JOINT RANGE OF MOTION

MEASUREMENT OF JOINT R.O.M

Ganiometer
Its a device designed to measure joint rang of motion
Types
! e"ectrica" goniometer # more acceurate $
%! manua"
composition manua" goniometer
! &fi'ed arm (! protracatro
%! mova&"e arm )! fu"crum

R.F.M. movement articulations joent
*pper "im& +!
0-90 -!le"ion #ea$ o! %umerus &
'lenoi$ cavit(
S%oul$er or
)'leno%uneral*
90-0 +-e"tension
0-90 ,-a-$uction
90-0 .-a$$uction
0-/0 0-internal retation
0-90 1-e"ternal retation
)0-.0-10* -!le"ion 2o3er en$ o!
%umerus&u44er
en$ o! ra$ius an$
ulna
+-el-o3 joint
)10-.0-0* +-e"tension
)0-90* -su4ination 5et3een ra$ius &
ulna
,-ra$io-ulnar joint
contain )su4&in!*
)0-90* +- 4ronation
)0-90* - !le"ion 2o3er o! ra$ius
&!irst ro3 o! car4el
-ones
.-3rist joint
)0-/0* +-e"tension
)0-+0* ,- re$ial-$evation
)0-,0* .-ulna-$eviation
,o-er "im& +!
0-0-+0 -!le"ion #ea$ o! !emur &
acceta-ulam
- %i4 joint
+0-0-0
0-0
+- e"tension &
%(4er e"tension
0-.0 ,-a-$uction
.0-0 .-a$$uction
0-.0 0-mi$. Rotation
0-.0 1-lat. rotation
0-.0 -!le"ion 6on$(les o! !emur
& u44er en$ o!
ti-ia & 4atella
+-7nee joint
.0-0 +-e"tension
0-+0 -$orsi!le"ion 2o3er en$ o! ti-ia
& !i-ula & -o$( o!
talus
,-an7le joint
0-.0 +-4lanter!le"ion
0-,0 - enversion Talus & calcaneum .-su-talar joint
0-+0 +- eversion

"ong measurements
"ong measurement +!
A- !or lo3er lim-e 8-
- 4er!orme$ -( use measure !rom t%e anterior su44orior iliac s4ine )A.S.I.S* to t%e me$$ial
or lateral malleolus )len't% o! t%e 3%ol le'*
+- Measure !rom t%e 'reater trocanter to t%e mi$$le
Articulation o! t%e 7nee joint )len't%e o! t%e !or3ar$*

,- measure !rom t%e mi$$le articulation o! t%e 7nee joint to t%e me$$ial malleolus
) len't%e o! t%e ti-ial *
5- !rom u44er lim-e 8-
- measure !rom t%e acromion 4ro'ss to t%e olecranon 4ro'ss ) len't%e o! t%e arm *
+- measure !rom t%e olecranon 4ro'ss to t%e st(loi$ 4ro'ss ) len't%e o! t%e !orearm *
,- measure !rom t%e acromion 4ro'ss to t%e st(loi$ 4ro'ss ) len't%e o! 3%ole u44er lim- *
6- roun$ measurement 8-
- use$ to $etecte$ M.s alro4%(ar 3astin' measure t%e circuin!ernce 4art
Test !or len't% 9iscre4anc(
- Measure from the A.S.I.S to medial malleolus at Bothe side if not equal -
the causes it may be.
A- Apparnt leg lengthe discripancy. Or
B- True leg lengthe to rule out true leg lengthe discripancy.
Measure from the greater trochanter to meddial malleolus at bothe side,not equal 8-
T%e causes it ma( -e
- iscripancy in femur. Or
!- iscripance in tibia.
)i-e*
T%ere is true -one un-e:ualit(.
;-segmental measurment of each one at both sides
To "no# #hich of them causing discripancy.
$- if the your equal there is apparent leg lengthe discripancy due to pel%ic obliquity.
Measure from A.S.I.S to the greater trochanter at Bothe side.
& the pel%is is tilted the shorter measure '
.o- to measure R/O/M for "o-er "im&
%
Measure of uppar "im&e
Joint Fulcrum Movable
arm
Stationary
arm
Position
Shoulder
(le).e)te
At the lateral
bprder of the
acromior
*arrallel to
the long a)is
of arm
*arrallel to
the trun"
Setting or
standing or
supine
Shoulder
Abdu.addu
At the postarior
porder of the
acromior as pect
of the shoulder at
coracoid progss
*arrallel to
the long a)is
of arm
*arrallel to
the trun"
Setting or
standing or
supine
+ateral ,
medial
rotation
At olecranon
progss
*arrallel to
long a)is of
forearm
*erpendicular
on the ground
Supine
-lbo#
fle).e)te
+ateral epicondyle *arrallel to
long a)is of
forearm
*arrallel to
long a)is of
arm
Setting or
supine
Manuale M.S testin'
9e!inition
Is a procedur for e%aluation of the function , strength of indi%idual M.S , M.S
groups
0ased on t1e
.. effecti%e performance of the mo%ement in relation
!. the forces of gra%ity
/. manual resistance through the e%aialiable 0.O.M
<ur4ose o! M.S test.
.. it pro%ides information that my be of assistance to a number of health
professionals in differantial diagnosis, treatment planing and prognosis
!. to assess M.S strength #hich help to assess patient1s ststus accurately,
progress and effecti%eness of the treatment program
M.s stren't% 8
The ma)imum amaunt of force or tension that a M.S or a group of M.S
can a)ert %aluntary
Joint Fulcrum Movable arm Stationary
arm
Position
2ip fle)ion
,e)tension
3reater
tro
ca
nte
r
*arallel to the
long a)is of
thigh
*arallel to
the trun"
Side lying
Or
supination
lying
2ip abducation
, adducation
A.S.I.S 4 44 Supination
lying
2ip e)ternal rotation
, internal rotation
Middal point
of
patela
*arallel to the
long a)is of
leg
*erpandicular
on the ground
Sitting
5nee fle)ion,
e)tension
Middal
articulation
of "nee
parrllel to
long
a)is of thigh
*rone lying
Side lying
An"le planterfle)ion
, dorsifle)ion
At lateral
Malleolus
*arrllel to the
foot
*erpandicular
on the
grounud
Spine lying
(
Muscele en$urance 8- the a bility of a muscele or group of M.S to perform
refected contraction against resistance or maintain or isometric contraction
for a pre%iod of time
Ran'e o! M.S 3or7 8-
The full range in #hich the M.S #or" refers to the M.S changing from
position of full stretch to position of full shourtining. The full range
di%ided into parts.
/ outer ran'e 8- frome position #here the M.S is on full stretch to a position
half a#ay througth the 0.O.M
%/ inner ran'e +! frome position half a#ay througth the full 0.O.( to position
#here the M.S full shortened
(/ mi$$le ran'e 8- is aposition in the full range bet#een the mid patient in the
inner rang , med-point of outer rang.
Active insffuciency 8it is inability of to 6oint m.s to shorten o%er the 6oint the
act simultaneously beyond certain limit #ithout loosing tension.
/ isometric contraction 8 contract #ithout mo%e and #ithout change in
length.
+. isotonic contraction 8 it=s constitue o!
concentric 8 contraction #ith shorting
eccentric 8 contraction #ith lengthening
2"assification of musc"es
functional of classifscation of m.s
/ a'onist or 4rime movers 7- a muscle or group of m.s . ma"e the mator
contribution of the mo%ement at the 6oint.
%/ anta'onist 7- m.s or group of m.s has an opposite action of agonist , it shoud
be rela)ed during agonist contraction
(/ s(ner'ist 7- a m.s that contract a long #ith agonist to produce desired
mo%ement
)/ !i"ator )sta-ili>er* 7- m.s that contract to control mo%ement at the pro)imal
6oint to the mo%ing 6oint.
Factors affecting strengt1 +!
.. age --------7- as age increced m.s strength increced until certain age
after that as age increced strength decrced
!. se) mals 8 female
/. type of m.s contraction
9. m.s si:e as the sectional cross area of the m.s increced the strength
increced
)
;. speed of m.s contraction as speed of mo%ement increced the strength
decreced
<. pre%ious training effect
=. fatigue 7- it decreced m.s strenght
Definition of fatigue :-
temporary reduction of force output of m.s
signs :-
.. she%ering
!. s#eating
/. decreceing number of repition.
9. inability to complet mo%ement
a' adequate period of rest
b' source of head to increced B.flo# to the m.s
contra-indication manual m.s testing .
.. inflammation on the region of the test
!. #hen pains present it in hibit m.s contraction
care should ta"en #hen7-
.. there is cardio %ascular problem
!. abduminal surgery or herniation
/. abstruction pulmonary disease.
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