To God Be the Glory

Q: A phase-locked Loop (PLL) has a VCO with free

freQuency of 16 MHz. As the freQuency of the reference
is gradually raised from zero, the loop locks at 12 MHz
and comes out of lock again at 18 KHz. Calculate the
capture range.
Solution:

216 12

Note: The capture range is approximately twice the
difference between the free-running freQ
freQuency at which lock is first achieved.
Q: In a certain CCTV recorder, the archive time is 14 days.
The recording will be operated at 5 PPS (number of
pictures per second). The file size of the recording is 20
Kbyte. Determine the disk storage capacity for it to be as
effective as an S-VHS recording.
Solution:
86400
86400 14 5 20

Q: What is the maximum data rate for the fre
band (300 3 kHz) with an S/N = 24 dB?
Solution:
3.321 /
3.3227001 251.19

Where:

24
10

251.19
3000 300 2.7
Q: Calculate the percent modulation of an AM system
with a sideband power of 2kW and a carrier power of
10kW.

EST November 2010
locked Loop (PLL) has a VCO with free-running
of the reference
is gradually raised from zero, the loop locks at 12 MHz
and comes out of lock again at 18 KHz. Calculate the
Note: The capture range is approximately twice the
Quency and the
: In a certain CCTV recorder, the archive time is 14 days.
The recording will be operated at 5 PPS (number of
pictures per second). The file size of the recording is 20
ermine the disk storage capacity for it to be as

20
: What is the maximum data rate for the freQuency

19

percent modulation of an AM system
with a sideband power of 2kW and a carrier power of
Solution:
P
sb
=

m =

m = 89%

Q: The noise figure or a certain receiver is 4dB. If it has a
(S/N) input of 20 dB, what is its (S/N) output?

Solution:
F = (S/N)
input
(S/N)
output
(S/N)
output
= (S/N)
input
F
= 20dB 4dB
(S/N)
output
= 16 dB

Q: Determine the video freQuency response considering
the 320 horizontal lines of a TV receiver.

Solution:

80
MHz

320
80

Q: A transmitter system has input power of 40kW. If the
transmitter has an efficiency of 80%, then what is the
power density 20km from the transmitter? Assume an
antenna gain of 16dB.

Solution:

4


3239
420
.

where:
November 2010
Page 1
: The noise figure or a certain receiver is 4dB. If it has a
its (S/N) output?
output


uency response considering
the 320 horizontal lines of a TV receiver.
MHz
MHz

A transmitter system has input power of 40kW. If the
transmitter has an efficiency of 80%, then what is the
power density 20km from the transmitter? Assume an


39.81
20

To God Be the Glory

P
t
= 0.8 x 40 kW = 32 kW
G
t
= 10

= 39.81

Q: Calculate the shot noise of a diode with a forward bias
of 1mA over a 20kHz bandwidth. (Q
e
= 1.6 x 10

Solution:

21.610

110

20

.



Resonant freQuency of Helmholtz resonator: f=
where v = speed of sound = 330 m/s, V =
Helmholtz resonator volume in m
3
, r = neck radius
Transmission range = 2htan , where = angle of
incidence = 90 angle of radiation
Balanced two-wire near ground: Z
o
=

log

/

PAL625 lines, width to height is 4:3
Solution: 625 x (4/3) 625 = (I forgot what
followswhole number man gud yata to.) final answer
though is 3.1 Mbps?
Q: Calculate in dBm the received signal of 20 V having a
system impedance of 50 .y
A:

Solution:

10log

EST November 2010
: Calculate the shot noise of a diode with a forward bias
= 1.6 x 10
-19
C)
2010

uency of Helmholtz resonator: f=

where v = speed of sound = 330 m/s, V =
, r = neck radius
= angle of
=
(I forgot what
followswhole number man gud yata to.) final answer
Calculate in dBm the received signal of 20 V having a


Q: An SSB transmitter is transmitting to a load of 75 .
Calculate the peak-envelope power, if it the system has
peak-to-peak voltage of 700 V.y
A: .

Solution:

= 350 volts

Watts
.


Q: Determine the Incremental
CATV channel 124.y
A: 793.2625 MHz

Solution:
68
68 124 1
793.2625 MHz



Q. Calculate the electric field strength 20 km d from an
elementary douplet with current of 2A with 0.5 m
antenna length and freQuency is 10 MHz.

A. . /
Solution:

60

600.5
310

1010

314.16

Q. In fiber optic communications, determine the amount
of loss when light is launched to a larger fiber core
diameter of 40 m, that is received to a smaller fiber core
of diameter of 10 m.

A. 12.04 dB
November 2010
Page 2
An SSB transmitter is transmitting to a load of 75 .
envelope power, if it the system has

= 350 volts

Watts

Determine the Incremental-Relative-Carrier (IRC) of
1.2625
1.2625
Calculate the electric field strength 20 km d from an
elementary douplet with current of 2A with 0.5 m
uency is 10 MHz.

sin
52
2010

/
. In fiber optic communications, determine the amount
of loss when light is launched to a larger fiber core
diameter of 40 m, that is received to a smaller fiber core

To God Be the Glory


Solution:




20log



12.04


Q. A transformer has supply of 12V and a collector current
of 2A. The turns ratio is 4:2. Calculate the impedance
seen by the audio amplifier.

A. 24

Solution:


4
2

12
2
6

Q. In cable TV, what is the standard freQuency carrier
channel 221.

A. Standard freQuency carrier=
[6(8 + channel designation) + 1.25] MHz.
[6(8 +221) + 1.25] MHz.
1,375.25 MHz


Q. In fiber optics communication, find the loss incurred by
the transmission given a launching numerical aperture
0.2 and a receiving numerical aperture of 0.1

A. Loss = - 20log



Loss = - 20log
.
.


Loss = 6.02 dB
Q: The CATV has a loss of 20dBmV. To compensate, how
much voltage is reQuired next to the amplifier.
EST November 2010

. A transformer has supply of 12V and a collector current
late the impedance
uency carrier of
[6(8 + channel designation) + 1.25] MHz.
In fiber optics communication, find the loss incurred by
the transmission given a launching numerical aperture of
0.2 and a receiving numerical aperture of 0.1
: The CATV has a loss of 20dBmV. To compensate, how
next to the amplifier.
Soln:
20dBmV = 20 log V
V = log

(20 /20 ) = 10 V
Q: Determine the freQuency of a half wave dipole 3.6 m
length
Soln:
/ 2 = L
= (3.6)(2)
f = c / = 300x10
6
/ (3.6)(2) = 41.67Mhz
Q: a rectangular waveguide with a 2 x 4 cm dime
Determine the cut-off freQuency, assuming dominant
mode of operation.
Solution:

o
= 2a / m ; m = 1 (dominant mode)

o
= 2 (4) / 1

o
= 8 cm

f
c
= c /
o
f
c
= 3 x 10
10
/ 8
f
c
= 3.75 GHz Ans.
Q: PM transmitter has a freQuency
with a modulating freQuency of 400
maximum phase shift of the system?
Solution:

max
= / f
min

max
= 12 Khz / 400 Hz

max
= 30
o

A TV antenna is on the top of a tower of 800ft high. A
viewer has her receiver antenna on the upper floor of her
November 2010
Page 3
uency of a half wave dipole 3.6 m
/ (3.6)(2) = 41.67Mhz
ular waveguide with a 2 x 4 cm dimension.
uency, assuming dominant
= 2a / m ; m = 1 (dominant mode)
uency deviation of 12 Khz
uency of 400 4 Khz. What is the
imum phase shift of the system?
A TV antenna is on the top of a tower of 800ft high. A
ntenna on the upper floor of her

To God Be the Glory

house 200ft above the ground. Determine the
approximate the minimum transmission distance.
2

2800 2200

d = 60miles



Determine the modulation index of an FM system if the
carrier swing is 12 kHz and a modulation fre
kHz.

2
6
CS = 12kHz
f
m
= 6kHz

Q: light enters a glass core fiber with n=1.62 from air at
40
o
angle of incidence.

sin

sin

sin

1
1.62
sin40
A:
2
=23
o

Q: A 10dB signal was superimposed by a 10W reference.
What is the dBm value for this?
10 10log

10

100
10log
100
1

A: 50dBm
Q: A certain system has a loss of 31dB with an input of
5mW. Find P
0

31 10

A: P
0
= 3.97W

EST November 2010
house 200ft above the ground. Determine the
approximate the minimum transmission distance.

200
Determine the modulation index of an FM system if the
carrier swing is 12 kHz and a modulation freQuency of 6
light enters a glass core fiber with n=1.62 from air at
A 10dB signal was superimposed by a 10W reference.
A certain system has a loss of 31dB with an input of









Problem: In fiber optics communications, what is the
optical power 45km from 0.1mW source on a single mode
fiber that has 0.25dB/km loss?
Solution:

.

45

10log

.

Problem: What time it takes to scan 20 picture elements
when 400 picture elements are scanned in 60
Solution:

0.1520

Problem: How often will hand
travels through CMTS at 100 km per hour speed if
distance between cells is 10km?
Solution:

10
100
0.13600

Problem: Determine the length of dipole antenna
designed to receive a 100 MHz broadcast signal.
Answer: 1.43 m
Solution:
0.95

2
0.95
3
100

Problem: A receiver IF filter has a shape factor of 4 and 6
kHz bandwidth for 6dB-down. What is the bandwidth for
60dB down?
Answer: 24 kHz
Solution:
Shape factor=

November 2010
Page 4
In fiber optics communications, what is the
optical power 45km from 0.1mW source on a single mode
11.25
What time it takes to scan 20 picture elements
when 400 picture elements are scanned in 60s?

0.15

How often will hand-offs occur when vehicle
travels through CMTS at 100 km per hour speed if
distance between cells is 10km?
3600 1
Determine the length of dipole antenna
designed to receive a 100 MHz broadcast signal.
310

10010

2
1.43
A receiver IF filter has a shape factor of 4 and 6
down. What is the bandwidth for

To God Be the Glory

4=

BW (-60dB) = 24 kHz


Problem: An FM system has a carrier freQuency deviation
of 2.5 kHz and a modulating freQuency of 500 Hz. Find the
modulation index.
Answer: 5

Solution:

2.5
500
5



Problem: The carrier of the CB transmitter guaranteed
accurately 0.0006%.What is the maximum fre
the transmitter if it is to transmit in Channel 18 with a
nominal freQuency of 27.175 MHz.
Answer: 27.175MHz

Solution:
. 27.175
.

. 27.175

Problem: In BPSK, if the carrier freQuency is 100 MHz and
the bit rate is 14 MHz What is the minimum Ny
Bandwidth?
Answer: 14MHz

Solution:
, f

14

Q: What is the cut-off freQuency of the rectangular
waveguide that has a width of 0.6inch and a height of
0.38inch?
A: Soln:


300
2
f
a
=


( )( )
2
300
2 0.6 2.54 10
f
x

=

EST November 2010
uency deviation
uency of 500 Hz. Find the
The carrier of the CB transmitter guaranteed
accurately 0.0006%.What is the maximum freQuency of
the transmitter if it is to transmit in Channel 18 with a

(27.175MHz)

uency is 100 MHz and
the bit rate is 14 MHz What is the minimum NyQuist
f

uency of the rectangular
waveguide that has a width of 0.6inch and a height of
Ans. 9842.5 10 f GHz GHz =

Q: Calculate the freQuency deviation of an FM modulator
that has a 30 /
f
k KHz V = that operates at a carrier
freQuency of 175MHz modulated by a 6V sinewave.
A: Soln:


f m
k V =

Where ( ) 2 2 6
m rms
V V = =
8.485
m
V V =

( ) 30 8.485
KHz
V
V
=
Ans 255KHz =


Q: What is the effective radiated power (ERP) of a
repeater with a 100W transmitting output power, 4dB
feedline loss, 6dB circulator loss, and a 10dB feedline
antenna gain?
A: Soln:


( ) dBw r dBw T
ERP P G = +


( )
100
10log (4 6)
1
r dBw
W
P
W
= +

( )
10
r dBw
P dbW =


10 10
20
dBw
dBw
ERP dBw dBw
ERP dBw
= +
=


1
10log
1
20
1 log
10
dBw
ERP
ERP
W
ERP W

=
=

Ans. 100 ERP W =

Q: What is the maximum aural transmitter power if the
peak visual transmitter power is 120kW?
A: For European and American standards, the maximum
aural power is 20 percent of the peak visual power.
( ) ( 0.20 0.20 120
aural visual
P P kW = =
Ans. 24
aural
P kW =

November 2010
Page 5
f GHz GHz
deviation of an FM modulator
that operates at a carrier
uency of 175MHz modulated by a 6V sinewave.


: What is the effective radiated power (ERP) of a
repeater with a 100W transmitting output power, 4dB
feedline loss, 6dB circulator loss, and a 10dB feedline

10log (4 6) = +

10 10 ERP dBw dBw
ERP dBw
= +


What is the maximum aural transmitter power if the
power is 120kW?
For European and American standards, the maximum
aural power is 20 percent of the peak visual power.
) 0.20 0.20 120 P P kW

To God Be the Glory

Q: A PM system has a modulation index of 1.3 rad. What
is the maximum phase deviation in degrees?
A: In PM systems, the modulation index is e
maximum phase deviation.

360
1.3 75
2
rad
rad

=


o
o

Ans. 75 =
o

Q: If a transmitter has power of 5kW and an electric field
intensity of 50
V
m

, what is the electric field intensity of a

15kW transmitter?
A:
2
1 1
2
2 2
P
P

=
2
2
5 50
15
kW
kW x
=
Ans.
2
87
V
m

=
Q: What is the power in a 100mV peak NRZ s
pulse in a 250 channel in a digital system?
A: 20W
P =

P =
.

= 20W

V
RMS
= 100mV/2 = 0.0707

Q: How many flyback lines are produced during vertical
retrace of each field provided that the vertical retrace
time is only 3% of the vertical trace time of TV?
A: 7.875 = 8
# of flyback lines = 0.03x262.5 = 7.875 = 8

Q: Given a DC power of 1000W, calculate the power of an
audio signal needed to modulate the RF amplifier to 90%.
A: 405W
P
SB
=

P
C


P
SB
=
.

(1000W) = 405W
EST November 2010
: A PM system has a modulation index of 1.3 rad. What
deviation in degrees?
In PM systems, the modulation index is eQual to the
: If a transmitter has power of 5kW and an electric field
, what is the electric field intensity of a
What is the power in a 100mV peak NRZ sQuare wave
channel in a digital system?
How many flyback lines are produced during vertical
retrace of each field provided that the vertical retrace
time is only 3% of the vertical trace time of TV?
Given a DC power of 1000W, calculate the power of an
audio signal needed to modulate the RF amplifier to 90%.
Q: Find the maximum range of a microwave system
whose transmitter height is 52m and receiver height is
32m.

A. 53 m

Solution:

d 1752
d 53.06 m
Q: The reference voltage used for a CATV is 1mV across a
75 . Consider an amplifier having a voltage gain of 20
driving a cable with an attenuation factor of 0.5. Find the
final output in dmV.
A. 20 dmV

Solution:
output of ampliier 1
output of cable 20 mV

In dmV:
output of cable 20 log

Q: For a Quarternary Phase-Shift Keying (
a carrier freQuency of 60MHz and an input rate of 10
Mbps, find the minimum NyQuist bandwidth.
A. 5 MHz

Solution:
For QPSK:

10 Mbps
2
f

5 Mbps
f

5 MHz
Q: In CATV, determine the Harmonically Related Carrier
(HRC) of channel 125.
A: 798.0399 MHz

Harmonically Related Carrier
.
6.0003 8 125MHz
November 2010
Page 6
Find the maximum range of a microwave system
whose transmitter height is 52m and receiver height is

1732
m 53m
The reference voltage used for a CATV is 1mV across a
ier having a voltage gain of 20
driving a cable with an attenuation factor of 0.5. Find the
1 mV20 20 mV
mV0.5 10 mV

10 mV
1 mV
20 dmV
Shift Keying (QPSK), data with
uency of 60MHz and an input rate of 10
uist bandwidth.

Mbps
2

Mbps
MHz
In CATV, determine the Harmonically Related Carrier

MHz


To God Be the Glory

.
Q: In FM broadcasting, calculate the fre
freQuency range of standard FM receiver.
A: 1.2 MHz

118.7 MHz
98.7 MHz

.

Where

.

In FM: 88 MHz 108MHz (band)
10.7 MHz (IF)
Q: For an 8 PSK modulation, data with a carrier fre
of 80MHz and an input rate of 10 Mbps, find the
minimum NyQuist bandwidth.
A: 3.33 MHz

10 Mbps
3

f

3.33 Mbps
f

3.33 MHz
Q: In an AM receiver double tuned IF with coupling
constant of 1.5Kc, the Quality factor of the primary and
secondary is 40 and 30 respectively. What is the
bandwidth?
A: 19.702 kHz

W =Kopt x IF
.

Kc
1
40 x 30

Kc 0.0288
Kopt 1.5 0.0288 0.013

W = (0.0133)(455x10

)
W = 19.702 kHz
EST November 2010
In FM broadcasting, calculate the freQuency tuning

.
.
For an 8 PSK modulation, data with a carrier freQuency
of 80MHz and an input rate of 10 Mbps, find the
In an AM receiver double tuned IF with coupling
uality factor of the primary and
secondary is 40 and 30 respectively. What is the
Q: What is the freQuency-deviation constant of a Clapp
oscillator unmodulated freQuency when the unmodulated
freQuency is 50 MHz with n=0.1 and fixed
ANS: 733. 138 x 10
3

k
50
21 n1 2Vo

.

Q: What is the power density of a 500m
1kW dipole antenna?
ANS: 0.3183 mW/m
2

P
1000
4500

. /

Have fun, with looks fam

Q: Program running as priority
A: foreground program

Q: Predefined tools and programs
A: utilities

Q: Forces between a magnetic material & a magnet
A: is never repulsive

Q: Unit of current
A: Ampere

Q: D flip-flop, two inputs
A: data & clock

Q: Gyrometers
A: precession

Q: If speed is doubled in motors while flux is maintained, emf will be ______.
A: double

Q: Extrinsic Semiconductors
A: Covalent bonding forming tetrahedral

Q: The maintaining heat for effective soldering
A: thermal inertia

Q: Battery is
A: a number of cells

Q: Maximum slew rate of 741 Op-Amp
A: 0.5 V/S

Q: Approximate shorted current on 741 Op-
A: 25 mA

November 2010
Page 7
deviation constant of a Clapp
uency when the unmodulated
uency is 50 MHz with n=0.1 and fixed bias of 15?
What is the power density of a 500m source from a
Forces between a magnetic material & a magnet
If speed is doubled in motors while flux is maintained, emf will be ______.
The maintaining heat for effective soldering
-Amp

To God Be the Glory

Q: Ratio of voltage across the diode and the current through it at
A: DC resistance

Q: Region of the Zener diode
A: Zener Region
Q: soldering temperature
A: 550F
Q: tedious when checking more than one transistor
A: Substitution Method
Q: used so that only selected areas of the photoresist are exposed
A: Wafer mask
Q: four-arm AC bridge used to measure inductance against standard
capacitance; also called Maxwell-Wien bridge
A: Maxwell bridge
Q:
A: psychrometer
Q: power rectifier front-to-back ratio
A: 10:1
Q: signal diode front-to-back ratio
A: 300:1
Q: number of bits(?) in a record
A: record length
Q: advantage of GaAs over Si and Ge
A: faster
Q: semiconductor temperature coefficient
A: negative
EST November 2010
Ratio of voltage across the diode and the current through it at
: used so that only selected areas of the photoresist are exposed
arm AC bridge used to measure inductance against standard
November 2010
Page 8