Exercise

3
The MOSFET
Four-Quadrant
chopper
Drive
OBJECTIVE
.TobecomefamiliarwiththeuseofaMosFETfour-quadrantchopperdriving
a dc motor
.
To achieve open-loop
and closed-loop
control
DISCUSSION
ln this exercise we will study the operation of a four-quadrant
chopper driver' This
type of driver altows ;p;ah ot t'he machine in each of the four
quadrants of the
converter V-l plane, ,! .no*n in Figure 3-1. so far in this manual,
we were able
to control a macnine in quadrants I and + (or, by reversing the connections
on
the armature of the dc motor, in quadrants 2 and 3)'
Figure 3-1. Four'quadrant
operalion of the chopper drive'
To allow four-quadrant
operation, the driver must
permit the current to flow in
either direction and tne pbLrity oi the voltage to be reversed'.Figure
3-2 shows
a simplified torr-qraOrlnt
.nopp"t drivd using an H-bridge
configuration'
3-1
The
MOSFET
Four-Quadrant
Chopper
Drive
Figure3-3showsthesymbolusedinthismanualtorepresentthesameconverter
configuration.
Flgure
3'2' Simplilied
four-quadrant
chopper
drive'
lnthefour-quadrantchopper'MO:FET'areswitchedinpairs;Q'andQu'Q'and
Qo.
when
one
pair
"i-rri5sirrs
is on,- tnt
.ii."i'1.
ott'
rn"
dc voltage
at the
output
of the touuqu"jr"rli
.nopp", rv.io"p"nos
on tne duty
cycle
of the
switching
control
.ignrl..
The following
"qLrtibn
expresses
the
relation
between
V, and
Vo.
Vo
=
V,x
(2co, -
1)
Theclosed-loopspeedcontrolwillbeachievedusingaSpeedSensorl
tr"nom"t"r
and a P'l'D'
controller'
D4
osJ
POilER UOSrgrs
(a8Sz)
o
FOUR-OUADR^}II
CHOPPER
- L-
I rtos
iY cffi
1nE
@
Figure
3-3. Symbol
represenling
the lour'quadranl
chopper'
['*
3-2
_E
The
MOSFET
Four-Quadrant
Chopper
Drive
Procedure
summary
lnthefirstpartoftheexercise,youwillsetuptheequipmentrequiredtocarryout
this
experiment'
ln the second
part of this exercise'
yoy
-Yll
use the circuit
shown
in Figure
3-4 to
.i,Jvop"n-,qep::ti:lf,iXg-".,{?"..;1;;1"*ffi S','H:rXH[:T:*lIf:!!i
b; *iil be attached
to the d"
lY::::':::i':""*1"' ,-nr'"t,"ture
current
and
of the
system'
vou
*iff'o[J*
on the
oscilloscope
the
armz
votage
waveforms
til';iff
;ltor
acceleration
and
deceleratton'
ln the last
part of the exercise'
yoy wil]'implement
closed-loop
speed
control
of
the dc motor
u.ing'f
;r;:;ir;rr"r.
vor"*jiit
"ov
tn" response
of the svstem
to speed
variations'ii;;;g
ih" ot
191i'
t"'ine
svncnronous
generator'
you will
also
study
'n"
'"toJnt;';i
th; system
to load
variations'
EOUIPMENT
HEOUIRED
Refertothe
Equipment
Utilisation
Chart'
Apq?n1":-^?]this
manual'
to obtain
the
tist of the
"q'ipm"ni'ilquit"o
to carry
out this
exercrse'
PR..EDUBE
cAurloN!
Hishvortasesarepre_sent;HT"":X?"#:3"tri;T:'0"?"",'$
make
or modity
anY ba-nant
unless
otherwise
sPecilieo!
Setting
uP the equiPment
tr
1' lnstall
the
Power
Supply'
-the
Enclosure
l'?Y"t
Supply'
the DC
Motor/Generator'
the Power
'iSsiiii'ir'"
oc voltmeter/
Ammeter'
and
,n"
=*lTifii,i;iil;;i"ts
in tne Mobile
workstation'
lnstalltheChopper/lnverterControlUnit,theCurrentlsolatorandthe
Vort'g"'ft"]""Ii"
the Enclosure
/
Power
Supply'
n2'lnstallthelnertiaWheelon.theshaftoftheDcj/otor/Generator'Verify
that
th; rnertia
wheer
i. ,rt"rv=.".ii"J
on the Dc Motor
shaft'
tr3'MakesurethatthemainpowerswitchofthePowerSupplyissettothe
o
(oFF)
position'
conn"t'*t]i""
po*"i Supply
to a three-phase
wall
receptacle'
Set the rocker
switch
of'the
Enclosure
/
Power
Supply
to the
O (OFF)
position.
Plug
the
en"ro.I,,!',i;;;;
suppty-tine
cord
into
a wall
recePtacle'
The MOSFET Four-Quadrant Chopper Drive
tr 4. Connect the modules as shown in Figure 3-4.
X' SYI*. O'JTPUI OF Il+E
POTEF I'('SFETS TOUIE
TO CI'RTENI
ISCTIIfi OUIPUT
IO \OLTTCE
60ut(n oumrt
trs.
LINL.
VOLIAGE
(voc)
L1
(H)
E
1dc
lldc
(A)
et
(v)
l1
(A)
120 0.2 r50 5.0 500 !0
220 0.8 300 2.5 600 5
240 0.8 500 2,5 600 5
Figure 3-4. Circuil ot rhe MOSFET tour-quadrant chopper driving a DC Motor.
Set the rocker switch of the Enclosure / Power Supply to the I
position and make the following settings:
On the Power Supply
(oN)
VoltageSelector
......7-N
On the POWER MOSFETS
lnterconnection switch S, . . .
On the Chopper
/ lnverter Control Unit
DC SOURCE 1 mid position
DC SOURCE? . . mid position
MODE CHOP. PWM
CHoPPER
/
INVERTER
CONTROL UNIT
3-4
The MOSFET
Four-Quadrant
chopper
Drive
On the OscilloscoPe
Channel-1 SensitivitY
Channel-2
SensitivitY
s V/DIV.
(DC couPled)
2 V/DIV.
(DC couPled)
Vertical Mode .
CHOPPed
0.2 ms/DlV.
Time Base
Trigger Source
EKIernal
TriggerSloPe
,.
'
positive (+
)
TriggerCouPling
...
HF REJection
The four-quadrant
chopper driving a dc motor with an inertia wheel
tr 6. on the Power supply, make sure that the voltage control knob is set to
the0position,thensettne24-Yacpowerswitchand.themainpower
switch to the l' (oN) position. Adiust the voltage control
knob to the 100
Position
(1OO% of line voltage)'
Set the DC Motor/Generator
lield current to its nominalvalue
using the
field rheostat'
tr 7. on the oscilloscope, make the appropriate settings to position the traces
ofchannels,land2intheupperandlowerhalvesofthescreen,
respectively
tr 8. Use the Dc souRcE 1 (Duty cycle) knob on the chopper / lnverter
control unit to slowly vary the ipeeo of the dc motor. observe the
voltage and current signais. What happens during acceleration and
deceleration?
n9.
Note: An over-current
protection circuit built into the Power
MOtrEls module will limit the peak current, during abrupt
acc eleratio n or d ec ele ratio n, to an acceptab le value' Wtho ut this
protection, the current surge coutd damage the motor and/orthe
diwr.
lnstall a P.l.D. Controller in the Mobile workstation. You will modify your
circuit to add filtering to the voltage and current isolator outputs' as
shown in Figure 3-5.
The MosFET
Four-Quadrant
chopper
Drive
ro cuinHr Fourltn
o('lft'T
ro vurr6E Eq.lrn
drr?ttl
Figure 3-5. Oscllloscope
connectlons'
tl 10. Make the following settings:
On the P.l.D. Controller
LOWPASS FILTER-1 CUTOFF FREOUENCY
. , .
LOWPASS FILTER.2 CUTOFF FREQUENCY
. . .
On the OscilloscoPe
0.s v/Dlv.
Channel-1 SensitivitY
Channel-2 SensitivitY
1 V/DIV.
MAX
MAX
(GND)
(GND)
Venical Mode...
Time Base
Adjust the FILTER-1 and FILTER-2 cutoff frequencies
to filter the voltage
and current signals'
A dot shoulcl appear on the oscilloscope
screen. set the horizontal
and
vertical
position controls on the oscilloscope
to centre
_the
dot on the
screen, ihen set the input coupling switches of the x and Y channels to the
DC position.
X-Y
X-Y
trll.TurntheDcSoURcEl(DutyCycle)knobfullyclockwiseonthe
Chopper/lnverterControlUnit.WaituntilthemotorspeedStabilizes.
Observe the oscilloscope screen and describe what happens while slowly
turning the DC SOURCE 1 control knob lully counterclockwise'
Explain'
3-6
The MOSFET Four-Quadrant Chopper Drive
tr 12. Adjust the DC SOURCE 1 control to its mid position to stop the motor.
Turn the control knob on the Power Supply to zero (completely
counterclockwise) and turn off the power. Turn off the Enclosure / Power
Supply.
Closed-loop speed control
tr 13. Remove the lnertia Wheel from the DC Motor shaft. lnstall the Three-
Phase Synchronous Motor / Generator and the Resistive Load in the
Mobile Workstation. Use the Timing Beh to link the DC Motor to the
Synchronous Generator. Connect the modules as shown in Figure 3-6.
tr 14. Set the rocker switch of the Enclosure / Power Supply to the | (ON)
position and make the following settings:
On the Chopper / lnverter Control Unit
DCSOURCE1 ... midpos.
DCSOURCE} ....,................. MAXimum
MODE . CHOP. PWM
On the Three-Phase Synchronous Motor/Generator
Toggle Switch I (close)
Field-Current control knob reference position
On the P.l.D. Controller
LOW-PASS FILTER-2 CUTOFF FREOUENCY . . . mid pos.
FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER GAIN . 1/3 of range
PROPORT1ONAL GAIN LOW, MAXmum
INTEGML GAIN .
'ti3
of range
UPPERLIMIT .,. MAXimum
LOWERLIMIT. ,. MAXimum
ANTI-RESET ......I
tr 15. Ori the Power Supply, make sure that the voltage control knob is set to
the 0 position, then set the 24-V ac power switch and the main power
switch to the I (ON) position. Adiust the voltage control knob to the 100
position (100% of line voltage).
tr 16. lncrease the dc motor speed to maximum by turning the DC SOURCE 1
control knob, on the Chopper / lnverter Control Unit, fully clockwise. Use
the FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER GAIN to ser rhe maximum speed of the dc
motor to looo r/min.
3-7
Circuit Diagram Symbols
SYMBOL EQUIPMENT AND CONNECTIONS
o
@
o
o
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
o
THREE.PI{ASE
WATTMETER
/
VARMETER
@
+l
I
r,
l"ry 6
ll
cou.l
@
CURRENT ISOUTOR
o
*l
|
",
ls{l, o
tt
cou.l
@
VOLTAGE ISOLATOR
g-1-ry.,
I cuRRENr I I
l"Fr''iSbtLT
*'-'l
lo
@U'
r Note: Sclcct the terminol which
corrcsponds to the desired scole
g-1-ry.,
I vor-rrce I I
l*""''i8bt''T
*'*'l
f@
@U'
r Notc: Sclcct thc tcrminol which
coresponds to the dcsired scole.
A-5
Circuit Diagram Symbols
SYMBOL
OC INOEPENOANT-RELO
MOTOR
EQUIPMENT AND CONNECTIONS
OC MOTOR
,/ GENEMTOR
(E2l 1
)
LINL
VOLTAGE
(voc)
lFdc
(mA)
120 500
220 500
240 500
SYNCHRONOUS
MOTOR ,/ GENERATOR
(az+ t
)
r---
---l
oo
SYNCHRONOUS
MOTOR
o
@
o
SPEEo SENSOR
/
TACHOMETER
A-7
Circuit
Diagram
Symbols
@
o
o
@
SYMBOL
@
BUCK/B@ST
CHOPPER
FOUR.QUAORA.II
CHOPPER
EQUIPMENT
AND CONNECTTONS
POWER MOSFm (8857)
t---
i
o,
-l
L--
-___t
I srrc+rm
9Il cornq-
'l lFrrts
@
o
@
o
@
POWER MOSFETS (8857)
A-11