained." YouTube. March 10, 2013. Accessed April 29, 2014. https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=sf4I5qN2Wfk.

This is a YouTube video explaining the financial crisis.

"Global Health Funding and Economic Development." Globalization and Health. Accessed April 28, 2014. http://
www.globalizationandhealth.com/content/8/1/8.

The historical context was given by the explanation of the global financial crisis.

"Global Health." The World Economic Forum. Accessed April 28, 2014. http://www.weforum.org/issues/global-health.

This website had information about the stakeholders involved.

"Health Care Around the World." - Global Issues. Accessed April 28, 2014. doi:This site mainly showed me the different
types of care that people get and don't get.

"The Health Crisis in Developing Countries." The Health Crisis in Developing Countries. Accessed April 29, 2014. doi:This
site told me a lot of percentages on how many children are dying etc.

"Health Reform Trends, Research and Analysis." Health Reform Trends Research and Analysis. Accessed April 29, 2014.
doi:this website gave me amazing graphs and some major crisis that have happened.

"Hepatitis: Frequently Asked Questions." WHO. Accessed April 29, 2014. doi:This is a major organization website that
showed me all the disease that groups are working on to help right now.

Herper, Matthew. "Big Pharma Failures Light the Way to Change." Forbes. August 16, 2012. Accessed April 28, 2014. http://
www.forbes.com/sites/matthewherper/2012/08/16/big-pharma-failures-light-the-way-to-change/.

The article highlights some solutions that the pharmaceutical companies can use.

Herper, Matthew. "The Cost Of Creating A New Drug Now $5 Billion, Pushing Big Pharma To Change." Forbes. August 11,
2013. Accessed April 27, 2014. http://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewherper/2013/08/11/how-the-staggering-cost-of-
inventing-new-drugs-is-shaping-the-future-of-medicine/.

Background and other information of the pharmaceutical industry was given.

Herper, Matthew. "How A Failed Alzheimer's Drug Illustrates The Drug Industry's Gambling Problem." Forbes. August 08,
2012. Accessed April 28, 2014. http://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewherper/2012/08/08/how-a-failed-alzheimers-
drug-illustrates-the-drug-industrys-gambling-problem/.

This article describes the challenges and problems that the pharmaceutical companies face.



How we could eradicate measles

"How We Got Rid of Smallpox, Why It Matters - Humanosphere." Humanosphere RSS. Accessed April 28, 2014. http://
www.humanosphere.org/2010/08/how-smallpox-got-beat-why-it-matters/.

Historical solutions from smallpox

http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/6/2/5.full.pdf.

Showed me medical studies of AIDs and other virues.

https://www.cartercenter.org/resources/pdfs/news/health_publications/itfde/updated_disease_candidate_table.pdf.

Possible eradicable diseases

http://users.cms.caltech.edu/~adamw/papers/epidemic.pdf.

Minimizing the economical cost of an epidemic

http://www.apha.org/NR/rdonlyres/8FA13774-AA47-43F2-838B-1B0757D111C6/0/APHA_PrevFundBrief_June2012.pdf.

Learned about preventative health care allocation of funds to these programs.

http://www.gatesfoundation.org/~/media/GFO/Documents/Annual%20Reports/2012_Gates_Foundation_Annual_Report.pdf.

This is a financial annual report of the Gates Foundation for 2012.

http://www.healthcare.philips.com/main/shared/assets/documents/bioshield/
ecoandsocialimpactofemerginginfectiousdisease_111208.pdf.

Gave me insight into the social and loss of productivity of having a infectious disease.

"The Impact of Tropical Diseases." ASTMH. Accessed April 29, 2014. http://www.astmh.org/Content/NavigationMenu/
Education/TropicalMedicineQA/Impact.htm.

A good website that talks about the dispersion of healthcare and viruses in different economic and physical regions of
the world.

"Influenza, an Ever-evolving Target for Vaccine Development." Influenza, an Ever-evolving Target for Vaccine Development.
Accessed April 27, 2014. http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/news/130201_flu.

Explained how influenza spreads and mutates

Institute of Medicine (US) Forum on Microbial Threats. "GLOBAL INFECTIOUS DISEASE SURVEILLANCE AND
DETECTION: ASSESSING THE CHALLENGESFINDING SOLUTIONS." Summary and Assessment. July 18,
0000. Accessed April 29, 2014. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK52862/#summary.s1.

A great site that explains the importance of diagnosis and detection of disease, and talks about programs to increase the
awareness of disease surveillance around the world.

Knox, Richard. "$1,000 Pill For Hepatitis C Spurs Debate Over Drug Prices." NPR. Accessed April 28, 2014. http://
www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/12/30/256885858/-1-000-pill-for-hepatitis-c-spurs-debate-over-drug-prices.

This article went in depth about the new drug, Solvadi. It is used to cure Hepatitis C.

"Malaria." UNICEF. Accessed April 28, 2014. http://www.unicef.org/health/index_malaria.html.

I used this article to find information about the impact of malaria on Africa.

"Mission, Role and Pledge." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. April 14, 2014. Accessed April 28, 2014. http://
www.cdc.gov/about/organization/mission.htm.

The CDC website, just background information about CDC's role, mission, goals, programs etc.

Nakashima, Ellen. "Cracks Start to Show In Thailand's Model Anti-AIDS Program." Washington Post. July 10, 2004.
Accessed April 29, 2014. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A39914-2004Jul9.html.

This site explains Thailand's currently extremely successful anti-AIDS program, but also shows how it may no be as
good as Thailand is portraying.

Nebehay, Stephanie, and Barbara Lewis. "WHO Slashes Budget, Jobs in New Era of Austerity." Reuters. May 19, 2011.
Accessed April 28, 2014. http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/05/19/us-who-idUSTRE74I5I320110519.

This article talked about the recent budget cuts to the WHO.

Nebehay, Stephanie. "China's Bird Flu Outbreak Cost $6.5 Billion." Reuters. May 21, 2013. Accessed April 28, 2014. http://
www.reuters.com/article/2013/05/21/us-birdflu-idUSBRE94K0ZQ20130521.

Provided some insight into how the bird influenza is impacting China's economy.

NIH. http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3327542%2F.

Gave me insight into the costs of having an infectious disease.

"Policy Statement Database." APHA:. October 28, 2008. Accessed April 28, 2014. doi:This site was helpful because it told me
why these problems are happening and what needs to be done to help it.

Reuters. "$84,000 For A 12-Week Treatment? Pharma Trade Group Defends Hepatitis Drug Cost." The Huffington Post.
April 10, 2014. Accessed April 28, 2014. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/04/10/sovaldi-cost-hepatitis-c-
_n_5126999.html.

This website had some quotes from the stakeholders of the pharmaceutical companies.

"Rockefeller Foundation Annual Report - Financials." Rockefeller Foundation Annual Report. Accessed April 28, 2014. http://
annualreport2012.rockefellerfoundation.org/financials/stewardship.

This is the annual report for the Rockefeller Foundation (2012).

"Role of Vaccine Manufacturers in Developing Countries towards Global Healthcare by Providing Quality Vaccines at
Affordable Prices." - Jadhav. Accessed April 29, 2014. doi:This site mainly told me the names of solutions that they
have tried and things that they want to try soon. This site was helpful because it told me the years of the solutions.

Shah, Anup. "AIDS in Africa." - Global Issues. November 29, 2009. Accessed April 27, 2014. http://www.globalissues.org/
article/90/aids-in-africa.

An amazing site with bountiful info on AIDS economic and health impact, reactions from local and international
leaders, aid programs etc.

"Snapshots: Health Care Spending in the United States & Selected OECD Countries." Snapshots: Health Care Spending in the
United States & Selected OECD Countries. Accessed April 29, 2014. doi:This site also gave me a really clear graph.
That is very clear to read.

Sobsey, Mark D., and John S. Meschke. "VIRUS SURVIVAL IN THE ENVIRONMENT WITH SPECIAL ATTENTION
TO SURVIVAL IN SEWAGE DROPLETS AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL MEDIA OF FECAL OR
RESPIRATORY ORIGIN." University Of North Carolina School of Public Health. August 21, 2003. http://
www.unc.edu/courses/2008spring/envr/421/001/WHO_VirusSurvivalReport_21Aug2003.pdf.

A very complex but helpful article about virus survival, evolution, and transmission.

"Spending on Health: A Global Overview." WHO. Accessed April 28, 2014. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/
fs319/en/.

Provided information on countries with the highest and lowest spending person on health.

"Swine Flu Fear Already Affecting Global Economy." Msnbc.com. Accessed April 28, 2014. http://www.nbcnews.com/id/
30464098/ns/business-world_business/t/swine-flu-fear-already-affecting-global-economy/#.U1h02WSgmqQ.

It talked about fear of swine flu impacting the economy.

"Swine Flu Killed 457 People and Cost 1.24 Billion, Official Figures Show." The Telegraph. July 01, 2010. Accessed April
28, 2014. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/swine-flu/7865796/Swine-flu-killed-457-people-and-cost-1.24-billion-
official-figures-show.html.

This article provided information about the economical impacts of the swine flu.

"Tell Us What You Think of GOV.UK." Improving the Health of Poor People in Developing Countries. Accessed April 29,
2014. doi:This site showed me issues, actions, and background so this site was very helpful.

"Traditional Medicine Growing Needs and Potential - WHO Policy Perspectives on Medicines, No. 002, May 2002."
Traditional Medicine Growing Needs and Potential - WHO Policy Perspectives on Medicines, No. 002, May 2002.
Accessed April 29, 2014. doi:This site gave me two good graphs to put on my document.

United Nations. "Global Issues at the United Nations." UN News Center. 2012. Accessed April 29, 2014. http://www.un.org/
en/globalissues/aids/.

This site was all about the UN and its stance and actions towards AIDS, definitely a helpful source.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. "A Timeline of AIDS." A Timeline of AIDS. 2011. Accessed April 27,
2014. http://aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/hiv-aids-101/aids-timeline/.

A great timeline with everything involving AIDS from the time it was "discovered" in 1982 until 2011

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. "Welcome to AIDS.gov." Welcome to AIDS.gov. 2014. Accessed April 27,
2014. http://www.aids.gov/.

A site literally all about AIDS, heaven for my subtopic. This site had almost every piece of info I could want, I only
wish I found it sooner.

"US Economic Impact Of West Nile Virus Nears $800M: CDC Report." West Nile Virus Economic Cost In US Approaches
$800M. Accessed April 28, 2014. http://www.redorbit.com/news/health/1113068164/west-nile-virus-economic-cost-
us-800-million-021114/.

Stats on west Nile Virus. Economical effects of the west Nile Virus

"The U.S. Government and Global Polio Efforts." The U.S. Government and Global Polio Efforts. Accessed April 28, 2014.
http://kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-global-polio-efforts/.

Information about the US government spending in efforts to eradicate polio.

"Vaccine Development, Testing, and Regulation." History of Vaccines RSS. Accessed April 29, 2014. doi:This told me about
virus development, testing, and regulation. the most helpful was the test part.

"Vaccine Infographic." Behance. Accessed April 28, 2014. http://www.behance.net/gallery/2878481/Vaccine-Infographic.

This is an info graphic about the virus eradication in the United States.

"VaccineEthics.org: The Vaccine Industry - An Overview." VaccineEthics.org: The Vaccine Industry - An Overview.
Accessed April 28, 2014. http://www.vaccineethics.org/issue_briefs/industry.php.

Helped me with understanding the vaccine market and supply and demand.

"Vaccines Bring 7 Diseases under Control." Vaccines Bring 7 Diseases under Control. Accessed April 28, 2014. http://
www.unicef.org/pon96/hevaccin.htm.

This contains a data chart of immunization of viruses.

"Viruses and Evolution." History of Vaccines RSS. Accessed April 28, 2014. http://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/
articles/viruses-and-evolution.

How viruses evolve and what they are. Also gave background on what some types of diseases are.

"We Thought We Already Eradicated Measles But Thanks To Ongoing Anti-Vaccine Beliefs, Its Back." ThinkProgress
RSS. Accessed April 28, 2014. http://thinkprogress.org/health/2013/09/13/2617061/measles-outbreak-vaccine-beliefs/.

Insight into why there are measle outbreaks

Wessner, David R., Ph.D. "The Origins of Viruses." Nature.com. 2010. Accessed April 28, 2014. http://www.nature.com/
scitable/topicpage/the-origins-of-viruses-14398218.

A very interesting and complex article about the possible origins of viruses, along with a history of virus evolution etc.

"West Nile Virus Hospitalizations Cost Nearly $800 Million in U.S. since 1999, Study Shows." ScienceDaily. Accessed April
28, 2014. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/02/140210184713.htm.

This site talks about the economic impact of the West Nile Virus in the United States.

"Why Austerity Kills: From Greece to U.S., Crippling Economic Policies Causing Global Health Crisis." Democracy Now!
Accessed April 28, 2014. http://www.democracynow.org/2013/5/21/why_austerity_kills_from_greece_to.

Greece is an example of a country affected by the global financial crisis.

"World Conference Probes Rich-Poor Health Care Gap." VOA. Accessed April 28, 2014. doi:This website thought me the
healthcare gaps between developed and developing countries. This site also gave me many names of stakeholders.

"World Health PDF." http://www.who.int/immunization/programmes_systems/financing/analyses/
Brief_15_Vaccine_Market.pdf.

Helped me understand how the vaccine market works and the cost effectiveness of vaccines.