27 February 2014

Transformer demagnetization
with CPC 100 + CP SB1
OMICRON
Structure
> Why demagnetization
> Influence of remanence on the inrush current
> Influence of remanence on diagnostic measurements
> Exciting current measurement
> FRA measurement
> Demagnetization with CPC 100 + CP SB1
> Case study on a 350 MVA transformer
> Demagnetization results
> FRA verification
Page 2 OMICRON
Structure
> Why demagnetization
> Influence of remanence on the inrush current
> Influence of remanence on diagnostic measurements
> Exciting current measurement
> FRA measurement
> Demagnetization with CPC 100 + CP SB1
> Case study on a 350 MVA transformer
> Demagnetization results
> FRA verification
Page 3 OMICRON
Influence of remanence on the inrush current
> When energyzing a transformer a transient current called Inrush current
will flow for several cycles
> Remanence in the core can lead to too high Inrush Current and mechanical
forces which can damage the transformer
OMICRON Page 4
Structure
> Why demagnetization
> Influence of remanence on the inrush current
> Influence of remanence on diagnostic measurements
> Exciting current measurement
> FRA measurement
> Demagnetization with CPC 100 + CP SB1
> Case study on a 350 MVA transformer
> Demagnetization results
> FRA verification
Page 5 OMICRON
Influence of remanence on exciting current
Exciting current measurement
> The exciting current measurement is a method to find
failures or defects in the core.
> A magnetised core has a big influence on the exciting current and
can lead to a wrong interpretation of the measurements.
> It is recommended to perform an exciting current measurement before the
winding resistance measurements or to demagnetize the transformer.
Page 6 OMICRON
Influence of remanence on exciting current
Exciting current @ 2 kV
Page 7 OMICRON
0.0A
0.002A
0.004A
0.006A
0.008A
0.01A
0.012A
0.014A
0.016A
0.018A
0.02A
U with remanence
V with remanence
W with remanence
U without remanence
V without remanence
W without remanence
A demagnetized core is essential for a relailable
exciting current measurement.
Structure
> Why demagnetization
> Influence of remanence on the inrush current
> Influence of remanence on diagnostic measurements
> Exciting current measurement
> FRA measurement
> Demagnetization with CPC 100 + CP SB1
> Case study on a 350 MVA transformer
> Demagnetization results
> FRA verification
Page 8 OMICRON
Influence of remanence on FRA measurements
FRA measurement
> Remanence in a transformer has a big influence on
the FRA measurment.
> Before performing a FRA measurement the transformer
must be demagnetised.
> The FRA measurement is also a good method to verify
whether a transformer is demagnetized.
Page 9 OMICRON
Influence of remanence on FRA measurements
Interpretation ranges of the FRA measurement
Page 10 OMICRON
Remanence has a big influence
on the first resonance points.
Influence of remanence on FRA measurements
Typical FRA pattern without remanence
> The phases on the outer limbs (typically A and C) should be similar and
should show two resonance points due to two different long magnetic paths.
Page 11 OMICRON
Phase A
Phase C
Phase B
A B C
Remanence will move the
resonance points to the right
(higher frequencies).
Influence of remanence on FRA measurements
> Why is the curve moving to the right if the core is magnetised?
> As explained in a previous slide, once the core saturates however, the winding inductance
appears greatly reduced. Or in other works Ldemagnetised is larger than Lmagnetised Ldemag >
Lmag. A resonance point in the FRA cruve is always a combination of a Capacitance C and an
inductance L which can be shown in an equivalent circuit diagram. A resonance condition is
expressed by the formula fo=1/(2*phi*sqrt(L*C)). Therefore, if L is getting smaller, which is the
case of a magentised core, the fo is getting larger and therefore the resonance point in the FRA
curve is moving to the right
Page 12 OMICRON
Structure
> Why demagnetization
> Influence of remanence on the inrush current
> Influence of remanence on diagnostic measurements
> Exciting current measurement
> FRA measurement
> Demagnetization with CPC 100 + CP SB1
> Case study on a 350 MVA transformer
> Demagnetization results
> FRA verification
Page 13 OMICRON
Demagnetization with CPC 100 + CP SB1
Demagnetization
> The demagnetization is done on
the primary side of the
transformer.
> For the measurement the V1 AC
as well as the V DC
measurement inputs have to be
connected.
Page 14 OMICRON
Demagnetization with CPC 100 + CP SB1
> The demagnetization routine is available as test card on the CPC 100s
front panel and within the Primary Test Manager (PTM).
CPC 100 Demag test card
Page 15 OMICRON
Demagnetization with CPC 100 + CP SB1
> The demagnetization routine is available as test card on the CPC 100s
front panel and within the Primary Test Manager (PTM).
Demagnetization test within PTM
Page 16 OMICRON
Power transformer demagnetization routine
> Demagnetization can be done with rated voltage at rated frequency or
alternatively with reduced voltage at reduced frequency.
Page 17 OMICRON
Power transformer demagnetization routine
> What to consider if demagnetisation is done with reduced voltage @
reduced frequency.
> To calculate the flux in the core we need to know the winding resistance.
Page 18 OMICRON
=
A
V
L
i
u
L =
]
(u t - R i(t))Jt
u(t) = L*
d
dt
+ R i(t)
Power transformer demagnetization routine
The right way of demagnetizating a power transformer
with reduced voltage at reduced frequency
> The CPC 100 demagnetization algorithm is an intelligent iterative process
depending on the hysteresis loop parameters. This enables the
demagnetization of small distribution transformers as well as for big power
transformers.
Page 19 OMICRON
1. Calculation of the hysteresis loop
parameter by measuring the
current, voltage and the core flux.
2. With the knowledge of the
hysteresis parameters and
continuous monitoring the flux
and exciting current I
exc
the flux is
regulated to reach zero
magnetization.
3. Demagnetization process is
finished when the remaining
remanence flux is below 1 % of
the maximum flux.
Structure
> Why demagnetization
> Influence of remanence on the inrush current
> Influence of remanence on diagnostic measurements
> Exciting current measurement
> FRA measurement
> Demagnetization with CPC 100 + CP SB1
> Case study on a 350 MVA transformer
> Demagnetization results
> FRA verification
Page 20 OMICRON
Case study on a 350 MVA transformer
Page 21 OMICRON
Transformer data
Manufacturer Trafo-Union
Man. year 1971
Type TFSN 8556
Vector group YNyn0
Rating 350 MVA
HV rating 400,000 kV
LV rating 30,000 kV
Demagnetization
routine
Demagnetization
routine
FRA verification after
demag. routine
FRA verification after
demag. routine
Initial FRA
verification
Initial FRA
verification
DC winding
resistance
DC winding
resistance
FRA verification
after DC test
FRA verification
after DC test
Case study on a 350 MVA transformer
Results
> Current: 6 A
> Max. flux: +/- 712.7 VS
> Iterations: 18
> Initial remanence: 98.2 %
> Remaining flux: -0.8 %
> Demagnetization time: 5 min
Page 22 OMICRON
Case study on a 350 MVA transformer
Page 23 OMICRON
FRA after DC winding
resistance test on phase B
FRA after demagnetization
with the CPC 100
Case study on a 350 MVA transformer
Phase A
Page 24 OMICRON
Initial FRA verification
After DC test
After demagnetization
Case study on a 350 MVA transformer
Phase B
Page 25 OMICRON
Initial FRA verification
After DC test
After demagnetization
Case study on a 350 MVA transformer
Phase C
Page 26 OMICRON
Initial FRA verification
After DC test
After demagnetization
Benefits of demagnetization with CPC 100 + CP SB1
> Efficient process because no additional wiring effort is needed when
already using the CP SB1 in combination with the CPC 100
> Short demagnetization time
> With the CPC 100 demagnetization algorithm the demagnetization of
small distribution transformers as well as for big power transformers
can be done
> Demagnetization will reduce the inrush current
> Demagnetization before routine or diagnostic tests will
ensure correct results
Page 27 OMICRON