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,
[ ]
1 1
,
n m
i j
jB i j
x
A
= =
=
,
[ ]
1 1
,
n m
i j
iB i j
y
A
= =
=
, and ( ) tan 2
b
a c
=
,
where: ( ) , n m are the images dimensions, ( ) , i j
the pixels coordinates, and a , b and c are, the
second objects moments, defined as:
are
= =
=
[ ]
1 1
,
n m
ij ij
i j
y B i j
= =
=
i j
( ) [ ]
2
1 1
,
n m
ij
i j
a x B i j , b x ,
and ,
( ) [ ]
2
1 1
,
n m
ij
i j
c y B
= =
=