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Fidelity Criteria
Pengajar :
Sriyani Violina
Danang Junaedi
Image Fidelity
Measured in terms of the closeness of an
image to an original source, or ideal, image
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IPO model
Pros:
Very nice theoretically
Clearly-defined
notions of quality
Based on theory of
cognitive human vision
Flexible for
application-specific
model
Cons:
Practical to
implement?
Subject-specific
definition of quality
Subjects more
accurate at
determining relative
vs. absolute
measurement
Fidelity-based Approach
Modelled by IPO (Eindhoven)
Natural image as conveyer of visual
information about natural world
quality based on internal properties of
image, but only on past experiences of
subject
eg. quality of picture of grass depends on its
ability to conform to subjects expectations of
the appearance of grass
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Fidelity Criteria
The general classes of criteria :
1. Objective fidelity criteria
2. Subjective fidelity criteria
Fidelity Criteria
Subjective fidelity (Viewed by Human):
By absolute rating
By means of side-by-side comparison of and ) , ( y x f
) , (

y x f
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Subjective fidelity
Objective fidelity criteria
Objective fidelity:
Level of information loss can be expressed as a function
of the original and the compressed and subsequently
decompressed image.
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Objective fidelity criteria
MSE : one of many ways to quantify the difference
between values implied by an estimator and the true
values of the quantity being estimated
[ ]

=

= = = =
N M
y x f y x h
N M
y x e
MSE
M
x
N
y
M
x
N
y
.
) , ( ) , (
.
) , (
1 1
2
1 1
2
Objective fidelity criteria
PSNR : The phrase peak signal-to-noise ratio,
often abbreviated PSNR, is an engineering term
for the ratio between the maximum possible
power of a signal and the power of corrupting
noise that affects the fidelity of its
representation.
Because many signals have a very wide
dynamic range, PSNR is usually expressed in
terms of the logarithmic decibel scale.
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Objective fidelity criteria

y x
y x
y x h y x f
y x f
SNR
,
2
,
2
10
)) , ( ) , ( (
) , (
log 10
2 / 1
10
255
log 20
MSE
PSNR =
Fidelity Criteria
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Image Processing
Image Compression
Noise Filtering
Edge Detection
Goal of Image Compression
Digital images require huge amounts of
space for storage and large bandwidths
for transmission.
A 640 x 480 color image requires close to
1MB of space.
The goal of image compression is to
reduce the amount of data required to
represent a digital image.
Reduce storage requirements and increase
transmission rates.
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Approaches
Lossless
Information preserving
Low compression ratios
Lossy
Not information preserving
High compression ratios
Trade-off: image quality vs compression ratio
Data Information
Data and information are not synonymous
terms!
Data is the means by which information
is conveyed.
Data compression aims to reduce the
amount of data required to represent a
given quantity of information while
preserving as much information as
possible.
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Data Redundancy
compression
Compression ratio:
Data Redundancy (contd)
Relative data redundancy:
Example:
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Salah satu pengukuran yang dapat
dilakukan adalah
Dimana:
B = jumlah pixel sisi yang benar
S = jumlah pixelsisi yang salah (harusnya sisi
dikatakan tidak atau harusnya tidak sisi
dikatakan sisi)
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( )
% 100
_ _
.

=
Ori Sisi Tot
S B
Akur