PARRENO, Rodilyn V.

Date Performed: February 8, 2014

2012108349 Date Submitted: March 1, 2014
PHY10-5L A1

Experiment No. 103
NEWTONS SECOND LAW OF MOTION


ABSTRACT

Newton's laws of motion are
three physical laws that together laid the
foundation for classical mechanics. They
describe the relationship between a body
and the forces acting upon it, and
its motion in response to said forces.

I. INTRODUCTION

Newton's Second Law for one-
dimensional motion by timing an
accelerated glider moving along a flat
track. We varied both the accelerating
force and the mass of the glider. We found
that for a given force the acceleration of
the glider was inversely proportional to
the mass of the glider, in agreement with
Newton's Second Law.

In this experiment, we will verify the
relationships between a bodys
acceleration and net force, and between
acceleration and mass.

II. MATERIALS

Dynamics cart [1 pc]
Dynamics track w/ pulley [1pc]
String [1.5m]
Smart Timer [1 pc]
Photogate [2 pcs]
Smart Timer [1 pc]
Set of weights [1 pc]
Weight Hanger [1 pc]




III. PROCEDURE

1. Use the set-up illustrated below
with a hollow tube, a string, a cork
or rubber stopper, and a hanging
weight. During the procedure,
record all data on the laboratory
data sheet provided.

2. Using a laboratory balance,
determine the mass of your
hanging weight. Your instructor
will explain how to use the
balance. Most laboratory
balances determine mass in
grams. If the mass is printed on
the weight, you may accept that
value without measuring it.
Your will have to convert the
mass in grams to kilograms by
dividing by 1,000. Do not use
the lightest weight in your
weight set.

3. Convert the mass in kilograms to
a weight force in newtons,
Fmeasured, by multiplying
by 9.8 m/sec
2
.

4. Using a laboratory balance,
determine the mass m in
kilograms of the cork or rubber
stopper that will serve as your
rotating mass.

5. For the purposes of our
experiment, we are going to
ignore the mass of the nylon
string. Although theoretically it
will affect our results, its mass is
so small compared to the mass
of the hanging and rotating
weights, that it will not
appreciably affect our results by
more than a few per cent.

6. Tie the nylon string to the
stopper stopper, thread the
string through the tube, and tie
a loop in the end of the string on
which you can hang the weight.

7. Mark or knot the nylon string
just above the loop.

8. Draw the nylon string back
through the tube until the
stopper is stretched out in a
straight line from the upper end
of the tube and the knot or mark
is even with the lower end of
the tube.

9. Using a meter stick, determine
the radius r, in meters, of the
rotating stopper by measuring
the length of the nylon string
from the upper end of the tube
to the middle of the stopper.

10. Calculate the circumference C
of the circle in which the
stopper will travel, by
multiplying the radius r times
2p. (C = 2pr). This is the
distance the stopper will travel
in a single revolution.

11. Hold on to the hanging weight
with one hand and start rotating
your hand until the stopper
spins out to the full length of the
string. Adjust your rotating
speed until the hanging weight
remains suspended,
unsupported, with the knot or
mark on the string right at the
bottom of the hollow tube.

12. Keeping the speed and radius
constant by keeping the knot or
mark at the bottom of the tube,
start the stopwatch and time the
interval, in seconds, required
for the stopper to revolve
twenty times. This is best timed
by counting once each time the
stopper passes a designated
point (e.g. the nose of the
spinner or the stopwatch
operator) near the outside of
the spinning circle. If you lose
count, start over.

13. Divide the time for twenty
revolutions by twenty to
calculate the time t for one
revolution.

14. To calculate the velocity of the
stopper, divide the
circumference of the circle by
the time of one revolution. (V =
C / t).

15. To calculate the acceleration of
the stopper, multiply the
velocity by itself and divide
by the radius of the circle. (a =
V
2
/ r).

16. To calculate the force Fcalculated, in
newtons, on the stopper,
multiply the mass of the
stopper times the acceleration.
(F = ma).

17. Repeat this procedure three
more times, using weights with
a different value, until you have
four complete sets of data
recorded.











IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION


In this experiment, a dynamics cart is
accelerated by weights which are hanging on
the end of a string which passes over a pulley.
It is important to note that the mass which is
being accelerated includes the mass of the
weights on the end of the string.

Our data gathered however, yielded a
high percent error. This was because of
the air resistance and possibly the table
was not perfect horizontally.

Our group realized that this was caused
by friction in the pulley and the string
that was used both were relatively old.
























































TABLE 1

TRIAL

(n)

accel
(

)
Time
(s)
Accel exp.
(

)
% error
1 0.02 0.1962 0.373 1.3402 1.3402 49.33
2 0.04 0.3924 0.719 0.9538 0.9538 52.85
3 0.06 0.5889 1.0399 0.7937 0.7937 52.61
4 0.08 0.7848 1.339 0.6985 0.6985 53.07
5 0.10 0.9810 1.619 0.6382 0.6382 51.64

TABLE 2
TRIAL

(n)
accel (

)
Time
(s)
Accel exp.
(

)
% error
1 0.506 1.686 0.6133 2.659 57.71
2 0.606 1.949 0.6322 2.502 72.67
3 0.706 1.270 0.6729 1.486 17.01
4 0.806 1.131 0.7109 1.407 24.40
5 0.906 1.019 0.7451 1.347 32.19

Table 3
TRIAL

(kg)

(kg)

accel
(

)
Time
(s)
Accel
exp.
(

)
% error
1 0.506 0.02 0.1962 0.373 1.2598 0.63 69
2 0.606 0.04 0.3924 0.607 0.9840 1.033 70
3 0.706 0.06 0.5889 0.768 0.8678 1.328 73
4 0.806 0.08 0.7848 0.886 0.8042 1.546 74
5 0.906 0.10 0.9810 0.981 0.7646 1.711 75


V. CONCLUDING REMARKS

In conclusion, Newton's second
law provides the explanation
for the behavior of objects
upon which the forces do not
balance. The law states that
unbalanced forces cause
objects to accelerate with an
acceleration that is directly
proportional to the net force
and inversely proportional to
the mass.


VI. REFERENCES

http://wn.com/newton_s_laws
_of_motion_newton_s_second_l
aw

http://labman.phys.utk.edu/ph
ys135/laboratories/Lab4.htm

http://www.physics.sfsu.edu/
~jaosborn/p232/handouts/ph
ys232_Sample_Lab_Report.pdf

VII. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I take this opportunity to express
my profound gratitude and deep
regards to my guide Professor
Pulido for her exemplary
guidance, monitoring and
constant encouragement
throughout the course of this
experiment. I thank my parents,
brother, sisters and friends for
their constant encouragement
without which this assignment
would not be possible. Lastly, I
wanted to thank God for being
there, throughout the obstacles
that weve faced in order to come
to a conclusion of the final result.