CHAPTER 4 : STATISTICS II

4.2) MEASURE OF CENTRAL TENDENCY

4.2A) MODE

b) Enrolment of 2300 students

Chinese
54o
216o
Malay

Mode is the value that occurs with the highest

frequency.
Indian
Example 1:
Find the mode of the following sets of data.
a) 2, 5, 4, 6, 7, 6, 3, 5, 6
2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 7
Mode = 6
Highest frequency = 3

EXERCISE

b) K, P, L, M, P, N
K, L, M, N, P, P
Mode = P
Highest frequency = 2
Example 2:
Find the mode of the data from the following
frequency table.
a)
Score
1
2
3
4
5
Frequenc
4
3
1
2
3
y
Highest frequency = 4
Mode = 1
b)
Age(years)
Frequency

7
4

8
7

9
3

Mode = Malay
Frequency of mode = 216o x 2300
54o
= 1380 students

10
8

11
5

12
9

Highest frequency = 9
Mode = 12
Example 3:
Find the mode and its frequency from each of the
following data representations.
a) The three favourite subjects of a group of students
History

Science

English

represents 8 students
Mode = Science
Frequency of mode = 5 x 8
= 40 students

Median is the 21st score

Therefore, the median score = 3

4.2B) MEDIAN
1. The median for set of data is the value in the
middle of the set after the data are arranged in
ascending order ( from the smallest to the largest
value).
2. If the total number of data in a set of data is an
odd number, the median for the set of data is the
number in the middle.
3. If the total number of data in a set of data is an
even number, the median for that set of data is
mean (average) of the two numbers in the middle.
Example 1:
Determine the median for the following sets of data
a) 4, 2, 7, 1, 5, 2, 3

the middle number

Median = 3
b) 7, 14, 6, 12, 8, 10, 8, 9
Arrange the set of data in ascending order.
6, 7, 8, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14 number of data =8(even)
two middle numbers
the median is the mean of the
two middle numbers

= 8.5
Example 2:
Find the median of data in the following frequency
tables.
a)
Score
1
2
3
4
5
Frequency
11
8
4
12
6
Solution :
Score
Frequency
Position

1
11
1-11

2
8
12-19

3
4
20-23

4
12
24-35

Total frequency = 11 + 8 + 4 + 12 + 6
= 41 (odd)
Median = n + 1
2

Solution:
Age(years)
Frequency
Position

Median = 41 + 1 = 21
2

5
6
36-41

7
4

8
7

9
3

10
8

11
5

12
9

7
4

8
7

9
3

10
8

11
5

12
9

1-4

5-11

12-14

15-22

23-27

28-36

Total frequency = 4 + 7 + 3 + 8 + 5 + 9
= 36 (even)
Median is the mean of the 18th and 19th values
Therefore, median = 10 + 10
2
= 10
EXERCISE

Arrange the set of data in ascending order.

1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7
number of data =7(odd)

Median = 8 + 9
2

b)
Age(years)
Frequency

marks
4.2C) MEAN

Mean for marks obtained in the Mathematics quiz

= Sum of (frequency X marks)
Total frequency
= 5 + 12 + 6 + 12 + 30 + 24 + 35 + 24 + 36 + 20
40
= 204
40
= 5.1

1. The mean of a set of data ;

Mean = Sum of values of data
Numbers of data

Example 3 :
The mean for marks obtained by Suzie in a monthly
test for four subjects is 68. Calculate the new mean if
a) the mark of one subjects is reduced by 12 marks
b) Suzie received 78 and 88 marks for another 2
subjects.

2. The mean of data given in frequency table;

Mean = Sum of (frequency X values)
Total frequency

Solution:
The original mean for the four subjects = 68
The original total marks = 68 x 4
= 272
Example 1:
Find the mean of the following set of data:
87, 36, 53, 74, 95, 66

a) The new total marks = 272 - 12

= 260
New mean = Sum of new data values
Number of new data
= 260
4
= 65

Solution :
Number of data = 6
Mean = Sum of values of data
Numbers of data
= 87 + 36 + 53 + 74 + 95 + 66
6
= 411
6
= 68.5
Example 2:
The following table shows the marks obtained by 40
participants in a Mathematics quiz.
Marks
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Frequenc
5 6 2 3 6 4 5 3 4 2
y
Calculate the mean for marks obtained in the Mathematics
quiz.
Solution :
Marks
Frequenc
y
Frequenc
y
X

1
5

2
6

3
2

4
3

5
6

6
4

7
5

8
3

9
4

10
2

1
2

1
2

3
0

2
4

3
5

2
4

3
6

20

b) New total marks = 272 + 78 + 88

= 438
New number of subjects = 4 + 2
=6
New mean = 438
6
MATH TIP
When there are changes in the
= 73
number and value of data, the
mean will also be changed

New mean
= Sum of new values of data
Number of new data

EXERCISE