BEKP 3673- Power System Analysis, Sem 2, 2013/2014

Assignment 2
Lecturer : Khairul Anwar Ibrahim
Symmetrical Fault


Figure 1

1) In the circuit in Figure 1, V=4kV volts, X=2 , R=1 , and the circuit operates at 60Hz.
Determine:

(a) the rms symmetrical fault current;
(b) the rms asymmetrical fault current at the instant the switch closes, assuming maximum dc offset
(c) the rms asymmetrical fault current 5 cycles after the switch closes, assuming maximum dc offset
(d) the dc offset as a function of time if the switch closes when the instantaneous
source voltage is 300 volts.

2) A three-phase, 60-Hz synchronous machine is driven at constant synchronous speed by a prime
mover. The armature windings are initially open-circuited and field voltage is adjusted so that the
armature terminal voltage is at the rated value (i.e., 1.0 per unit).Then, it was short circuited. The
machine has the following per unit reactances and time constants:



(a) Determine the steady state, transient, and subtransient short circuit currents.
(b) Obtain and plot the fundamental-frequency waveform of the armature current for a three-phase
short circuit at the terminals of the generator. Assume the short circuit is applied at the instant
when the rotor direct axis is along the magnetic axis of phase a, i.e. = 0.






Balanced fault



Figure 2

3) In the system shown in Figure 2 above, a three-phase short circuit occurs at point F. Assume that
prefault currents are zero and that the generators are operating at rated voltage. Determine the
fault current.


Figure 3

4) The one-line diagram of a simple three-bus power system is shown in Figure 3. Each generator is
represented by an emf behind the subtransient reactance. All impedances are expressed in per unit
on a common MVA base. All resistances and shunt capacitances are neglected. The generators are
operating on no load at their rated voltage with their emfs in phase. A three-phase fault occurs at
bus 3 through a fault impedance of Zf = j0.19 per unit.

(a) Using Thevenins theorem obtain the impedance to the point of fault and the fault current in
per unit.
(b) Determine the bus voltages and line currents during fault.


5) The per unit bus impedance matrix for a power system is given by :.


(a) A bolted three-phase fault occurs at bus 4. Using the bus impedance matrix calculate the fault current,
bus voltages, and line currents during fault.
(b) Repeat part (a) for a three-phase fault at bus 2 with a fault impedance of Zf =j0.0225.


Symmetrical Components & unbalance fault


6) Answer the following:

a) Obtain the symmetrical components for the set of unbalanced voltages Va =300 120
o
,
Vb = 200 90
o
, and Vc = 100 -30
o


b) The symmetrical components of a set of unbalanced three-phase currents are as follows:

Obtain the original unbalanced phasors.


7) The diagram for the power system shown below, in per unit on a common base.


impedance diagram


Positive sequence impedance

Obtain the Thevenin sequence impedances for the fault at bus 1 and compute the fault current in
per unit for the following faults:

(a) A bolted three-phase fault at bus 1.
(b) A bolted single line-to-ground fault at bus 1.
(c) A bolted line-to-line fault at bus 1.
(d) A bolted double line-to-ground fault at bus 1.

Stability


8) A three-phase, 60-Hz, 500-MVA, 11.8-kV, 4-pole steam turbine-generating unit has an H =6 p.u.
Determine:

a) Electrical & mechanical radial frequency
b) The kinetic energy in joules stored in the rotating masses at synchronous speed, Wk;
c) The mechanical angular acceleration and electrical angular acceleration if the unit is operating
at synchronous speed with an accelerating power of 500 MW.
d) The moment of inertia, J, of the generator
e) Lets say this generator is initially operating at Pm= Pe=0.7 pu, operating at synchronous speed
at a power angle , =12
o
. Suddenly, a fault occur and automatically reduces the generator
electrical power output by 60%. Determine the power angle five cycles after the fault
commences. Assume that the accelerating power remains constant during the fault. Also
assume that (t)=1 in the swing equation.



9) Consider a synchronous generator , having Xd=0.2p.u and negligible armature resistance. The
machine is connected directly to an infinite bus of voltage 1.0 p.u. The generator is delivering a
real power of P=0.7 p.u at 0.9 pf lagging. Determine:

a) The voltage behind the transient reactance, Eg
b) The power-angle equation, neglecting saliency.
c) With proper label, sketch the power angle curve of the generator.


10) A generator having H = 5.0MJ/MVA is delivering power of 1.0p.u to an infinite bus through a
purely reactive network when the occurrence of a fault reduces the generator output to zero. The
maximum power that could be delivered is 2.5p.u. When the fault is cleared, the original network
condition again exist. Determine the critical clearing angle and critical clearing time.