Staining of Tissue Pigments and Deposits

Pigmentation is a process by which substances that absorbs visible light and produce color are
deposited in the body in normal or abnormal situations. Pigments divided into three:
1. Endogenous Pigments produced within the tissue with a physiologic function
Hemosiderin
Hematoidin
Hematin
Hemozoin
Hemofucsin (Lipofucsin)

2. Exogenous Pigments foreign materials (minerals) introduced to the body
3. Artefact Pigments deposits of artefactually produced material
Hematogenous pigments
Perls Prussian Blue Method for Hemosiderin (ferric iron)
Gomoris Prussion Blue Stain for Iron
Turnbulls reaction for Ferrous Iron (Hemosiderin)
Benzidine-Nitroprusside Stain for Hemoglobin and Oxidase Granules

Staining of Bile Pigments and Hematoidin
Modified Fouchets Technique for Liver Bile Pigments
Gmelin Technique for Bile and Hematoidin
Steins Iodine Test for Bile Pigments
Schmorls Ferric Ferricyanide Method for Reducing Substances

Lipofuscin (hemofuscin)
Gomoris Aldehyde Fuchsin Technique for Lipofuscin
Malloys Fuchsin Stain for Hemofuscin Pigment

Melanin
Masson Fontana Technique for Staining Melanin and Argentaffin Granules




Calcium Deposits on Tissues
A. Soluble Calcium salts non-ionized or bound to protein, demonstrated by:
Gypsum method
Oxalate method

B. Insoluble Calcium salts soluble in weak acids, demonstrated by:
Calcium-dye lake reaction
Metal Substitution
- Von Kossas Sliver Nitrate Method for Calcium Demonstration
Copper
Lindquists Modified Rhodanine Technique for Staining Copper
Urates and Pyrophosphates
Carbon
Artifact Pigments - high colored, usually amorphous, sometimes crystalline (crystal-violet) stain
precipitates due to faulty staining techniques
Formaldehyde Deposits dark-brown or black crystal-like precipitates
Mercuric Chloride Deposits black, brown, or grayish black granules or clumps
Osmium Tetroxide Deposits black deposits
Chrome Deposits fine brown or black granules in chromate fixed tissues










Staining of Microorganisms
Bacteria
Grams Method for Demonstration of Bacteria
Gram-Twort Stain for Bacteria
Brown and Brenn (B & B) Method for Bacteria, Nocardia and Actinomyces
Mycobacteria
Ziehl Neelsens Method of Staining Acid-Fast Bacteria (AFB)
Wade-Fite Technique for Leprosy bacilli and Nocardia
Auramine-Rhodamine Stain for Mycobacteria (Fluorescent Method)
Helicobacter Pylori
Toluidine Blue Stain for Helicobacter
Cresyl Violet acetate method for Helicobater
Legionella pneumophilia
Dieterle Method for Legionella pnemophilia
Spirochetes
Levatidis Method for Spirochetes
Modified Steiner and Steiner Technique for Spirochetes
Warthin-Starry Method for Spirochetes
Fungi and Actinomyces
Grocott Methamine Silver (GMS, modified) Stain for Fungi
Viruses
Lendrums Phloxine-Tartazine Method for Viral Inclusions
Orcein Method for Hepatitis B Surface Antigen
Protozoa
Giemsa Stain: for Microorganisms
Rapid Giemsa Stain




St. Scholasticas College Tacloban
Brgy. 87 Manlurip, San Jose, Tacloban City





Report in
Histopathology



Submitted by:
Ceniza, Michael Joseph C.
BMLS 4-A

Submitted to:
Virgilio G. Hubilla Jr., RMT, MPH
Instructor