SEMESTER TEST 3 12 October 2009

KURSUS : INGENIEURSWESE
COURSE : ENGINEERING TYD/TIME : 1 uur/hour
VAK/ : TERMOMASJIENE 4B
SUBJ ECT : THERMOMACHINES 4B PUNTE/MARKS : 50
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Sakrekenaar; Requirements : Calculator
Hierdie toets is toeboek. This test is closed book.
Beantwoord alle vrae. Answer all questions.
Aanheggings/Attachments:
Information sheet

ANTWOORD DIE VRAAG ONDER DIE SPESIFIEKE ONDERAFDELINGS EN NOMMER
DUIDELIK / ANSWER THE QUESTION UNDER THE SPECIFIC SUB-SECTIONS AND
NUMBER CLEARLY
__________________________________________________________________________
QUESTION 1

A coal analysis on an elemental basis yielded the following results:

Nitrogen = 2 %
Oxygen = 8 % (by difference)
Total Carbon = 45% (including that in the volatile matter)
Ash = 40%
Sulphur = 1,5 %
Hydrogen = 3,5 % (just as volatile matter, not that in moisture)

A previous moisture analysis gave the following:

Inherent moisture (M
i
) = 4 % (For the particular method of analysis this
percentage is retained constant for the air dried
sample as well)
Total moisture (M
t
) = 10 %

Excess air for combustion = 10%

1.1 Calculate the calorific value of the coal on an as received basis using the
Dulong formula (latent heat of water not to be included).
1.2 Calculate the stoichiometric quantity of air per kg of coal on an as received
basis. Calculate and present in tabular form, the exhaust gas analysis
(gravimetric, wet), resulting from combustion with total air (including excess air) in
(kg/s as well as %).
1.3 Describe the structure and use of an Oswald Diagram.
1.4 Calculate the CO
2
++
% (CO
2
after stoichiometric combustion) and compile an
Oswald diagram (gravimetric, wet).
1.5 If in practice, a carbon dioxide meter reads 19 %, determine the air in-leakage
in kg/kg of as received coal and the resulting reading on an oxygen meter.

(50 marks)






INFORMATION SHEET

) ( ) (
1
2
2
1
1 2
T
T
Ln C
P
P
Ln R S S
P


} 367 . 9 )
8
( 86 . 143 79 . 33 {
100
1
S
O
H C Q


As received to air dried: (100 M
i
) / (100 M
t
))

Air dried to dry basis: 100 / (100 M
i
)

Heating value of pure carbon (fixed carbon and that in the volatiles): 33 MJ/kg
Heating value of hydrogen (in the volatiles): GCV
v
144 MJ/kg
NCV
p
121 MJ/kg
Heating value of pure sulphur: 9 MJ/kg

Atomic weight of hydrogen as H: 1
Atomic weight of carbon as C: 12
Atomic weight of oxygen as O: 16
Atomic weight of sulphur as S: 32

Oxygen in air (gravimetrc): 23,15 %
Oxygen in air (volumetric): 20,90 %