Lecture No 32

EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)

It also the Cisco Proprietary Routing Protocol and it is use by only the Cisco Routers
other routers can not use this protocol
EIGRP is !ybrid Routing Protocol
It is basically "istance #ector Routing Protocol but it has also the $eatures o$ Lin%
&tate Routing Protocols 'ust li%e in (&P) that is why it is also called the !ybrid
Routing Protocol
*ut strictly spea%ing it is the "istance #ector Routing Protocol
&o+e )eatures o$ (&P) in EIGRP
, Neighbors "isco-ery using !ello Pac%ets
In EIGRP the Routers also e.change the !ello Pac%ets with their Neighboring
routers and neighboring in$or+ation sa-es in the Neighboring /ables
2 E.changing o$ Routing In$or+ation
In EIGRP all the routers directly e.change the routing in$or+ation with their
neighboring routers and in this case it is not +ore co+plicated as in (&P) /here is
no "R or *"R &election etc
3 /opology /ables
0hen the routing in$or+ation e.change between the router it $irst o$ all &tores in
the /opology /able
1nd
EIGRP topology table is 2uite di$$erent $ro+ the (&P) topology table because (&P)
/opology /able contains the Link State Data Base3 and in EIGRP /opology /ables
there is &i+ply Routes Information.
In EIGRP /opology /ables there is Routing In$or+ation o$ all the Possible Routes $or
any "estination
)or e.a+ple4
I$ there are 5 possible routes $or the "estination in EIGRP /opology table there will
be all 5 possible routes $or this "estination
1
*
"
C
Route No 1
Route No 2
In the case o$ RIP and IGRP and (&P) there are only the *est Path In$or+ation in
the routing tables but in EIGRP there are all the Possible Path In$or+ation in the
topology table3 and Router will select the best path and put it into the routing table
5 &uccessor Route
/he best route in EIGRP which is selected $ro+ the topology table and beco+e able
to enter into the routing table is called &uccessor Route
6 )easible &uccessor Routes
/he re+aining routes in the topology tables will beco+e the )easible &uccessor
Routes Its purpose is that whene-er any &uccessor Route is down then the any
)easible &uccessor route will $ul$ill its de$iciency and it i++ediately beco+es the
&uccessor Route3 until the (riginal &uccessor Route does not 7p
Note4
Due to this process of selection of Successor Route immediately EIGRP is the best
Routing Protocol because in the case of RIP and IGRP !hene"er any Link becomes
do!n then all the routes send the routing update and set hold do!n timers and
!hen the hold do!n timers e#pire the net!ork con"erges and at last the second
best path is selected and again the routing information e#change. In this case more
time is consumed to con"ergence of the $et!ork.
Note4
In the case o$ RIP there are two reasons due to which routers do not select the
$easible successor
, RIP only sa-e the best path in$or+ation there $or it has no any route which
beco+e the $easible successor so the networ% should ha-e to con-erge
2 In RIP there is possibility o$ de-eloping the routing Loops i$ router try to
send the tra$$ic $ro+ its neighboring router it +ay be possible the
neighboring router has high +etric than it and routing loop de-elop


Conditions $or the selection o$ )easible &uccessor
Let us see this Non technical /opology
1
E
"
C )
G
*
,8
288
,88
68
,8
,8
,8
,8888
It is non technical e.a+ple $or understanding the process o$ the selection o$ )easible
&uccessor let $ro+ Router 1 to networ% ,8888 there are three possible routes
a-ailable
#ery I+portant Points
9uestion4
0hat is )easible "istance ()"): 1nd why it is used in EIGRP:
1nswer4
/he distance $or+ the &ource Router to its Neighboring Router and "istance
$ro+ Neighboring Router to the "estination is called the )easible "istance and the
selection o$ the &uccessor Route in EIGRP is done on the *asis o$ Lowest )easible
"istance
9uestion4
0hat is the 1d-ertise "istance (1"): 1nd why it is used in EIGRP:
1nswer4
1ll Possible Routes
$ro+ Router 1 to
;etric ;etric ;etric
)easible
"istance
1d-ertise
"istance
* E ,8888 ,8 68 ,8 <8 =8
C ) ,8888 ,8 ,88 ,8 ,28 ,,8
" G ,8888 ,8 288 ,8 228 2,8
)ro+ these possible three Routes $or the tra$$ic which is co+ing $ro+ the Router 1 it is
the &uccessor Route because it has Lowest )easible "istance ()"><8)
Now these are two routes $ro+ which the )easible &uccessor is to be selected
/he Route will be )easible &uccessor which has Less 1d-ertised "istance (1") than the
)easible "istance ()") o$ the &uccessor Route3 &o both Routes are not )easible
&uccessor
/he distance o$ the Neighboring Router with the "estination is called 1d-ertise
"istance and the selection o$ the )easible &uccessor is done on the basis o$ the
1d-ertise "istance
/he Route in EIGRP will be the )easible &uccessor which 1d-ertise "istance is Less
than the )easible "istance
Let us change the /opology
9uestion4
0hat is *ene$it o$ the )easible Conditions in EIGRP:
1ll Possible Routes
$ro+ Router 1 to
;etric ;etric ;etric
)easible
"istance
1d-ertise
"istance
* E ,8888 ,8 68 ,8 <8 =8
C ) ,8888 <8 58 ,8 ,,8 68
" G ,8888 ,68 =8 ,8 228 <8
1
E
"
C )
G
*
,8
=8
58
68
,8
,8
,8
,8888
<8
,68
)ro+ these possible three Routes $or the tra$$ic which is co+ing $ro+ the Router 1 it is
the &uccessor Route because it has Lowest )easible "istance ()"><8)
Now these are two routes $ro+ which the )easible &uccessor is to be selected
/he Route will be )easible &uccessor which has Less 1d-ertised "istance (1") than the
)easible "istance ()") o$ the &uccessor Route3
&o (CE,8888) Routes is )easible &uccessor3 because its 1d-ertise "istance
(1">68) is Less than the )easible "istance o$ ()"><8) &uccessor Route
1nswer4
*y applying the )easible Conditions the )easible &uccessor Route is selected
which i++ediately used as the &uccessor Route when e-er (riginal &uccessor Route
is down $or any reason
/he )easible &uccessor pre-ents the creation o$ the Routing Loops in the EIGRP
Networ%s *ecause i$ a Route has 1d-ertise "istance less than the )easible "istance
o$ the &uccessor Route it +eans its tra$$ic is not going through it so i$ the &uccessor
Route send its tra$$ic through the )easible &uccessor Route then it is ,88? sure it
will not de-elop the Routing loop
*ecause the routing loops produced when e-er a Lin% , (+etric>,8) is down and its
tra$$ic is send to the neighboring Lin% 2 (;etric>28) but it is possible i$ Lin% 2 was
sending /ra$$ic through Lin% , then Routing Loops are de-eloped
It is the +ost i+portant $eature o$ the EIGRP that is why it is +ore use$ul routing
protocol $or only Cisco Routers
9uestion4
0hat is the con-ergence ti+e o$ Networ% i$ there is EIGRP Routing Protocol is
running:
1nswer4
EIGRP has con-ergence ti+e in +sec because i$ any lin% (&uccessor Route) is
down it 'ust too% the routing in$or+ation ()easible &uccessor Routes) $or+ the
/opology /able and put into the Routing tables now this )easible &uccessor will wor%
as the &uccessor Route /ill the original route is not 7p I$ there is not any route
which is able to wor% as the )easible &uccessor then the con-ergence ti+e will be
+ore
;etric Calculation o$ IGRP and EIGRP
/he +ethod o$ calculation o$ the ;etric o$ the IGRP and EIGRP is sa+e we 'ust ha-e
to calculate the IGRP +etric and +ultiply it with 26= we will get EIGRP ;etric
1s we %now de$ault +etrics o$ IGRP are *andwidth and "elay we can $ind out the
Co+posite ;etric by using $ollowing )or+ulae and add both *andwidth and "elay
,8
<
IGRP (;etric@*andwidth) >
*andwidth (in A*)
"elay
IGRP (;etric@"elay) >
,8
(nly put the ;ini+u+ *andwidth in A* o$ the (utgoing Inter$ace o$ the Router in Route in the
$ollowing $or+ula and calculate the IGRP *andwidth which is the ;etric o$ the IGRP
Put the &u+ o$ all the "elays o$ all the (utgoing Inter$aces o$ the Routers in Route in the
$ollowing $or+ula and calculate the IGRP "elay which is the ;etric o$ the IGRP

IGRP (Co+posite ;etric) = IGRP (Bandwidth) + IGRP (Delay)
EIGRP (Co+posite ;etric) > 26=.IGRP (Composite Metric)
Let us suppose in the $ollowing &cenario there is EIGRP is running and we ha-e to
calculate the co+posite +etric

,8888
0e consider only the (utgoing Inter$aces
Let us suppose that /ra$$ic is going $ro+ Router 1 and its $inal "estination is
,8888 there are three Routers in the Route and we ha-e to $ind the Co+posite
;etric $or this Route
0e will add "elay o$ all the (utgoing Inter$aces and put it into the )or+ula (Note4
the "e$ault "elay $or &erial Inter$ace o$ the Router is 2888
"elay o$ all Routers (utgoing Inter$aces 288 B ,88 B ,88 B ,8 > 5,8
,8
Now put it into the $or+ula "elay >
"elay
,8
"elay EIGRP > > 88253C
5,8
/he Lowest *and width o$ the (utgoing inter$ace in A* =5 A*
,8
7
Now put it into the $or+ula o$ *andwidth >
1 * C "
288 ,88 ,88 ,8
/ra$$ic @Pac%ets
,2D ;* 26= A* =5 A* ,8 ;*
Put the IGRP *andwidth and IGRP "elay in the $ollowing $or+ula and calculate the IGRP
Co+posite ;etric
;ultiply IGRP Co+posite ;etric with 26= and we get the EIGRP Co+posite ;etric
S0 (1.1.1.1)
S0 (1.1.1.2)
S1 (2.1.1.2)
S1 (2.1.1.1)
S0 (3.1.1.1)
S0 (3.1.1.2)
E0 (200.100.50.100)
E0 (200.100.100.100)
E0 (200.100.200.100)
E0 (200.100.150.100)
B
C
,888
2888
3888
5888
IP (200.100.50.12) IP (200.100.50.11) IP (200.100.50.26) IP (200.100.200.25)
IP (200.100.100.65) IP (200.100.100.66) IP (200.100.150.80) IP (200.100.150.81)
288,88688 288,882888
288,88,888 288,88,688
S1 (4.1.1.2)
S1 (4.1.1.1)
6 !B
,88888888
*andwidth EIGRP > > ,6=2688
=5
Adding EIGRP Bandwidth and Delay = 0.02439+1562500 = 1562500.2534
!"#!$ite %et&i' !( EIGRP 256)1562523.2534 = 40000000006
*et +$ '!n(ig+&e EIGRP in the (!ll!wing ,etw!&-
routerA>
routerA>enable
routerA#
routerA#config terminal
routerA(config)#
routerA(config)#router eigrp 1
routerA(config-router)#
routerA(config-router)#network 1.0.0.0
routerA(config-router)#network 4.0.0.0
routerA(config-router)#network 200.100.50.0
routerA(config-router)#
routerA(config-router)#end
routerA#
routerA#telnet 1.1.1.2 . . . .
router#
router#config terminal
router(config)#
router(config)#router eigrp 1
router(cinfig-router)#
router(config-router)#network 1.0.0.0
router(config-router)#network 2.0.0.0
router(config-router)#network 200.100.100.100
router(config-router)#
router(config-router)#end
router#
router#telnet 2.1.1.2 . . . .
router!#
router!#config terminal
router!(config)#
router!(config)#router eigrp 1
router!(config-router)#
router!(config-router)#network 2.0.0.0
router!(config-router)#network ".0.0.0
router!(config-router)#network 200.100.150.0
router!(config-router)#
router!(config-router)#end
router!#
router!#telnet ".1.1.2 . . . .
router##
router##configure terminal
router#(config)#
"#tonomo#s $ystem %#m&er
" %etwor' or Internet (nder one
"dministrati)e Control is called an
"#tonomo#s $ystem*
router#(config)#router eigrp 1
router#(config-router)#
router#(config-router)#network ".0.0.0
router#(config-router)#network 4.0.0.0
router#(config-router)#network 200.100.200.0
router#(config-router)#
router#(config-router)#end
router##
Let us see the Routing /ables (&uccessor Routes)
I( we ty#e thi$ '!""and .$%ow ip route$/ we will $ee !nly the 0+''e$$!& R!+te$ Be$t R!+te$.
Router 1
routerA#
routerA#$%ow ip route
!ode$& ! - connected' ( - $tatic' ) - )*+,' + - +),' - - mobile' - *,
# - .)*+,' ./ - .)*+, e0ternal' 1 - 1(,2' )A - 1(,2 inter area
.1 - 1(,2 e0ternal t3pe 1' .2 - 1(,2 e0ternal t3pe 2' . - .*,
i - )(-)(' 41 - )(-)( le5el-1' 42 - )(-)( le5el-2' 6 - candidate
default *atewa3 of la$t re$ort i$ no $et
! 1.0.0.0 i$ directl3 connected to $erial 0 interface
! 4.0.0.0 i$ directl3 connected to $erial 1 interface
! 200.100.50.0 i$ directl3 connected to .t%ernet 0 interface
# 200.100.100.0 71008594:5; 5ia 1.1.1.2 $erial0 <0&45&44
# 200.100.150.0 7100849959; 5ia 1.1.1.2 $erial0 <5&42&42
200.100.150.0 7100849959; 5ia 4.1.1.1 $erial1 25&44&44
# 200.100.200.0 7100859412; 5ia 4.1.1.2 $erial1 55&44&2"
# ".0.0.0 7100895951; 5ia 1.1.1.2 $erial0 45&42&22
".0.0.0 7110895951; 5ia 4.1.1.2 $erial1 22&41&42
# 2.0.0.0 7100859<52; 5ia 1.1.1.2 $erial0 11&44&45
routerA#
+"D,Metric-
"s we 'now "dministrati)e Distance o. /IGRP 011
De.a#lt Metrics o. IGRP are 0 Band 2idth
3 Delay
B#t we will see the Composite Metric which is
composition o. (Band 2idth + Delay)
%e4t
5ope IP
"ddress
6o which
inter.ace we
can enter
5ow many seconds &e.ore
this (PD"6/ came
IGRP sends Ro#tin7 In.o*
".ter e)ery 81 sec &y
De.a#lt* +1981-
Similarly we can see all the routing tables of all routers using command
Show IP Route in router Privileged Mode.
======================================================
Let us see the /opology /ables (1lternate Routes or )easible &uccessor
Routes)
I( we want t! $ee Alte&nate R!+te$ !& 1ea$i2le 0+''e$$!& (!& the all de$tinati!n we will $ee it$ 3!#!l!gy
3a2le 2y +$ing the (!ll!wing '!""and .$%ow ip topolog3/
0h!w i# eig&# neigh2!&$