title

1986-2010
Why people power?
Road to EDSA 1
1969- President Ferdinand Marcos Reelection

1971- Constitutional Convention, Plaza Miranda Bombing

1972- Martial Law Declaration

1974- Height of Moro Resistance

1983- Benigno Ninoy Aquinos Assasination

1984- Batasang Pambansa Elections

1986- EDSA 1
conclusion
Legacy of EDSA 1
Problematizing the
Discourse/s of
People Power
About cory
Corazon Aquino
political and economic pedigree

martyrs widow

unity candidate in a fragile political
coalition

icon of democracy
contributions
Corys Contributions
Restored elite democracy

Ratified the 1987 Constitution

Brought back investor confidence in the
economy

Signed the following laws: CARL (Comprehensive
Agrarian Reform Law), Local Government Code,
PNP Law, ARMM Law and Generics Law

issues
Corys Issues and Problems
Confronted a series of coups

Had a policy of an all out war against communists and leftist
organizations

Chose to honor all of Marcoss debts

Failed to implement an effective land reform and other
measures vital in uplifting the poor and the deprived

Campaigned for an extension of the U.S.-Philippine Military
Bases Agreement

Faced calamities like the 1990 Earthquake and the1991
Pinatubo Eruption, and numerous power shortages
About ramos
Fidel Valdez Ramos
Plurality President


Steady Eddie

The Westpointer and
The Protestant President





contributions
Eddies Legacy
Solution to the Electric Power Crisis

Peace Talks

Liberalization

Deregulation

Agrarian Reform

Fiesta Islands as Tourism Tagline

Centennial Celebrations

Corruption Allegations
About erap
Jose Marcelo Ejercito
Erap para sa Mahirap

Total War Policy against MILF

US-RP Visiting Forces Agreement

Midnight Cabinet

Retail Trade Liberalization Act

Clean Air Act,

Impeachment and EDSA 2
About erap
Jose Marcelo Ejercito
Erap para sa Mahirap

Total War Policy against MILF

US-RP Visiting Forces Agreement

Midnight Cabinet

Retail Trade Liberalization Act

Clean Air Act,

Impeachment and EDSA 2

conclusion
EDSA 2 and Beyond
Edsa 1&2 comparison
EDSA I and EDSA II
Ousted Ferdinand Marcos

Patriotic delivery

Protest was defiant, but clear of
invectives

Lasted for 5 days

People wore yellow, for democracy

Children were used to win hearts

Was a solemn crusade supported by
the religious

Role of radio

Ousted Joseph Estrada

Judgemental delivery

Protest was hateful, and full of curses

Lasted for 4 days

People wore black, to mourn the death
of justice

Minors were used to express hatred

Seemed more like a party supported by
the religious

Use of mobile phones

Erap joke

The Continuing Crisis
Questions and Challenges: Nation-building

1. questions pertinent to our identity
2. huge gap between the rich and the poor
3. back to basics: food, shelter, education
3. dearth of transformative politics






The Continuing Crisis
Economic Constraints

1. underdeveloped agricultural sector
2. lack of industrialization
3. volatile sources of national income
(outsourcing industry, OFW remittances)





The Continuing Crisis

Structures (socio-economic structural reforms)

Discourses (nation-building agenda: rooted in
history and culture but grounded in the
contemporary global context)

Mechanisms (instruments of change and
empowerment)