CHAPTER 1 :

MICROORGANISMS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON LIVING THING

PAPER 1

1 Bacteria are generally named according to their shapes. Which of the following is
called vibrio?

A C

B D

2 Which of the following is an example of fungi?

A C

D
B

3. Diagram 1 shows microorganisms P, Q, R and S.

Q DIAGRAM 1
P

R S

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 Which of the following classification are correct?

Bacteria Protozoa
A P and S R and Q
B P and R Q and S
C R and Q P and S
D Q and S P and R

4. Diagram 2 shows a type of reproduction which can be seen in some microorganisms.

DIAGRAM 2
The process is called

A budding C connjugation
B vegetative D binary fission

5. Diagram 3 shows the reproduction of a microorganism.

Parent cell Offspring

DIAGRAM 3

What is the method of this reproduction?

A Budding C Conjugation
B Binary fission D Spore formation

6. Diagram 4 shows a type of microorganism which grows on bread.

DIAGRAM 4
bread

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 What is the microorganism?

A Yeast C Amoeba
B Spirogyra D Mucor

7. Diagram 5 shows an experiment to investigate a factor which influences the growth

of bacteria.

sterile cotton wool

bacteria Kept at room bacteria

culture temperature culture
+ +
nutrient distilled
broth water

DIAGRAM 5
What is the factor investigated?

A Light C Nutrient
B pH value D Temperature

8. What is the optimum temperature for bacterial activity?

A 5 OC C 37 OC
B 25 OC D 60 OC

9. Which of the following methods is the most effective in sterilizing a Petri dish for
bacteria culture?

A Steam the Petri dish in a autoclave

B Wash the Petri dish in an antiseptic solution
C Wash the Petri dish with soap and water
D Soak the Petri dish in dilute acid

10. Diagram 6 shows an example of a vector.

DIAGRAM 6

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 The disease which spread by the vector is

A tuberculosis C mumps
B cholera D malaria

11. Gonorrhoea is a disease caused by

A viruses C fungi
B bacteria D algae

12. Diagram 7 shows two types of food.

DIAGRAM 7

Which of the following microorganisms is used to produce the food?

A Yeast C Bacteria
B Algae D Protozoa

13. The microorganism which helps in the digestion of cellulose in herbivores is

A algae C virus
B fungi D bacteria

14. The antibiotic called penicillin is obtained from

A Fungi C Virus
B Algae D Protozoa

15. Which of the following is produced by our body?

A Antibiotic C Antiserum
B Vaccine D Antibody

16. What are type of immunity is conferred from a mother to her baby?

A Natural active immunity

B Artificial active immunity
C Natural passive immunity
D Artifificial passive immunity

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17. The role of vaccination in the process of immunisation is

A to stimulate the body to produce antibodies.

B to hinder the reproduction of microorganisms.
C to repair cells damaged by microorganisms.
D to increase the number of red blood cells.

18. Pathogens are microorganisms

A which produces antibody

B which are useful to human beings
C that causes infection or disease
D which break down organic matter in the soil

19. An individual can acquire artificial passive immunity after

A drinking mother's milk

B being injected with vaccine
C recovering from an illness
D being injected with antiserum

20. Diagram 8 shows the changes in the concentration of antibodies in the blood of a
person over a period of time

Antibody
concentration

DIAGRAM 8

Time

Injection of Y

What is Y?

A Vaccines C Antibodies
B Antibiotics D Antiseptics

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PAPER 2

1 Diagram 1 shows an experiment to study the effect of pH value of medium on

bacterial growth.

Petri dish X Petri dish Y Petri dish Z

Nutrient agar Nutrient agar Nutrient agar
+ + +
Hydrochloric acid (pH 2) Distilled water (pH 7) Sodium hydroxide (pH 12)
+ + +
Bacteria culture Bacteria culture Bacteria culture)
DIAGRAM 1

After two days, the number of bacteria colony in each dish is counted.
The results are shown in Table 1.

pH value Number of bacteria colony

2 0
7 33
12 0

TABLE 1

(a) State one hypothesis that can be made from Table 1.

……………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(b) State the variables in this experiment.

(i) Manipulated variable;

………………………………………………………………………………..

(ii) Responding variable;

……………………………………………………………………………….
[2 marks]

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 (c) State one controlled variable in this experiment.

……………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(d) Using results shown in Table 1, suggest one way to preserve food.

……………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

2. Diagram 4 shows an experiment to study the effect of different concentration of an

antibiotic on bacterial growth.

Antibiotic disc
Clear area
A1

Bacteria colony A3 Clear area

A2

DIAGRAM 4

The diameter of the clear area is measured and recorded in Table 4.

Antibiotic disc Diameter of the clear area / cm

A1 1.6
A2 2.0
A3 1.0
TABLE 4

(a) Based on Table 4, which antibiotic disc has the highest concentration of an
antibiotic?

…………………………………………………………………………………….
[ 1 mark]
(b) State one hypothesis that can be made from Table 4.

…………………………………………………………………………………….
[ 1 mark]

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(c) State the variables in this experiment;

(i) manipulated variable

………………………………………………………………………………..
[ 1 mark]
(ii) responding variable

……………………………………………………………………………….
[ 1 mark]

(d) Name one disease which can be treated by using antibiotic.

……………………………………………………………………………………
[ 1 mark]

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ANSWER
CHAPTER 1 : MICROORGANISMS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON LIVING
THING

PAPER 1

1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A
5. B 6. D 7. C 8. C
9. A 10. D 11. B 12. A
13. D 14. A 15. D 16. C
17. A 18. C 19. D 20. A

PAPER 2

1. (a) Bacteria grow well in a medium of pH 7 // Bacterial growth is highest at pH 7.

(b) (i) pH value.

(ii) Number of bacteria colony // Bacterial growth.

(c) Temperature

(d) Use acids to preserve food.

2 (a) A2

(b) The higher the antibiotic concentration , the larger the diameter of the clear
area //
The lower the antibiotic concentration, the smaller the diameter of the clear area.

(c) (i) The concentration of antibiotic disc

(ii) The diameter of the clear area

(d) Tuberculosis // cholera // gonorrhoea // syphilis