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( )
F(x) =
, (2,4)
F(x) = 2x
Mtg= f (2) = 2(2) = 4
Y 4 = 4 (x-2)
Y= 4x 8+4
Y= 4x - 4
f(1.9)=4(1.9) 4 = 3.6
f(1.99)= 4(1.99) - 4 = 3.96
f(2)=4(2) 4 = 4
f(2.01) = 4(2.01) 4 = 4.04
f(2.1) = 4(2.1) 4 = 4.4
1.9 1.99 2 2.01 2.1
() 3.61 3.9601 4 4.0401 4.41
() 3.6 3.96 4 4.04 4.40
3)()
(
F(x) =
, (2,32)
F(x) = 5
Mtg = f (2) = 5()
= 80
Y - 32 = 80(x 2)
Y = 80x 160 + 32
Y = 80x 128
f(1.9) = 80(1.9) 128 = 24
f(1.99) = 80(1.99) 128 = 31.2
f(2) = 80(2) -128 = 32
f(2.01) = 80(2.01) 128 = 32.8
f(2.1) = 80(2.1) 128 = 40
1.9 1.99 2 2.01 2.1
() 24.79099 31.2079 32 32.8080 40.8410
() 24 31.2 32 32.8 40.0
5)() ( )
F(x)= cos(x)
y-sen(2) = cos(x)(x-2)
y = cos(x)(x-2)+sen(x)
f(1.9) = cos(1.9)(1.9-2) + sen(2) = 0.94
f(1.99) = cos(1.99)(1.99-2) + sen(2) = 0.913
f(2) = cos(2)(2-2) + sen(2) = 0.909
f(2.01) = cos(2.01)(2.01-2) + sen(2) = 0.905
f(2.1) = cos(2.1)(2.1-2) + sen(2) = 0.858
1.9 1.99 2 2.01 2.1
() 0.94 0.91 0.909 0.905 0.863
() 0.951 0.913 0.909 0.905 0.868
Evaluar y comparar y
7)
( ) () () ()
()
()
()
( )
9)
( ) () () ()
()
[() ]
()
( )
Determinar la diferencial de la funcin indicada.
11)
dy = 6x dx
13)
dy =
()()()()
()
()
()
15)
dy=
=
(
17)
= 2 -2[] cotx
[ (
]
dy= [2 + 2cotx +
]
19)
[ (
)
dy = -sin (
) dx
Emplear diferenciales y grafica de f para aproximar a) f(1.9) y b) f(2.04).
21)
dy= mtg=
f(1.9)= f(2)+dy f(2.04) =f(2)+dy
=f(2)+f(2)dx =f(2)+f(2)dx
=f(2)+f(2)(1.9-2) =f(2)+f(2)(2.04-2)
=1+(1) (-0.1) =1+(1) (0.04)
=.09 =1.04
23) dy= mtg=
f(1.9)= f(2)+dy
=f(2)+f(2)dx
=f(2)+f(2)(1.9-2)
=1+(-1/2) (-0.1)
=1.05
f(2.04) =f(2)+dy
=f(2)+f(2)dx
=f(2)+f(2)(2.04-2)
=1+(-1/2) (0.04)
=.98
Utilizando diferenciales y graficas de g para aproximar a) g (2.93) y b) g(3.1)
dado que g(3) =8
25)
dy=g(x)dx. g(3)=8
=g(3)-1/2
dx=2.93-3=-0.07
dy=-1/2(-0.07)=0.035 g(2.93)=8+0.035
dx3.1-3=0.1
dy=-1/2(0.1)=-0.05 g(3.1)=8-0.05
27) rea. Se encuentra que la medicin del lado de un cuadrado es igual a 12
pulgadas, con un posible error de 1/64 de pulgada. Usar diferenciales para
aproximar el posible error propagado en el clculo del rea del cuadrado.
L=12
dL= 1/64
A=L
2
A(L)= L
2
(A)
1
L=2L
dA=2LdL
dA=2(12)(1/64) =13/8
error posible:
A(L)=12
2
3/8
=1440.37
29) rea. Se mide el radio del extremo de un tronco y se encuentra que es
igual a 14 pulgadas, con un posible error de de pulgada. Utilizando
diferenciales para aproximar el posible error propagado en el rea del extremo
del tronco.
dr=1/4
A=r
2
dA=2dr
dA=2(14)1/4
=7pulgadas
2
error posible:
A(L)=A dA
A(L)=r
2
dA
A(L)=(14)
2
7
=1967
31) rea. La medicin de lado de un cuadrado produce un valor igual a 15 cm,
con un posible error de 0.05 cm.
a) aproximar el error porcentual en el clculo del rea del cuadrado
dL=0.05cm
L=15cm
A(L)=L
2
dA%=?
AT=15
2
=225
dA=A(L)dL
=(2L)dL
=[2(15)][0.05]
=30(0.05) = 1.5
AT-100% 225-100
dA-dA? 1.5-? dA=2/3%
b) estimar el mxima error porcentual permisible en la medicin del lado
si el error en el clculo del rea no fue mayor a 2.5%
dL=?
dA=25%
dA=5.625
2L=30
dL=?
dA=2LdL
5.625=30dL
5.625/30=dL
=.1875
dL=1.875(100)/15 =1.25%
1.2 Integral de monomios algebraicos
4.-
6.-
8.-
+ c=
+ c
10.-
12.-
14.-
16.
18.-
20.-
22.-
24.-
26.-
28.-
30.-
32.-
34.-
36.-
+ c
38.-
()()
40.-
+ c
1.3 Integrales que conducen a logaritmo natural
1.-
||
2.-
Sabemos que la integral de
es = || por lo que:
||
3.-
||
4.-
||
5.-
||
6.-
) ()
|| ||
7.-
||
8.-
||
Casos especiales de integrales que conducen a logaritmo natural
1.-
| |
2.-
Sustituye
por u
|
3.-
Sustituye = u y -3dx por du
La integral de
es ln (u)
||
Sustituye otra vez para dejarlos como estaban antes
| |
4.-
Sustituye 9x+1 por u y 9dx por du
Sustituye de nuevo u para que estn como al principio
| |
5.-
Sustituye
Sustituye de nuevo como estaban antes
|
6.-
7.-
()
|
1.5 INTEGRALES DE LA POTENCIA DE UNA SUMA
2- ( )
()
()
u=a-bx
du=-bdx
4- (
) (
u=5+3
du=6xdx
6- (
) (
u=a-
du=-2xdx
8- (
( )
(
()
( )
u=a+bt
()
du=bdt
10- (
()
( )(
(
(
u=
du=2s+3ds
Caso I
2-(
(
(
(
u=7
du=14x
4-(
(
(
u=2+
du=2x
6- (
) (
) ( )
8- ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
10-(
(
(
=
u=
du=-4du
12- (
)
u=
du=2xdx
14- (
) (
(
(
)
u=
du=3
dx
16- (
) (
(
(
u=
du=-
18-
(
()
()
()
u=x+2
du=1
20- (
) (
) ( (
) (
1.6 INTEGRALES DE LAS FUNCIONES EXPONENCIALES
2-
4-
6-
c
8-
10-
c
12-
c
14-
c
16-
20-
()
()
24-
) (
)
(
1.7 INTEGRALES CON LA TANGENTE, COTANGENTE, SECANTE O COSECANTE
2-
|
4-
||
6-
||
8-
|
10-
|
12- ( ) ( ) |( ) ( )|
14- (
) (
| |
|
Caso II
2-
| |
4-
| |
Caso III
2-
()
( ) | ( )|
4-
|
|
6-
|
1.8 INTEGRALES QUE CONDUCEN A LAS FUNCIONES TRIGONOMETRICAS
2-
4- (
)
6-
() (
)
8-
()
( )
12-
()
|
14-
( )
Caso especial
2-
2.1 integrales de la forma:
Casos I
)
)
(
( )
( )
Caso II:
)
Caso III:
2.2 integrales de la forma:
)
| )
|
)
()
|
|
2.3 integrales de la forma:
3)
()
( )
( )
( )
( )
| ( )
| (
2.4 Integrales de las siguientes formas.
)
()
c x sen x sen c
x sen
x sen xdx xcox sen xdx Cos dx x sen x Cos
c
x sen
xdx senx
+ = + = =
+ =
} } }
}
2
6
1
2
2
3
3
2
2
1
2
2
3
2 2 2 3 ) 2 3 ( 2 . 2
2
cos . 1
3
3
2 2
2
)
()
()
( )
( )
)
) (
)
[( )
] ( )
( )
( )
2.5 Integrales de las potencias del seno y coseno
c x x c
x
xdx xsen xdx xsen
xdx sen x x xdx xsen xsen dx x xsen
c x x c
x
x
dx senx x dx senx xdx senx x xdx senx x sen xdx x Sen
+ + = + +
= =
= =
+ + = + + =
= = =
} }
} } }
} } } } }
2 cos
14
1
2 cos
10
1
7
cos
2
1
5
2 cos
2
1
2 2 cos 2 2 cos
2 ) 2 cos 1 ( 2 cos 2 2 2 cos 2 2 cos . 7
cos
6
1
cos
2
1
3
cos
2
1
cos
2
1
cos ) cos 1 ( . 1
7 5
7 5
6 4
2 4 2 4 3 4
2 3 2
2 3
2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3
c x x c x sen x
x
x sen x x
dx xdx senx x dx dx x xdx senx dx x
xdx xdx senx xdx sen dx x x senx x sen dx x senx
c x sen x xdx dx dx x xdx sen
+ + = + + + + = +
+ + = + + + =
+ + = + + = +
+ = = =
}
} } } } } } }
} } } } }
} } } }
2 cos 2
4
1
2
1
2
2 cos
2 2
4
1
2
1
2 cos
2
1
2
1
cos 2 2 cos
2
1
2
1
) 2 cos 2 / 1 2 / 1 ( cos 2 ) 2 cos 2 / 1 2 / 1 (
cos cos 2 ) cos cos 2 ( ) cos ( . 9
6
12
1
2
1
6 cos
2
1
2
1
) 6 cos 2 / 1 2 / 1 ( 3 . 1
2
2
2 2 2 2
2
2
c x sen x sen x
c x sen x x sen x x dx xdx dx
dx x x dx x x
dx x dx x sen xdx sen dx x sen xdx x sen
c x sen x xdx dx dx x xdx sen dx senx dx
x x
sen
+ + =
+ + + = + + =
+ + = + =
= = = =
+ = = = = =
} } } }
} }
} } } } }
} } } } } }
8
1024
1
4
128
1
128
3
8
1024
1
128
1
4
128
1
64
1
] 8 cos
2
1
4
1
2
1
4
1
4 cos
2
1
4
1
[
16
1
) 8 cos 2 / 1 2 / 1 ( 4 / 1 4 cos 2 / 1 4 / 1
16
1
] 4 cos 4 / 1 4 cos 2 / 1 4 / 1 [
16
1
) 4 cos 2 / 1 2 / 1 (
16
1
) 2 (
16
1
2
16
1
) 2
2
1
( cos . 3
2
16
1
8
1
2 cos
8
1
8
1
) 2 cos 2 / 1 2 / 1 (
4
1
4
1
)
2
1
(
2
cos
2
. 1
2
2 2 2 4 4 4 4
2 2 2 2
} } } }
+ = + = + = c x x xdx sen dx x sen xdx sen x sen xdx x sen 3 cos
6
1
) cos(
2
1
3
2
1
) (
2
1
3 ) (
2
1
2 cos 2 . 1
CASO II
CASO III
CASO IV
CASO V
2.6 integrales de las potencias de tg y ctg
Caso I
1)
v=tg
n=4 dv=
( )
v=ctg2x n=
dv=
7) ( )
( )
()
( )
v=tg(a-bx) n=1 dv=
( )
Caso II
c x x tgx dx xtgx x dx dx xtgx x
dx xtgx x x tg xtgx x xdx x x x
x x
c x x tg x tg
c x
x tg x tg
xdx tg xdx x tg xdx x tg
dx x x tg xdx x tg xdx xtg tg xdx x tg
xdx tg xdx x tg dx x x tg xdx xtg tg
xdx tg
+ = = + =
+ = + = +
+ + =
+ + = =
= =
= =
=
} } } } } } }
}
} } } } } } }
} } }
} } } }
}
} } } }
sec 2 2 sec 2 sec 2 sec sec 2 sec
) 1 (sec sec 2 sec sec 2 sec tan tan sec 2 sec
) tan (sec
) 7
3 sec ln
3
1
3
6
1
3
12
1
3 sec ln
3
1
2
3
3
1
4
3
3
1
3 3 sec 3 3 sec 3
) 1 3 (sec 3 3 sec 3 3 3 3 sec 3
3 3 sec 3 ) 1 3 (sec 3 3 3
3
) 4
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
2 4
2 4
2 2 3
2 2 3 2 2 3
3 2 3 2 3 2 3
5
3.1 Integracin por sustitucin trigonomtrica.
2 2 2
b a c + =
1.
} }
=
2 2 2 2 2
3 9 x x
dx
x x
dx
2 2
2 2
2 2
3
tan
cos 3 3
3
3
cos
cos 3 sin 3
3
sin
x
x
x
x
d dx x
x
=
=
=
= = =
u
u u
u u u u
} } } }
+ = = = = c d
sen
d
d
d
u u u
u
u
u
u u u
u u
cot
9
1
csc
9
1
9
1
sin 9
1
cos 3 sin 9
cos 3
2
2 2 2
c
x
x
c
x
x
+
= +
|
|
.
|
\
|
9
9 9
9
1
2 2
2.
( )
( )
} }
=
3
2 2
2
3
2
2
4
x
dx
x
dx
2 2
2 2
2 2
2
tan
cos 2 2
2
2
cos
cos 2 sin 2
2
sin
x
x
x
x
d dx x
x
=
=
=
= = =
u
u u
u u u u
} } }
+ = = = c
d d
u u
u
u
u
u u
tan
2
1
sec
2
1
cos 2 cos 2
cos 2
2
2 3
c
x
x
c
x
x
+
= +
|
|
.
|
\
|
2 2
4 2 4
2
1
3.2 Integracin por partes.
} }
= vdu uv udv .
Caso I
1.
}
dx
x
x
2
sin 2
dx du
x u
2
2
=
=
dx
x
sen dv
x
v
2
2
cos
=
=
} }
+ + = = c
x
x
x
x dx
x x
x dx
x
x
2
sin 2
2
cos 2 2
2
cos
2
cos 2
2
sin 2
2 .
}
xdx ln
dx
x
du
x u
1
ln
=
=
dx dv
x v
=
=
} }
+ = = c x x x dx x x dx
x
x x x ln ln
1
ln
Caso II.
3.
}
dx e x
x 3 2
xdx du
x u
2
2
=
=
dx e dv
e
v
x
x
3
3
3
=
,
}
xdx
e e x
x x
2
3 3
3 3 2
dx du
x u
2
2
=
=
dx
e
dv
e
v
x
x
3
9
3
3
=
=
c e e
x
e
x
dx e e x e
x
x x x x x x
+ =
|
.
|
\
|
}
3 3 3
2
3 3 3
2
27
2
9
2
3
2
9
1
9
1
2
3
4.
} } } }
= = = dx e e
x
e
x
e
x
dx e
x
e
x
e
x
dx e
x
e
x
dx e x
x x x x x x x x x x 2 2 2
2
2
3
2 2
2
2
3
2
3
2
3
2 3
8
6
4
3
4
3
2 4
6
4
3
2 2
3
2
c e e
x
e
x
e
x
x x x
+
2 2
2
2
3
16
6
4
3
4
3
2
dx x du
x u
2
3
3 =
=
dx e dv
e
v
x
x
2
2
2
=
=
xdx du
x u
6
3
2
=
=
dx
e
dv
e
v
x
x
2
4
2
2
=
=
dx du
x u
6
6
=
=
4
8
2
2
x
x
e
dv
e
v
=
=
3.3 Integrales por sustitucin algebraica.
1.
}
+
5 2
5
4 x
dx x
4
4
4
5
5 2
5 2
=
= +
= +
a x
a x
a x
( )
( ) da a a dx
da a a dx
4
2 / 1
5
4
2 / 1
5
4
2
5
5 4
2
1
=
=
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
c a
a a
da a a a da a a
a
da a a a
+ + =
= + = =
} }
4
9 14
3 8 13 3
2
5
4
2 / 1
5
2 / 5
5
10
9
20
28
5
16 8
2
5
4
2
5 4 4
2
5
Regresando a la variable x,
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) c x
x x
c x
x x
+ + +
+
+
= + + +
+
+
5
2
5
9 2 5
14
2
5 / 4
2
5 / 9
2
5 / 14
2
4 10
9
4 ( 20
28
4 5
4 10
9
4 20
28
4 5
2.
}
+ dx x x 1 2
2
2
2
2
1
1 2
du
dx
dx du
u
x x u
=
=
= + =
( )
( )
( ) ( )
c
u u u
c
u u u
du u u u du u u u
du u u
du
u
u du
u
u
+ + = + + =
= + = + =
= = |
.
|
\
|
(
= |
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
} }
} } }
4 6 20 ) 2 / 1 ( 8 ) 2 / 3 ( 8
2
) 2 / 5 ( 8
) 2 (
8
1
) 1 2 (
8
1
1
8
1
2 4
1
2 2
1
3 5 2 / 1 2 / 3 2 / 5
2 / 1 2 / 3 2 / 5 2 / 1 2
2 / 1 2 2 / 1
2
2 / 1
2
Regresando a la variable x,
=
( )
c
x
x x
+
+
+
+
+
4
1 2
6
) 1 2 (
20
1 2
3 5
3.4 Integracin por fracciones parciales con denominadores lineales.
2 2 4
2
+
+
=
x
B
x
A
x
x
1.
}
+ 9 18 5
2
x x
dx
3 3 5 ) 3 )( 3 5 (
1
9 18 5
1
2
=
=
+ x
B
x
A
x x x x
) 3 5 ( ) 3 ( 1 + = x B x A
S x=3,
12
1
12 1
) 3 15 ( ) 3 3 ( 1
=
=
+ =
B
B
B A
S, x=3/5,
12
5
5
12
1
) 3
5
3
5 ( ) 3
5
3
( 1
=
=
+ =
A
A
B A
sustituyendo los valores
} } } } }
+
=
=
+ 3 12
1
3 5 12
5
3 3 5 ) 3 )( 3 5 ( 9 18 5
2
x
dx
x
dx
x
Bdx
x
Adx
x x
dx
x x
dx
} }
+ + =
= c x x
x
dx
x
dx
3 ln
12
1
3 5 ln
12
1
3 12
1
3 5
5
5
1
12
5
2.
}
1
1 3
2
u
du u
) 1 ( ) 1 ( 1 3
1 1 ) 1 )( 1 (
1 3
1
1 3
2
+ + = +
+
+
=
+
=
u B u A u
u
B
u
A
u u
u
u
u
S, x=1,
1
2 2
) 1 1 ( ) 1 1 ( 1 3
=
=
+ + =
B
B
B A
S, x=-1
2
2 4
) 1 1 ( ) 1 1 ( 1 3
=
=
+ + =
A
A
B A
} }
+ + + =
+
+
c u u
u
du
u
du
1 ln 2 1 ln
1
2
1
caso II.
1.
}
+ +
dx
x x x
x
1 3 3
3 1
2 3
3 2 3 2 3
) 1 ( ) 1 ( 1 ) 1 (
3 1
1 3 3
3 1
=
+ +
x
C
x
B
x
A
x
x
x x x
x
C x B x A x + + = ) 1 ( ) 1 ( 3 1
2
S, x=1,
S, x=0 S, x=2
C
C B A
=
+ + =
2
) 1 1 ( ) 1 1 ( 3 1
2
B A
B A
C B A
C B A
=
= +
+ =
+ + =
3
2 1
1
) 1 0 ( ) 1 0 ( 1
2
B A
B A
C B A
+ =
+ =
+ + =
3
2 5
) 1 2 ( ) 1 2 ( 6 1
2
Gauss Jordan.
3
3
= +
=
B A
B A
3 1 0
3 1 1
2
1
6 2 ' 0
3 1 1
2 2 1
3 1 1
3 1 1
R
R R R
3 = B
0
3 3
3
=
=
=
A
A
B A
2
3
0
=
=
=
C
B
A
}
=
dx
x
C
dx
x
B
dx
x
A
3 2
) 1 ( ) 1 ( 1
c
x x
c
x x
dx x dx x
x
dx
x
dx
+
=
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
= =
=
} } } }
2
2 1
3 2
3 2
) 1 (
1
1
3
2
) 1 (
2
1
) 1 (
3 ) 1 ( 2 ) 1 ( 3
) 1 (
2
) 1 (
3
2.
dx
x x
x x x
}
2 2
3 2
) 1 (
2 3 2
2 2 2 2
3 2
) 1 ( 1 ) 1 (
2 3 2
+ + =
x
D
x
C
x
B
x
A
x x
x x x
2 2 2 2 3 2
) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( 2 3 2 Dx x Cx x B x Ax x x x + + + =
Si x=1
2 2 2 2 3 2
) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( 2 3 2 Dx x Cx x B x Ax x x x + + + =
4 = D
S x=0
2
) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( 2 3 2
2 2 2 2 3 2
=
+ + + =
B
Dx x Cx x B x Ax x x x
B B A x D C B A x C A x x x x + + + + + + = ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) ( 2 3 2
2 3 3 2
Gauss Jordan.
1 2
2
=
= +
C A
C A
3 1 0
2 1 1
2 1 2
1 1 2
2 1 1
+
R R
1
2 3
2
3
=
=
= +
=
A
A
C A
C
4
3
2
1
=
=
=
=
D
C
B
A
Resolviendo la integral
dx
x
D
dx
x
C
dx
x
B
dx
x
A
dx
x x
x x x
2 2 2 2
3 2
) 1 ( 1 ) 1 (
2 3 2
} +
} + } + } =
} =
= c
x
x
x
x +
+
1
4
1 ln 3
2
ln
3.5 Integracin por fracciones parciales con denominadores cuadrticos.
1.
} } }
+
+
+
=
+
+
=
+
+
dx
x
C Bx
dx
x
A
x x
x x x
dx
x x x
x x x
2 2
2
2 3
2
) 3 ( 2 ) 3 )( 2 (
2 5 3
6 3 2
) 2 5 3 (
) 2 ( ) 3 ( 2 5 3
2 2
+ + + = + x C Bx x A x x x
X=0 X=2 X=1
2=3A-2C 4=7A+2B 0=4A+B-C
2=3A-2C
4=7A+2B
0=4A+B-C
2
7
2
17
3
=
=
=
C
B
A
} } }
+
+ + + =
+
+
+
c
x
x x
x
dx
x
xdx
x
dx
3
arctan
3 2
7
3 ln
4
17
3 ln 3
3
2
7
3
2
2
1
2
17
2
3
2 2
2
2
2
2.
} } } }
+
+
+ =
+
=
+ 4 ) 4 (
4
4
4
2 2 3
x
C Bx
dx
x
A
dx
x x
dx
x x
) ( ) 4 ( 4
4 4
4
2
2 3
x C Bx x A
x
C Bx
x
A
x x
+ + + =
+
+
+ =
+
Si x=0
1
4 4
=
=
A
A
Si x=2i
4
0
0 4
4 4
=
=
=
+ =
C
B
B
C Bi
Resolviendo la integral
} }
+ + =
+
+ c
x
x
x
dx
x
dx
2
arctan 2 ln
2
4
2 2