1. A. What is the prerequisite of primary standard solution.

Answer: a. Chemical compound must pure.

b. the chemical reaction must quickly and stoichiometry.
c. the temperature must stable in room temperature.
d. must have big weight ekuivalen.
B. explain the method that can be used to determine the end point in titration.
Answer : a. Used near data with end point in titration
b. used curve graph of titration
c. used visual (eyes)
C. explain how to prepare 500 mL of 0.1 M KHP.
Answer : M =

0.1 M =

x



Mass =

Mass = 10.21 gram
After that, 10.21 gram KHP mixed or soluted with aquades.
D. explain how to prepare 250 mL of 0.1 M NaOH.
Answer : M =

0.1 M =

x



Mass =

Mass = 1.00125 gram
After that, 1.00125 gram NaOH mixed or soluted with aquades.
2. A. Explain types of titration and the reason to chose each of them in
applications.
Answer :
1) Direct Titration
Is an analyte is directly reacted with the EDTA in buffer condition
(specific pH). The pH of the solution has to be maintained constant to
produce specific colour of indicator
2) Back Titration
The titration is conducted by the addition of excess EDTA tom assure
that all ions in the sample is reacted with EDTA.
The excess EDTA is then tritrated back with standard solution



Back titration is needed if:
of EDTA in the solution



3) Replacement Titration
Replacement titration is conducted by the addition of metal-complex,
where the a target ion will replace an ion in the metal-complex,
followed by titration with EDTA standard. Replacement titration is
conducted: if a suitable indicator is not available for ion determination

4) Indirect Titration
Indirect titration is conducted when the metal ion will pecipitate with an
anion (in anion determination)


B. A sample of 1 gram supplement tablet contains iron is pretreated in
acid, followed by addition the excess KI solution yield iodine. The
iodine is then titrated with thiosulphate, and the end point is obtained
after the addition of 20.20 ml Na
2
S
2
O
3
0.1 M. Calculate the weight of
iron in the supplement tablet ( Fe = 55.8)
Answer :

Equation reaction stoichiometry to ferro reaction titration
with tiosulphate indirectly through iodium is :
2Fe
3+
(analyte)
+ 2I
-
2Fe
2+
+ I
2

I
2
+ 2S
2
O
3
2-

(pentiter)

2I
-
+ S
4
O
6
2-


Mmole I
2
= mmole S
2
O
3
2-

Mmole Fe
2+
= I
2

Fe
3+
= mmole S
2
O
3
2- -

= (20.2ml)(0.1M) (1/2)(2/1)
= 2.02 mmole

So, Weight of Fe = mmole Fe x WM Fe
= 2.02 mmole x 55.8 mg/mmole
= 112.716 mg


C. Milk sample 10mg is dissolved in 25ml water , followed by addition
of 1ml 1 M NaOH , 50ml 0.1 M EDTA standard, and indicator hydroxy
naphtol blue. Excess of EDTA is then titrated back with standard
Ca
2+
(CaCO
3
0.1 M) and the end point is obtained after the addition of
25.5ml Ca
2+
standard. Calculate the concentration of calcium in milk
sample.


Answer : Ionic reaction equation of determining Ca
2+
is :
Na
+
+ EDTA NaY
3-
EDTA + Ca
2+
CaY
2-

To know how many Ca
2+
we have to calculate some by following
1. Initial EDTA = 50 ml x 0.1 M = 5 mmol EDTA
2. Final EDTA = 25.5 ml x 0.1 mol = 2.55 mmol
3. React EDTA = initial final = 5 mmol 2.55 mmol = 2.45 mmol
From stochiometry we can conclude :
CaCO
3
= CaY
2-
= quantity of Ca
2+
x (1/1)
= 2.45 mmol
Mass CaCO
3
= 2.45 mmol x 100 mg/mmol
= 245 mg
Mass Ca
2+
= (Ar Ca / Mr CaCO
3
) x 245 mg
= (40/100) x 245 mg
= 98 mg
[Ca
2+
]

= 9.8 M
% Ca
2+
= (9.8/10) x 100 %
= 98 %

3. A. When 5 ml HCl is added
[OH
-
] =(

)(NaOH)(

)
= (

)(0.2 M)(

)
= (0.8)(0.2)(0.833)
= 0.13328 M

[OH
-
] =

= 7.503 x 10
-14


pH = -log[H
+
]
= -log 7.503 x 10
-14

= 14 log 7.503
= 14 0.8752
= 13.1248

When EP = 25 ml
H
2
O H
+
+ OH
-

(X) (X)

Kw = x
2

x
2
= 1 x 10
-14

x = 1 x 10
-14

x = 1 x 10
-7


pH = -log [H
+
]
= -log 1 x 10
-7

= 7

When added 30 ml HCl
H
+
= (0.2 M)(

)
= (0.2)(0.09)
= 0.018

pH = -log 0.018
= -log 18 x 10
-3

= -log 1.8 x 10
-2

= 2 log 1.8
= 2- 0.255
= 1.745

B. When 20 ml KOH is added
HA + OH
-

A
-
+ H
2
O
Before (1) (

) (0)
After (

) (0) (

)


pH = pKa + log (

)
= 6.15 + log


)
= 6.15 + log

= 6.15 + (-0.18)
= 5.97