38 Volume 101 Issue 1

The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry

39 January 2009
Noteworthy Abstracts Phark et al
facturer of the framework. The restora-
tion would be provided ready to bond,
eliminating the chairside or labora-
tory step of airborne-particle abrasion.
Thus, the aforementioned possible risks
related to airborne-particle abrasion
18,19

could be eliminated. This modified
surface has the potential to be used as
the intaglio surface of restorations that
rely heavily on successful bonding, for
example, resin-bonded FPDs and ve-
neers. In addition, use for the intaglio
surface of frameworks for convention-
al high-strength ceramic crowns and
FPDs might be a possible application.
The favorable mechanical properties
of zirconia allow the fabrication of thin
frameworks for resin-bonded FPDs for
minimally invasive or even noninvasive
treatment without the risk of weaken-
ing the restoration by postmanufacture
surface treatment. To date, the applica-
tion of veneers has not been a standard
practice for zirconia frameworks. The
white color and opacity of the zirconia
are a challenge, especially for esthetically
demanding situations, making glass ce-
ramic or feldspathic porcelain the ceram-
ics of choice. The recent introduction of
colored zirconia frameworks by several
manufacturers might be an approach to
overcome this esthetic issue. For bond-
ing, the different luting cements showed
no significant difference in shear bond
strength to the modified surface. There-
fore, special luting cements to bond to
zirconia ceramic with the modified sur-
face might not be required; it is possible
that any resin luting cement could be
effective. For zirconia with a machined
surface, airborne-particle abrasion with
either smaller (50 m) or larger (110
m) particles of Al
2
O
3
is beneficial in
terms of shear bond strength. Further
evaluation of the effect of the modified
surface configuration on the mechanical
properties of zirconia is required before
making any clinical recommendations.
CONCLUSIONS
Within the limitations of this study,
the following conclusions were drawn:
1. Long-term shear bond strength
to the modified zirconia surface (Nobel-
Bond) without airborne-particle abra-
sion is significantly higher than to the
airborne-particle-abraded or nonair-
borne-particle-abraded machined zir-
conia surface (Procera Zirconia). Air-
borne-particle abrasion of the modified
surface has a deleterious effect on shear
bond strength.
2. Airborne-particle abrasion of the
machined zirconia increased long-term
shear bond strength significantly, re-
gardless of the abrasive particle size (50
or 110 m).
3. Water storage and thermal cycling
reduced shear bond strength of the 3
tested cements significantly.
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Corresponding author:
Dr Jin-Ho Phark
Department of Comprehensive Care, School
of Dental Medicine
Case Western Reserve University
10900 Euclid Ave
Cleveland, OH 44106-4905
Fax: 216-368-3204
E-mail: jin-ho.phark@case.edu
Acknowledgement
Dr Avishai Sadan and Dr Markus B. Blatz
disclose that they receive honoraria, grants, and
special customer service from Nobel Biocare AB.
Copyright 2009 by the Editorial Council for
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry.
Noteworthy Abstracts of the Current Literature
Evaluation of the effect of laser tooth whitening
Lin CH, Chou TM, Chen JH, Chen JH, Chuang FH, Lee HE, Coluzzi DJ.
Int J Prosthodont 2008;21:415-8.
Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether gender, age, and initial tooth hue impacted the effect of laser tooth
whitening.
Materials and Methods: Ninety-one subjects were enrolled in a laser tooth whitening study at Kaohsiung Medical
University. Sensitivity was evaluated by asking the patients about any tooth sensitivity they experienced after the whit-
ening procedures were performed. The LaserSmile tooth whitener, containing 35% hydrogen peroxide, was applied to
the tooth surfaces of both arches from the central incisor to the second premolar, and the LaserSmile Twilite diode
laser was applied to the same maxillary and mandibular teeth. After removal of the whitening gel, shade matching
was immediately performed with the ShadeEye NCC Dental Chroma Meter. Patients were classified into the following
groups: tetracycline stain, gender, age, and initial tooth hue. Only 5 of the 91 individuals had tetracycline staining.

Results: The initial tooth shade and the amount of shade change showed no significant differences between female
and male patients, but a significant difference was found between hue and age group.
Conclusions: Teeth with hue A showed greater shade improvement than teeth with hue C and hue D. Whitening re-
sponse was better in younger individuals, and gender was not a factor that affected the whitening response. Sensitivity
is common during the whitening procedure but can be tolerated by the patients.
Reprinted with permission of Quintessence Publishing.
Noteworthy Abstracts of the Current Literature
Marginal fit of zirconia posterior fixed partial dentures
Gonzalo E, Surez MJ, Serrano B, Lozano JF.
Int J Prosthodont 2008;21:398-9.
The aim of this study was to investigate the marginal fit of posterior fixed partial dentures (FPDs) made with 2 com-
puter-aided design/computer-assisted manufacture systems--Procera Bridge Zirconia (Nobel Biocare) and Lava AllCe-
ramic System (3M ESPE)--and to analyze the differences between abutments and between buccal and lingual surfaces.
Twenty standardized specimens were prepared to receive posterior 3-unit FPDs. FPDs were fabricated according to
the manufacturers instructions. A scanning microscope (JSM-6400, JEOL) with a magnification of 1,000x was used
for measurements. Three-way analysis of variance showed significant differences (P < .001) in marginal adaptation
between the ceramic groups. Procera Bridge Zirconia showed the lowest discrepancies (26 19 m). No significant
differences were observed between abutments and surfaces, and no significant interaction was observed among the
ceramic system, abutments, and surfaces. The accuracy of fit achieved by both zirconia systems was within the range
of clinical acceptability, with Procera Bridge Zirconia showing the best marginal fit.
Reprinted with permission of Quintessence Publishing.