Associate Professor PhD POPA CATALIN Mircea cel Batran Naval Academy Maritime Economics That side of economics science in charge with maritime transport activities reasearch and study, in order to provide useful working tools of in this specific area of knowledge. Economic enterprises that carry on naval transportation activities, implying in the demand and supply market game, aiming to get profit from an efficient resource blending in terms of economic capability Naval Transportion economic activities MARITIME ECONOMICS DEFINITION TRANSPORT IMPORTANCE IN ECONOMIC CIRCUIT MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES FOREIGN TRADE COMPANIES TRADE COMPANIES TRANSPORT COMPANIES LOGISTICS ENTERPRISES RETAIL CONSUMPTION PROCUREMENT CHAIN Maritime transports advantages: the cheapest meaning of transport; less pollutant; biggest quantities; developed in free area of international seas; proper standardization. Frompull to push logistics Transport integration in supply chain MODULE I MARITIME TRANPORTATION COMPONENTS Maritime Economics components Ships as the meaning of transport Freight cargo (goods) as the transport object Ports as the operating location Maritime Actors as transport subjects Legal framework the transportation rules and contracts Ships naval transportation meanings Ships technical features: flotability, maneuvering and self navigation, safety of people and goods, propelling systems, operation capabilities. Economic framework of operating performance: Speed, weather conditions; Ship consumptions; Time restriction; Quantity restrictions; Logistic matters; Port activity performance. Ships naval transportation meanings Ships naval transportation meanings THE FREIGHT CARGO THE OBJECT OF MARITIME TRANSPORTS The cargo importance consists in its: quantity; quality; fluence; frequency; ciclycity of demand. Types of navigation: Tramp navigation; Liner navigation; Cruise line. PORT ACTIVITIES a. SHIPS SERVICES: shipbuilding yards, ship repairing and maintanance serrvices; ship bunkers brokerage; operation services: towage, pilotage, quayage, utilities. b. GOODS SERVICES: freight operation on loading/unloading procedures; containership services; packing procedures; storage or other goods services. ADDED-VALUE SERVICES: customservices, insurance, brokerage, goods manufacturing. MAJOR PORT FUNCTIONS LOADING AND UNLOADING CENTERS; TRADE/ECONOMIC/FINANCIAL FUNCTIONS; FREIGHT SERVICES ADDED VALUE CENTERS; LOGISTIC CENTER ON HINTERLAND; SOCIAL, PUBLIC, ECOLOGIC FUNCTIONS. PORT ACTIVITIES Port Community: Public institutions and port authorities, Port and naval operators, Enterprises in hinterland; Stakehorders (as investors, brokers, agents or insurance houses). Major Types of Ports: Service ports - managed and operated by public institutions; Tool ports private operators but managed by public authorities; Landlord ports public-private port; Private ports is satisfied the private interest. The influencing factors in port activity Influencing factors Freight demand in region Socio-economic development Port development Port geo-position Private Service Ports Tool Ports Landlord Ports Service Ports Main actors implied in shipping industry SHIP-OWNERS Shipping companies ; CHARTERERS/ EXPORTERS the transport clients; BROKERS for freight, ships, assurance, services; AGENTS for services, operation, ship chandlers; PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS: authorities, stock exchange institutions; MARITIME MARKET: freight, ships selling, wrecking. SHIPPING COMPANIES MANAGEMENT - the managerial components - Contract management; Freight (market) management; Operational management; Technical management maintanance, repairing; Financial & economic management; Legal management; Human resources internal or by crewing. SHIPPING COMPANIES TYPOLOGY Tramp companies; Liner companies; Cruiseline companies; Wide specialized maritime companies; Specialized maritime transporters; Ultraspecialized maritime transporters; Holding companies: one ship-one company; Branch naval companies within corporations. LEGAL FRAMEWORK International conventions or agreements as : SOLAS, STCW, LL, MLC, ISM, ISPS. Contract agreements major contracts in maritime transport: Voyage Charter; Contract Of Afreightment; Time Charter; Bare boat charter. MODULE II MARITIME MARKET COMPONENTS AND EVOLUTIONS Maritime market components Freight rates market; Ship building market; Second-hand ship trade market; Wrecking market; Port services market; Seagoing labor market; Added value services (for goods and ships). Price mechanismon maritime market Factors that influencing the maritime trade DEMAND Global economy Maritime trade Transport route rate Ocassionally shocks Maritime transport cost SUPPLY Global Fleet Fleet productivity New ship buiding Wrecking industry Freight rates market The maritime market structure Ship trade market cash cash CHARTERERS Freight market SHIP YARDS BUILDING Owners Cut wreck business Shipbuilding market Wrecking industry Business environment cash cash Cash Transport New ships Nave vechi Ship deployments Economy Business cycles in maritime industry The economic growth determine maritime trade increasing Maritime trade Oil Oil products Coal Containers Iron, steel Grains Transported quantity/ distance (tons/miles) Factors ntmpltori Goods owners decision Costs transportului DEMAND FREIGHT MARKET - SUPPLY/DEMAND MECHANISM Ship-owners decisions Ship trade market Fleet productivity Global fleet New ships input, ship cuts output Operation costs are increasing by ship age Ship building Added values Financing policies Supervision and legal framework Trade balance SUPPLY MODULE III MARITIME MARKET EVOLUTIONS - Statistic overview- International maritime market issues International seaborne trade; Fleet evolution structure, volume; Freight market & maritime costs; Ports evolution and development; Regulatory and legal frameworks; Sustainable shipping future development. International seaborne trade Maritime transport is the backbone of international trade and a key engine driving globalization. Around 80% of global trade by volume and over 70% by value is carried by sea and is handled by ports worldwide; These shares are even higher in the case of most developing countries. Synthesis main statistical ideeas world seaborne trade grew by 4 % in 2011, taking the total volume of goods loaded up to 8,7 billion tons; world fleet continuue to expand recording an increase of 37% in last four years, reaching 1,5 billion dwt; freight rates in 2011 and 2012 continuue to be on low levels, unprofitable for ship owners; Container throughput get an increase of 5.9% touching the level of 528 millions TEU. World economic overview While growth in developed economies weakened in 2011, developing countries continued to drive world economic expansion and to account increasingly for a larger share of world GDP. WORLD SEABORNE TRADE Preliminary data indicate that world seaborne trade grew by 4% , based on dry cargo volumes increasing up to 5,6% (containers and najor bulk trades up to 8,6%) International seaborne trade by cargo type World seaborne trade in period of 1999-2012 World seaborne trade in period of 1999-2012 World seaborne trade in period of 1999-2012 Global container trade in period of 1999-2012 World fleet structure by vessel types New container ships deliveries World fleet age evolution Global share of foreign-flagged fleet Foreign and national ownership of top 30 fleets World tonnage new orders Freight rates statistics container shipping Freight rates statistics daily tanker time charter Freight rates statistics BDI evolution Cost of maritime transport by components Top 20 port operator in containers Seagoing labor market The evolution of seafarers demand embarked under EU flag in 2011 Seagoing labor market The evolution of seafarers by region in 2012 Seagoing labor market perspectives Thank you for your patience and good understanding!