Professional Documents
Culture Documents
o o o o
(
| | | | | | | |
(
+
` | | | |
(
) \ . \ . \ . \ .
1 2
2 2 2
1 1 1 2 2
2
1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
lo g , lo g
lo g lo g lo g lo g -1
( ) e x p 2
2 ( 1 )
x y
x x y y
K o x y
o o o o
s s
(
| | | | | | | |
(
+
` | | | |
(
) \ . \ . \ . \ .
1 2
2 2 2
1 1 1 2 2
2
1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1
lo g , lo g >
lo g lo g lo g lo g -1
( ) e x p 2
2 ( 1 )
x y
x x y y
K o x y
o o o o
s
(
| | | | | | | |
(
+
` | | | |
(
) \ . \ . \ . \ .
1 2
2 2 2
1 1 1 2 2
2
1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2
lo g > , lo g
lo g lo g lo g lo g -1
( ) e x p 2
2 ( 1 )
x y
x x y y
K o x y
o o o o
s
(
| | | | | | | |
(
+
` | | | |
(
) \ . \ . \ . \ .
1 2
lo g > , lo g > x y
( ) ( )
1
2
1 1 12 2 1 2 2
2
where 1 K o o o o o
t
(
= + +
.(1.1)
Now, (1.1) can be rewritten as
Estimation of Parameters of Bivariate Bilognormal Distribution
www.ijmsi.org 34 | P a g e
( , ) , ( , ) A }
1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1
( , ) , ( , ) A }
1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2
( , , , )
1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2
( , ) , ( , ) A }
1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 3
( , ) , ( , ) A }
1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 4
A = ( , )
1 1 1 2 1
w h e re
f
f
f
f
f
z
z z z z
z z z z
z z z z
z z z
z z z z
z z
e
e
=
e
e
1 2 2 2
: 0 , 0 , A = ( , ) : 0 , 0
1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2
A = ( , ) : 0 , 0 , A = ( , ) : 0 , 0
1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 3 4
z z z z z z
z z z z z z z z
` `
) )
`
)
s s s >
> s > >
`
)
and
1 2 1 2
1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2
1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2
lo g lo g lo g lo g
, , a n d
x y x y
z z z z
o o o o
= = = =
( ) { }
( ) { }
( ) { }
1
1 0
2 2 2
( , ) = e x p 1 2
1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1
2
1 1 2 1
1
1
2 2 2 0
( , ) = e x p 1 2
1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
2
1 1 2 2
1
1
2 2 2 0
( , ) = e x p 1 2
1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1
2
1 2 2 1
K
f z z z z z z
K
f z z z z z z
K
f z z z z z z
o o
o o
o o
(
+ (
(
+ (
(
+
( ) { }
1
1 0
2 2 2
( , ) = e x p 1 2
1 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2
2
1 2 2 2
K
f z z z z z z
o o
(
(
(
(
+ (
( ) ( )
1
2
0 11 11 21 22
2
= 1 k o o o o
t
(
+ +
......( 1.2 )
Bivariate Bilognormal distribution with five parameters
1 2 11 21
, , , o o and
12 1 12 22 2 21
when and k k o o o o = = can be deduced from (1.2) as follows :
( , ) , ( , ) A }
1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1
( , ) , ( , ) A }
1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2
( , , , )
1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2
( , ) , ( , ) A }
1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 3
( , ) , ( , ) A }
1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 4
f z z z z
f z z z z
f z z z z
f z z z z
f z z z z
e
e
=
e
where
( ) { }
( )
0
0
1
1
2 2 2
( , ) e x p 1 2
1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1
2
1 1 2 1
2
1
1
2 2 2 1
( , ) e x p 1 2
2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2
2
1 1 2 2 1 2
0
( , )
3 1 2 2 1
1 1 1
K
f
K
f
K
f
z z z z z z
z
z z z z z
k k
z z
k
o o
o o
o
= +
= +
=
(
(
(
| |
(
|
`
| (
\ .
(
)
( )
( )
0
2
1
1
2 2 1 1 1 1
e x p 1 2
2 1 2 1
2
2 1 1 1
2 2
1
1
2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1
( , ) e x p 1 2 .
4 1 2 2 1
2
1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 2
K
f
k k k
z z
z z
k k
z z z z
z z
k k k
o
o o
= +
(
| |
(
|
`
| (
\ .
(
)
(
| | | |
(
| |
`
| | (
\ . \ .
(
)
Estimation of Parameters of Bivariate Bilognormal Distribution
www.ijmsi.org 35 | P a g e
( ) ( )
1
2
0 11 21 1 2
2
= 1 1 1 k k k o o
t
(
+ +
1 1 2 1
1 2 2 2
1 2
= , =
z z
z z
k k
.......( 1.3)
In section 2, we derive elementary properties of Bivariate Bilognormal distribution.
In section 3 & 4, we estimate the parameters by the method of moments and method of M.L.E. respectively.
II. ELEMENTARY PROPERTIES:-
The cumulative distribution function of the Bivariate Bilognormal distribution
BVBILN (
1
,
2
, o
11
, o
12
, o
21
, o
22
, ) is given by
( , ) , ( , ) A
1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1
( , ) , ( , ) A
2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2
( , , , )
1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2
( , ) , ( , ) A
3 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 3
( , ) , ( , ) A
4 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 4
F
F
F
F
F
z z z z
z z z z
z z z z
z z z z
z z z z
e
e
=
e
e
where
2
2
2 1 1 1
1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1
2
2 2 1 1
2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1
2 1 1 1 2 1 1 2
3 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2
2
4 1 2
( ) 4 ( )
1
( ) 2 ( ) + 4 C ( )
1
( ) 2 + 2 C ( 2 ( ) 1)
1 1
(
,
, -
,
,
F C
F C
F C
F
z z
z z z
z z
z z z
z z z z
z z z
z
o o
o o
o o o o o
o o
= u u
= u u
= u u u
| |
|
|
\ .
| |
|
|
\ .
| | | |
| |
| |
\ . \ .
( )
2
1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1
2 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1
2
) 2 ( ) 2 C 2 C
1 1
C
z z z z
z z
o o o o o o o
= u + u u
| | | |
| |
| |
\ . \ .
2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1
1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1
2 2
4 C ( ) + 4 C ( )
1 1
z z z z
z z
o o o o
| | | |
| | + u u u u
| |
\ . \ .
......
( 2.1 )
C
-1
= (o
11
+ o
12
) (o
21
+ o
22
) and u (.) denotes the cumulative distribution function of the standard normal
distribution. The cumulative distribution function of BVBILN (
1
,
2
, o
11
, o
21
, ) can be deduced from
(2.1) as follows :
1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1
2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2
1 1 2 1
3 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 3
4 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 4
( ) , ( ) A
( ) , ( ) A
( )
( ) , ( ) A
( ) , ( ) A
, ,
, ,
,
, ,
, ,
F
F
F
F
F
z z z z
z z z z
z z
z z z z
z z z z
e
e
=
e
e
........ ( 2.2 )
where
Estimation of Parameters of Bivariate Bilognormal Distribution
www.ijmsi.org 36 | P a g e
( )
2
2 1 1 1
1 1 1 2 1 1 1
2 1
1 1
2
2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1
2
1 1
2 1
2 1 1 1 1 1 1
3 1 2 2 1 1 1 2
2
1
4 1 2 2 1
*
2
*
* *
2
*
( ) 4
1
( ) 2 (1 ) 4
1
( ) 2 ( ) 4
1
( )
1
, ( )
,
, 1
,
F C
F C k C k
F C C
F
z
k
z z
z z z
z
z z z
z
z
z z z k
z z k k k
k
z z
= u u
= + u u
= u + u u
| |
|
|
\ .
| |
|
|
|
|
\ .
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
|
|
| \ .
\ .
|
\ .
( )
1 1
2 1
1 1 2 1 1
2 1 1 1
2 2
1 1 2 1
2 1 1 1
1 1 1 2
1 2 1 1
2 2
1
*
* *
*
2 (1 ) ( ) 2
1 1
4 4
1 1
C C
C C
z
z
z z k
k z k
z z
z z
z k k
k k z
k
= u u u
+ u u + u u
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
\ .
|
\ .
| | | |
| |
| |
| |
|
| | \ .
| |
\ . \ .
where
( ) ( )
1
1 1
* 1 2
k k
C
= + +
11 21
o o and u (.) denotes the cumulative distribution function of the
standard normal distribution.
Note that it is easy to simulate observations with density (1.1).
If we define z
1
and z
2
as standard normal variables & define
( )
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 1 1 2 2 1
2 1 1 2 2 2
1 1 2 2 2 1
1
w i t h p ro b ab i li t y
1
w i t h p ro b ab i li t y
2
w i t h p ro b ab i li t y
3
,
,
,
,
z z
e e
z z
e e
z z
z z
e e
e
o o
o o
o o
o
u
u
u
+
+
+
| |
|
\ .
| |
|
\ .
=
| |
|
\ .
1 2
1 2 2 2 2
w i t h p ro b ab i li t y
4
,
z z
e
o
u
+
| |
|
\ .
...(2.3)
where
Estimation of Parameters of Bivariate Bilognormal Distribution
www.ijmsi.org 37 | P a g e
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
1 1 2 1
1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2
1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2
1 2 2 1
1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2
1 2 2 2
1 2
1 1 2 1 2 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
P r o b lo g , lo g
1
1 1 2 2
P r o b lo g , lo g
2
P ro b lo g , lo g =
3
P ro b lo g , lo g
4
1 2
x y
x y
x y
x y
o o
u
o o o o
o o
u
o o o o
o o
u
o o o o
o o
u
o o o o
= s s =
+ +
= s > =
+ +
= > s
+ +
= > > =
+ +
........ (2.4)
then (x, y) has the BVBILN (
1
,
2
, o
11
, o
12
, o
21
, o
22
, ) distribution. Note that if we define (z
1
, z
2
) as
( )
2 2 1
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 1 1 2 2 1
1 1 1 2 2 2 1
1 1 1 1
w i t h p ro b ab i li t y
1
w i t h p ro b ab i li t y
2
w i t h p ro b ab i li
,
,
,
,
k
k
z z
e e
z z
e e
z z
z z
e e
o
o o
o o
o
u
u
+
+
| |
|
\ .
| |
|
\ .
=
| |
|
\ .
2 2 2 1
1 2
1 1 1 1
t y
3
w i t h p ro b ab i li t y
4
,
k
k
z z
e e
o
o
u
u
+
+
| |
|
\ .
where
( ) ( )
1
1 1
1
1 2
k k
u
= + + ,
( ) ( )
1
1 1
2
1 2 2
/ k k k
u
= + + ,
( ) ( )
1
1 1
3
1 2 1
/ k k k
u
= + + and
( ) ( )
1
1 1
4
1 2 1 2
/ k k k k
u
= + +
....... (2.5)
then (x, y) has the BVBILN (
1
,
2
, o
11
, o
21
, ) distribution.
The t
th
row moments of BVBILN (
1
,
2
, o
11
, o
21
, ) distribution about zero are given by
( )
'
0
r
E x
r
=
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
1
11
11 11 1
1
2 2 1 1 2 2
2
11
2 2
1
1
1
r
r r
e
e r k e k r
k
o o
o o
= u + u
`
+
)
........(2.6)
and
( )
'
0
t
E y
s
=
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
1
2
2
2 1
2 2
2 2
2 1 2 1
2
2
2
1
2 1 2
1
1
2
s
e
e e
k
k
s s k
s k s
o
o o
o = u + u
+
`
)
....(2.7)
The moments of (log x, log y) about (
1
,
2
) are given by
Estimation of Parameters of Bivariate Bilognormal Distribution
www.ijmsi.org 38 | P a g e
( )
( )
( )
( )
{ } 1
1
2
1
0
1 1 *
1
1
2
2
lo g 1
1
r
r
r
r
r r
r
E x
k
k
t
o
+
+
I
= = +
+
| |
|
\ .
....(2.8)
( )
( )
( )
( )
{ } 2
2
0
2
*
2 1
2
1
1
2
2
lo g 1
1
s
s
s
s
s
r
E y
k
s
k
t
o
+
+
I
= = +
+
| |
|
\ .
....(2.9)
Putting r = 1, 2, 3,. in (2.8) and (2.9) we get
( ) ( )
1 1 1 1
*
1 0
2
= E lo g - = 1 , x k o
t
( ) ( )
2
1 1 1
2
11
* 2
20
= E log - = 1 x k k o +
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1
3
1
3
1 1
* 2
3 0
2
= E lo g - = 2 1 1 x k k
t
o +
( ) ( )
2 2 1 2 0 1
2
= E lo g = 1 * y k o
t
( ) ( )
2
2
2
02 21 2 2
2
= E log - = 1 * x k k o +
( ) ( ) ( )
3 3
0 3 2 2 1 2 2
2
2
= E lo g - = 2 1 1 * y k k
t
o +
The central moments of log x and log y of order two and three are given by
( )
2
* *
2 0 1 0
2 0
=
( )
2
1 1
1
1
2
2
(1 )
1 ( )
k
k
t
o
= +
* * * *3
3 2
3 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 1 0
= +
( ) ( )
( )
3
1
1 1
1
2
1
2 4
1 ( 1) 1
1
k k
k k
t
o
t
= +
(
(
and
( )
2
0 1
* *
0 2 0 2
=
( )
2
2 1
2
2
2
2
1
( 1)
k
k
t
o = +
(
(
* * * *3
3 2
0 3 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 1
= +
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2
3
2 1
2 4
1 1 1 k k k k
t t
o = +
(
(
III. ESTIMATION BY THE METHOD OF MOMENTS:-
It is difficult to obtain the estimators of the parameters
1
,
2
, o
11
, o
21
, and using the row moments
of (x, y) given in (2.6) and (2.7). If o
11
, o
21
, and are known, then the estimators of
1
,
2
, based on
moments of (x, y) are given by:
Estimation of Parameters of Bivariate Bilognormal Distribution
www.ijmsi.org 39 | P a g e
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 0
1
1 1
2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 +
= lo g
2 1
k
k m
e k e k
o o
o o
'
`
u + u
`
) )
........(3.1)
and
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2 0 1
2
2 1 2 2 1
2
2 1
2 2
2 2 1
1
2
2
1 +
= lo g
2 1
1
2
k m
e e
k
k k
o
o
o
o
'
u + u
`
`
) )
..........(3.2)
where
1 0
1
1
=
n
n
i
i
m x
=
'
0 1
1
1
a n d =
n
n
i
i
m y
=
'
However these estimators are found to be less efficient then the estimators based on the moments of
(Log x, Log y), namely.
2
= - ( 1)
1 10 11 1
m k o
t
and
2
= - ( 1)
2 01 21 2
m k o
t
..........(3.3)
where
1 0
1
1
= lo g
n
n
i
i
m x
=
n
0 1
i = 1
1
a n d = lo g
n
i
m y
It can be observed that
( )
1 2
, is not satisfactory when ,
12 11 22 21
o o o o >> >> . Hence to estimate the
parameters
1
,
2
, o
11
, o
21
, and the following method is adopted. Denote the sample mean of (log x
i
,
log y
i
) (i = 1,2,3,4........n) by (
1 0
m ,
0 1
m ) and central sample moments of order two and three by (
2 0
m ,
0 2
m )
and (
3 0
m ,
0 3
m ) respectively. Then the moment estimates satisfy the equations:-
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
= + ( 1)
1 0 1 1 1 1
2
= + ( 1)
1 0 2 2 1 2
2 2
2 2
= 1 1 +
2 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2
2 2
= 1 1 +
0 2 2 1 2 2 2 1
2 2 4
3
= ( 1) 1 1 +
3 0 1 1 1 1 1
3 2 2 4
= ( 1) 1 1 +
0 3 2 1 2 2 2
m k
m k
m k k
m k k
m k k k
m k k k
o
t
o
t
o o
t
o o
t
o
t t
o
t t
| |
|
\ .
| |
|
\ .
| | | |
| |
\ . \ .
|
| |
|
\ . \
|
|
|
.
Estimation of Parameters of Bivariate Bilognormal Distribution
www.ijmsi.org 40 | P a g e
The above equations are solved by the procedure given by John(1982) subject to the conditions.
3 1
2 2
3 3
2 2
3
2
3 0 2 0 0 3 0 2
1
2
= < 1 1 & = < 1 1
2 2 2 2
m m m m
t t t t
| | | | | | | |
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .
The moment estimators are given by
2
2
= B , B = 1
1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1
2
= B , B = 1
2 0 1 2 2 2 1 2
2
2
B B 4 B B 4
1 1 1 2 2
= , =
1 1 2 1 2 2
m k
m k
C C
t
t
o
o
o o
| |
|
|
\ .
| |
|
\ .
+ + + +
and
2 2
B 4 B B 4 B
1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2
= , =
1 2 2 2
2 2
2 2
= + B 4 B 4
1 2 1 1 2 2
2 2
= , =
1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1
C C
B B C C
C k C k o o
o o
+ +
+ +
IV. ESTIMATION BY THE METHOD OF M.L.E:-
Let (x
[1:n]
, y
[1:n]
), (x
[1:n]
, y
[2:n]
),...,(x
[n:n]
, y
[n:n]
) be a random sample of concomitant ordered paired
observations of size n from BVBILN (
1
,
2
, o
11
, o
21
, ). The likelihood function is given by
Log L = Const. - n(logo
11
+ logo
21
+ 1/2log(1 -
2
))
( )
( ) 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1
1 2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1
1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1
2
1 1 2
1
2 2 2
3 4
2 1
2
2 1
2
2
2 2 1
2 2
2 (1 )
z
k
z
z z z z z
z z z z z z
z z z
k k k
k k k
+ + + + + +
| | | |
| |
+ | |
|
| |
\ .
\ . \ .
..(4.1)
where Const. =
( ) ( )
4
2
lo g lo g 1 lo g 1 lo g lo g
1 2
1
n k k x y
i i i
t
| |
| |
+ + +
| `
|
\ .
= \ .
)
,
Z
11
=
1 2
2 1
1 1 2 1
(lo g ) (lo g )
an d Z
x x
o o
= Note that , , ,
2 3 4 I
denotes the summation over all
observations such that the conditions (i) log x s
1
, log y s
2
(ii) log x s
1
, log y >
2
, (iii) log x >
1
, log
y s
2
and (iv) log x >
1
, log y >
2
are satisfied by the n concomitant ordered paired observations
respectively. The likelihood equations are given by
( )
lo g 1
2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1
0 0
1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2
1 2 3 4
1 1 1 2 1 2
1 1 1
Z Z Z Z Z
L
Z Z Z
k k k
k k k
o
| | | |
| |
c
| |
| = + + + =
`
| | | c
\ .
\ . \ . )
....(4.2)
( )
lo g 1
2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1
0 0
2 1 1 1 2 1 2 2
1 2 3 4
2 2 1 2 1 2
2 1 2
Z Z Z Z Z
L
Z Z Z
k k k
k k k
o
| | | | | |
c
| | |
= + + + =
`
| | | c
\ . \ . \ . )
....(4.3)
Estimation of Parameters of Bivariate Bilognormal Distribution
www.ijmsi.org 41 | P a g e
Solving (4.2) and (4.3) for
1
and
2
we get
( ) ( )
2
lo g lo g lo g lo g
1
1 2 3 4 ^
1
2
1 1 2 3 4
x x x x
k
r r r r
k
| | | |
+ + +
| |
\ . \ .
=
+ + +
...(4.4)
and
( ) ( )
2
lo g lo g lo g lo g
2
1 3 2 4 ^
2
2
2 1 3 2 4
y y y y
k
r r r r
k
| | | |
+ + +
| |
\ . \ .
=
+ + +
.(4.5)
where r
1
, r
2
, r
3
and r
4
are the numbers of paired ordered observations satisfied the conditions (i) logx s
1
,
logy s
2
, (ii) logx s
1
, logy >
2
, (iii) logx >
1
, logy s
2
, and (iv) logx >
1
, logy >
2
respectively with
4
1
r n
i
i
=
=
. Further by differentiating (4.1) with respect to o
11
, o
21
and and equating them to zero and
solving them simultaneously we get
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2
lo g lo g lo g lo g
1 1 1 1 1
2
1 2 3 4
^
2
1 1
1
x x x x
k
n
k
o
(
+ + +
( ` `
( ) )
=
(
(
(
....(4.6)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2
lo g lo g lo g lo g
2 2 2 2
2
1 3 2 4
^
2
2 1
2
y y y y
k
n
k
o
(
+ + +
( ` `
( ) )
=
(
(
(
....(4.7)
and
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2
1
^ ^
1 2 11 21
2 3 4
^
log lo g lo g lo g lo g lo g log lo g k k x y k x y k x y x y
n k k
o o
+ + +
=
.(4.8)
REFERENCES
[1]. Garvin, J. S. and McClean, S.L.(1997). Convolution and sampling theory of the binormal distribution as a prerequisite to its
application in statistical process control. The Statistician, 46, No. 1, pp 33-47.
[2]. H.N. Nagaraja (2005). Function of Conconitants of order statistics - ISPS Vol. 7, 16-32.
[3]. John, S. (1982). The three-parameter two-piece normal family of distribution and its fitting. Commun. Statist. Theor and
Meth, 11, 879-885.
[4]. Kimber, A.C. (1985) Methods for the two-piece normal distribution. Commun. Statist. Theor. And Meth, 14(1), 235-245.
[5]. S. P. Nabar and S. C. Deshmukh. (2002) On Estimation of Parameters of Bilognormal Distribution. Journal of the Indian
Statistical Association Vol. 40, 1, 2002, 59-70.
[6]. S.P. Nabar & S.P.Parpande (2001) A note on the maximum likelihood estimator of the binormal distribution BIN (o, , o).