Urban Decay

Architecture and Town

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1 Engr. Mansoor Khan
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Urban Decay

Urban decay (also known as urban

rot and urban blight is the !rocess
whereby a !re"iously #unctioning city$
or !art o# a city$ #alls into disre!air and
decaying worse conditions.
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'hy Urban decay

Urban decay (ay as a result o#

deindustriali)ation$ de!o!ulation or
changing !o!ulation$
econo(ic restructuring$ abandoned
buildings$ high local une(!loy(ent.
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Deindustriali)ation

Deindustrialization is a !rocess o#
social and econo(ic change caused
by the re(o"al or reduction o#
industrial ca!acity or acti"ity in a
country or region$ es!ecially hea"y
industry or (anu#acturing industry. +t is
an o!!osite o# industriali)ation
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de/industriali)ation

The ter( de-industrialization has been used to

describe the decline o# labor intensi"e industry in a
nu(ber o# countries and the #light o# 0obs away #ro(
cities. 1ne e2a(!le is labor intensi"e (anu#acturing.

A#ter #ree/trade agree(ents were instituted with less

de"elo!ed nations in the 13.4s and 1334s$ labor
intensi"e (anu#acturers relocated !roduction #acilities
to third world countries with (uch lower wages and
lower standards. +n addition$ technological in"entions
that re5uired less (anual labor eli(inated (any
(anu#acturing 0obs.
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de!o!ulation

+t is a ter( usually used to describe any

great reduction in a hu(an !o!ulation.

+t can be used to re#er to long/ter(

de(ogra!hic trends$ as in urban decay or
rural #light$ but it is also co((only e(!loyed
to describe large reductions in !o!ulation
due to "iolence$ disease$ or other
catastro!hes.
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Econo(ic restructuring

Economic restructuring re#ers to the

!heno(enon o# 'estern urban areas
shi#ting #ro( a (anu#acturing to a
ser"ice sector econo(ic base.

As cities e2!erience a loss o# (anu#acturing

0obs and growth o# ser"ices$ a widening o#
the social hierarchy occurs where high/le"el$
high/inco(e$ salaried !ro#essional 0obs
e2!ands in the ser"ice industries alongside
a greater incidence o# low/wage$ low/skilled
0obs$ usually #illed by i((igrants and
(inorities
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A rise in Une(!loy(ent leads to urban
decay
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6hi#t in econo(y and !olicies

6ince the 13-4s and 13.4s$ urban

decay has been associated with
'estern cities$ es!ecially in
7orth A(erica and !arts o# Euro!e.
6ince then$ (a0or structural changes
in global econo(ies$ trans!ortation$
and go"ern(ent !olicy created the
econo(ic and then the social
conditions resulting in urban decay
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Urban Renewal
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Definition
The process where an urban neighborhood or area
is improved and rehabilitated.

Urban renewal is a program of land redevelopment

in areas of moderate to high density urban land
use.

Following World War II, and continuing into the

early !"#s, $urban renewal% referred primarily to
public efforts to regenerate the urban sector.
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&n '(ample of )heffield the super tram*
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Definition +,ontd-*

& continuous process of remodeling older parts of

urban areas, including their central business areas
by means of rehabilitation and conservation as well
as redevelopment.

The displacement of an e(isting low.income

population, creating space for more profitable
office, commercial and lu(ury residential
development or the provision of transport facilities.
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Urban renewal +/ra0il*
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)cope1 Tas2s involved

Urban renewal may involve

relocation of businesses.

massive demolition of structures.

slum clearance and rehabilitation.

the relocation of people, and

necessary changes in the local and state

legislation.
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3urpose

Urban renewal is usually undergone for the

purposes of persuading wealthier individuals to
come live in that area.

Urban renewal is often part of the gentrification

process.

Gentrify: to change an area making it suitable for living
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4rigin of Urban Renewal

Term $Urban Renewal% is &merican in

origin.

'merged in the late !5#s +post.war*

as an attempt to revitali0e central
cities.
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Planning
Engr. Mansoor Khan
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Underlying ,oncept

Urban Renewal programs are generally

underta2en by public authorities or by local
governments.

The emphasis is on those parts which have

fallen below current standards of public
acceptability. These are commonly to be found
in6

The residential parts of the inner city,

In the central business district itself.

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Engr. Mansoor Khan
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Indicators6 When to Ta2e
Decision-7

Indicators for residential parts of inner cities

are6

Inade8uate housing,

'nvironmental degradation,

3resence of non.conforming uses.

Indicators for central business district are6

Traffic problems,

,ongestion,

)ubstandard buildings.
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&pproaches6 9ow to Tac2le the
3roblem-7

)lum ,learance

Demolition of substandard dwellings located

in a slum +an area of sub.standard,
overcrowded housing occupied by the poor
immigrants*.

Redevelopment

The demolition of an e(isting building and its

replacement by a new building.

Rehabilitation

The repair and improvement of e(isting

structurally sound property.
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)lum clearance
2. Architecture and Town
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)lum redevelopment pro:ect
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)lum rehabilitation
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&pproaches +,ontd-*

9ousing Improvement

Improvements of dwellings by provision of

essential basic amenities.

'nvironmental Improvements

;ain emphasis is to improve environmental

conditions.

'conomic Renewal

Improvement of economic conditions of

dwellers.
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9ousing improvement
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9ousing improvement
%& Architecture and Town
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9ousing improvement
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'nvironmental improvement
%, Architecture and Town
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'conomic renewal
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Industrial estates and jobs

<ew industrial
estates with enough
labour residence
capacity having
water, sewerage
and electricity
should be provided.
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Trans!ort8an i(!ortant sector
Transport:
Transport facilities need to be improved to improve
living conditions
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Urban 9enewal Pro0ects

:ollowing !ro0ects #all under Urban

9enewal;

9ede"elo!(ent !ro0ects.

Econo(ic de"elo!(ent strategies.

<ousing loans and other #inancial tools.

6treet i(!ro"e(ents.

Trans!ortation enhance(ent.

<istoric !reser"ation !ro0ects.

Parks and o!en s!aces.

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A =ideo o# >raha( ?oung@s
Aecture

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Thanks8
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Gadastral (a!!ing
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Gadastral (a!!ing
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